Physical Therapy – Treatment of Common Orthopedic Conditions is a highly illustrated, evidence-based guide to the treatment of a range of common orthopaedic disorders, edited by US based experts in the field. Divided into sixteen chapters, across three sections, the book begins with a section on upper extremity, including conditions such as thoracic outlet syndrome, rotator cuff impingement, and carpal tunnel syndrome. The second section covers the spine, including sprains and strains, and cervical radiculopathy. The final section focuses on lower extremity, covering conditions such as hamstring strain, tendinopathy, and medial tibial stress syndrome. Each chapter begins with an overview of important information for diagnosis, followed by detailed evaluation and treatment approaches, which include conservative therapy, as well as complimentary, alternative, medical and surgical interventions. The text is enhanced by 850 full colour images and illustrations. Physical Therapy – Treatment of Common Orthopedic Conditions references more than 1700 journal articles and books, ensuring authoritative content throughout this valuable resource for physiotherapists. Key Points Evidence-based guide to the treatment of a range of common orthopaedic conditions USA-based, expert editorial team References from over 1700 authoritative journal articles and books 850 full colour images and illustrations

Maximize patient care skills Rely on this state-of-the-art, multimedia resource to help you navigate confidently in both common and complex clinical situations. Mastering patient care skills will ground you in fundamental rehabilitation principles; help you establish a culture of patient-centered care; and develop essential your clinical problem-solving and critical-thinking skills. You’ll also learn how to help your patients progress toward greater mobility and independence. Over 750 full-color photographs and illustrations make every concept crystal clear. See the techniques in action An access code in new, printed texts unlocks 55 full-color narrated video clips online at FADavis.com that show you clinicians and patients performing key techniques described in the text.  UPDATED & EXPANDED! Incorporating current research and today’s best evidence-based practices NEW! Levels of assistance as defined by the Comprehensive Assessment Reporting Evaluation (CARE) tool, edema assessment methods, and expanded application of biomechanics principles to body mechanics for patients and clinicians NEW! Intervention boxes EXPANDED! More emphasis on clinical reasoning with a new decision-making algorithm to guide the clinician’s choice of mechanical and manual transfer methods EXPANDED! More emphasis on diversity and distinguishing between recovery and compensation EXPANDED! More information on neurological conditions such as Parkinson’s disease, dementia, and spinal cord injury and how they relate to mobility concepts as well as the use of a wheelchair as a primary means of locomotion Narrated video clips with closed captioning online at FADavis.com demonstrate must-know techniques. A focus on developing the foundational knowledge, clinical expertise, and problem-solving skills required to work safely and effectively in both common and unexpected patient situations. Organizational structure parallels the progression of patient intervention. Icons throughout the text highlight important concepts and care skills. “Watch Out!� “Keeping Current,� and “Clinical Tips� boxes cover important safety reminders, recent research, and pointers for effectiveness and efficiency in the clinic. “Try This,� “Clinical Reality Check,� “Thinking It Through,� and “Pathophysiology� boxes provide additional learning enhancements. A wealth of clinical examples mirror today’s patient populations.

Revised and updated: a fresh new look to this established best seller, offering unique insights into this versatile and highly effective technique in the physical therapists' toolbox. Muscle Energy Techniques (METs) is a must for any student or practitioner of physical therapy, osteopathy, physiotherapy, chiropractic, or massage therapy. This practical guide, packed full of colour photographs, fully illustrates the theory and practice of a range muscle energy techniques. The book is broken in five parts. In Part I, the author examines the theory and principles behind muscle energy techniques, with chapters introducing the technique itself, muscle imbalances, myofascial slings and core muscle relationships, which leads neatly into the practice behind the technique. Parts II to IV break down the technique into body areas, i.e., upper body, lower body, trunk and pelvis, with clear descriptive explanations of the techniques accompanied by colour photographs with directional arrows showing the practitioner how to maximise the benefits of the treatment. Clear drawings allow the reader to understand the basic anatomy of each muscle. A concluding Part V shows two applications of METs: self-lengthening techniques for the shoulder complex and muscle weakness testing and the gluteals. The complete guide for any student or practitioner of physical therapy and related modalities, this is a book that you will refer to again and again.

Master the essentials of anatomy and body movement to succeed as a physical therapist assistant! Essentials of Kinesiology for the Physical Therapist Assistant, 4th Edition provides you with a solid background in the structure and function of the musculoskeletal system, with clear explanations of normal movement setting the stage for discussions of abnormal movement patterns and treatment techniques. To clarify kinesiology concepts, full-color illustrations show bones, joints, supporting ligaments, and muscles. Written by experienced physical therapy practitioners Paul Jackson Mansfield and Donald A. Neumann, this concise guide prepares PTAs for success in both the classroom and the clinical setting. And it includes a fully searchable eBook version with each print purchase! More than 600 full-color photos and drawings help you understand key concepts. Expert author team of Paul Jackson Mansfield and Donald Neumann represents a combined 50 years of physical therapy practice and more than 40 years of teaching experience. UNIQUE! Illustrations from Kinesiology of the Musculoskeletal System depict body anatomy and movement. UNIQUE! Atlas-style muscle presentations pair the illustration of a specific muscle or group with the relevant attachments, innervations, and actions. Study questions include 20-30 multiple-choice and true/false practice questions in each chapter, serving as a self-assessment tool for exam preparation. UNIQUE! Goniometry boxes in joint-specific chapters show how the goniometer may be used to measure joint angle or range of motion. Clinical Insight and Consider This boxes link the concepts of kinesiology with their clinical applications in physical therapy. Summary tables and boxes pull content together into a concise, quick-reference format. Learning objectives at the start of each chapter include a chapter outline, outcome objectives, and key terms. NEW! Revised content and updated references provide the current information you need to be an effective clinician. NEW! Discussion of Common Patterns of Joint Restriction is included in each chapter. NEW! eBook version is included with print purchase. The eBook includes video clips, animations, flashcards, and labeling exercises, and allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references, with the ability to search, customize your content, make notes and highlights, and have content read aloud. NEW! Video clips help you interpret new concepts with visual demonstration.

The Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine is intelligently structured, easy accessible and user-friendly: A-Z format, clear, concise language and uniform essay structure as well as extensive cross references between keywords and related articles enables efficient searches in a user-friendly manner both for experts and newcomers. It is intended to be a comprehensive up-to-date data base on the adaptation of the human body to exercise and on the therapeutic use of exercise with up to 2,000 keywords. It covers all aspects within the full range of modern exercise medicine of each particular scientific discipline (cancer, parasitology, aging, etc.). This includes information on methodological approaches to measuring the principle components of motor fitness, and practical aspects of their enhancement by trainings regimes as well as by nutrition and the application of drugs. Such a wide range of entries, all written by leading experts in their respective fields, will therefore address both the basic/clinical scientist as well as the practitioner. Moreover, the Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine is aimed at people in related fields, health care professionals, physiotherapists, trainers, students, informed athletes and interested laypersons. It is available both in print and as a fully searchable and hyperlinked electronic online edition.

Most people think that suffering through each day with neck, back, and other joint pain is just a fact of life. But it doesn't have to be that way.

Author Jeff LaBianco, a doctor of physical therapy and certified strength and conditioning specialist, explains how simple tweaks in your posture can dramatically reduce pain caused by arthritis and other ailments. In this guidebook, you'll learn how to change your positioning to optimize your health; maintain good posture in the workplace; choose shoes that are comfortable; and design exercise protocols that promote good posture.

The suggested exercises are easy to do and can be incorporated into your daily routine. By focusing on postural awareness at all times-when you are sitting, standing, walking, lying, and lifting-you can reduce stress and pain and improve your health.

Discover key concepts in stretching, strengthening, and conditioning that can dramatically improve your quality of life. You can start Defying the Pains of Gravity.

Kendall's Muscles: Testing and Function, with Posture and Pain, 6th Edition, transforms this landmark Physical Therapy classic to prepare you for unparalleled clinical success in today's practice. Timeless coverage of manual muscle testing, evaluation, and treatment meets the latest evidence-based practices, engaging imagery, and dynamic digital resources to create a powerful resource you will reference for years to come. The extensively revised 6th Edition of this proven classic details normal and abnormal range of motion, developmental factors and environmental influences on posture, length tests and stretching exercises, entrapment and compression syndromes, scoliosis, and more, incorporating extensive updates and enhancements to help you develop clinical confidence and ensure safe, effective practice throughout your career. Expanded ergonomics and body mechanics content familiarizes you with the most current perspectives in these critical areas. Considerations for special populations alert you to specific approaches for pediatric and geriatric populations, as well as patients with comorbidities. Photographs and illustrations clarify the latest technologies and clinical advances in muscle testing in a clear, user-friendly format. Case studies enhance your clinical application capabilities with realistic patient scenarios. Classic Kendall boxes detail key assessment, process, and treatment content in the trademark Kendall approach for unparalleled understanding at a glance. Historical Notes enrich your understanding of important links between past and current practices. Referencesand Suggested Readings point you to the most current research literature for further study.

Human beings have always moved for what they need until recently. We know how a lack of movement impacts our bodies but how does culture-wide sedentarism impact the world? Movement Matters is a Foreword Indies GOLD-winning collection of essays, in which biomechanist Katy Bowman continues her groundbreaking presentation on the interconnectedness of nature, human movement, and the environment. Here Bowman widens the "there is more to movement than exercise" message she presented in Move Your DNA and invites us to consider this idea: human movement is a part of the ecosystem. Movement Matters explores how we make ourselves, our communities, and our planet healthier all at the same time by moving our bodies more as well as: how did we become so sedentary? Where did all the movement go? (Hint: convenience often saves us movement, not time.) the missing "movement nutrients" in our food how to include more nature in education why ecosystem models need to include human movement the human need for "Vitamin Community" and group movement. Unapologetically direct, often hilarious, and always compassionate, Movement Matters demonstrates that human movement is powerful and important, and that going beyond exercise and living a movement-filled life is perhaps the most joyful and efficient way to transform your body, community, and world. A must read for exercise teachers, environmentalists, and those wanting simple, accessible ways to take action for a better world.

The handbook that every runner needs on their shelf. Why do I get a headache after a run? Do runners really need to do strength and conditioning? Will running damage my knees? How can I stop my skin chafing on long runs? How quickly will I lose my fitness when I'm off running? What's the best diet for a runner? Run Well answers these and many other common health questions that runners ask. Packed with practical, realistic and sound advice on topics from head to toe, for all of the running community.

A volume in the Contemporary Perspectives in Rehabilitation Series, curated by Steven L. Wolf, PhD, PT, FAPTA Implement a current, evidence-based approach to the selection, application, and uses of therapeutic modalities as an essential tool for functionally based rehabilitation and as a complement to other types of interventions in a patient-centered model of care. The 7th Edition of this groundbreaking text fosters an in-depth understanding of the science behind each modality, its advantages and limitations, its appropriateness for specific conditions, and its implementation. A hands-on problem-solving approach promotes the development of essential clinical decision-making skills through a wealth of full-color photographs and illustrations, special features, and challenging cases studies. Case studies with clinical decision components feature rationales for selecting and applying each therapeutic modality. Suggested Lab Activities promote discussion and hands-on practice. Illustrations, photographs, and graphs bring the text to life and familiarize you with the equipment you’ll need to know about when you enter your clinical rotations. Important facts, highlighted in each chapter, prepare you for tests on the clinical application of the modality. “Key Word Literature Searches� and “Websites for Literature for Evidence� boxes enhance your understanding of research and evidence. New To This Edition: Updated, Enhanced, & Revised! The content reflects the most current information on the science and practice of therapeutic interventions. Updated & Enhanced! A more step-by-step approach to the application of the agents makes the procedures easier to follow and easier to understand. New! Case Studies are followed by open-ended questions that promote active discussions of clinical decision-making. New! “For Whom and When� boxes succinctly describe which patients are most appropriate for the application of a specific physical agent and when administration of the agent is most indicated and supported. “Complementary Role� sections highlight how specific agents play a complementary role to other interventions as part of the larger plan of care. Updated! References at the end of each chapter reflect timely and relevant sources of information.

Learn how to navigate the complicated and challenging world of health care with Health Professional and Patient Interaction, 10th Edition. Covering strategies for effective communication and collaboration, this time-tested guide offers the tools needed to establish positive patient and interprofessional relationships that are built on respect. It not only covers respectful actions, communication standards, and good decision-making, but also demonstrates how those decisions directly shape successful patient outcomes. Practical examples and authentic scenarios highlight how to apply respect and professionalism to coworkers and patients of various ages and backgrounds across a wide spectrum of healthcare environments. It's the strong foundation you need to communicate effectively for positive, collaborative, and compassionate patient-centered care. UNIQUE! Integration of respect throughout the text underscores its necessity across the many different types of interactions between the health professional and patient and establishes the foundation for positive relationships with patients and interprofessional care teams. UNIQUE! Focus on interprofessional and intraprofessional collaboration addresses issues that apply to many different healthcare disciplines to help you identify with your specific field, as well as recognize themes that apply across a variety of healthcare delivery settings. UNIQUE! Information on developmental and lifespan changes offers insight on the challenges experienced by patients, families, and caregivers and strategies for effective age-appropriate interactions. UPDATED! Comprehensive, evidence-based content provides the most current information and strategies for being an effective and compassionate health professional. Authentic patient cases and scenarios drawn from contemporary practice demonstrate strategies and tools for effective communication and collaboration with patients and colleagues in a wide range of healthcare settings. Reflections Questions throughout the text challenge you to apply critical thinking skills and personal experience to different scenarios. Questions for Thought and Discussion at the end of the book help you apply your knowledge to a variety of situations. Extensive, updated references ensure content is current and applicable to today's clinical practice. NEW! Revised content explores the importance of self-care, coping with moral distress, building resiliency, and workplace wellness. NEW! Expanded coverage of justice, diversity, equity and inclusion emphasizes culturally-informed care and essential values and skill sets to minimize the impact of social and racial inequities on health outcomes. NEW! Updated coverage of telehealth and virtual care delivery explores the evolution of communication with patients and colleagues. NEW! Updated tools and strategies for managing difficult conversations to promote patient respect and optimize health outcomes in challenging situations. NEW! An enhanced ebook, included only with print purchase, provides access to all the text, figures, and references, plus the ability to search, customize content, make notes and highlights, and have content read aloud.

The Shoulder: Theory & Practice presents a comprehensive fusion of the current research knowledge and clinical expertise that will be essential for any clinician from any discipline who is involved with the assessment, management and rehabilitation of musculoskeletal conditions of the shoulder. This book is a team project-led by two internationally renowned researchers and clinicians, Jeremy Lewis and Cesar Fernandez-de-las-Penas. Other members of the team include over 100 prominent clinical experts and researchers. All are at the forefront of contributing new knowledge to enable us to provide better care for those seeking support for their shoulder problem. The team also comprises the voices of patients with shoulder problems who recount their experiences and provide clinicians with important insight into how better to communicate and manage the needs of the people who seek advice and guidance. The contributing authors include physiotherapists, physical therapists, medical doctors, orthopedic surgeons, psychologists, epidemiologists, radiologists, midwives, historians, nutritionists, anatomists, researchers, rheumatologists, oncologists, elite athletes, athletic trainers, pain scientists, strength and conditioning experts and practitioners of yoga and tai chi. The cumulative knowledge contained within the pages of The Shoulder: Theory & Practice would take decades to synthesise. The Shoulder: Theory & Practice is divided into 42 chapters over three parts that will holistically blend, as the title promises, all key aspects of the essential theory and practice to successfully support clinicians wanting to offer those seeing help the very best care possible. It will be an authoritative text and is supported by exceptional artwork, photographs and links to relevant online information.

Human Hand Function is a multidisciplinary book that reviews the sensory and motor aspects of normal hand function from both neurophysiological and behavioral perspectives. Lynette Jones and Susan Lederman present hand function as a continuum ranging from activities that are essentially sensory in nature to those that have a strong motor component. They delineate four categories of function along this sensorimotor continuum--tactile sensing, active haptic sensing, prehension, and non-prehensile skilled movements--that they use as a framework for analyzing and synthesizing the results from a broad range of studies that have contributed to our understanding of how the normal human hand functions.
The book begins with a historical overview of research on the hand and a discussion of the hand's evolutionary development in terms of anatomical structure. The subsequent chapters review the research in each of the four categories along the continuum, covering topics such as the intensive spatial, temporal, and thermal sensitivity of the hand, the role of hand movements in recognizing common objects, the control of reaching and grasping movements, and the organization of keyboard skills. Jones and Lederman also examine how sensory and motor function develops in the hand from birth to old age, and how the nature of the end effector (e.g., a single finger or the whole hand) that is used to interact with the environment influences the types of information obtained and the tasks performed. The book closes with an assessment of how basic research on the hand has contributed to an array of more applied domains, including communication systems for the blind, haptic interfaces used in teleoperationand virtual-environment applications, tests used to assess hand impairments, and haptic exploration in art. Human Hand Function will be a valuable resource for student and professional researchers in neuroscience, cognitive psychology, engineering, human-technology interaction, and physiology.

This book offers a thorough and accessible look into the importance of recovery in both staying healthy and performing well, and highlights the detrimental effects of underrecovery on physical and mental health. Internationally renowned experts from psychology, physiology, sport medicine, health, and sport science offer interdisciplinary analysis of the effects of underrecovery as well as the use of applied intervention and prevention strategies. Over the last few decades, research in sports has provided numerous studies showing the importance of addressing recovery to find recovery-stress balance and build resources that help prevent illness and promote healthy living and well-being. Each chapter of this volume discusses a specific area of recovery, providing a collection of useful and practical lessons athletes and non-athletes can take forward in their training and beyond. Focusing on both research and applied counseling techniques to discuss recovery as an underestimated factor in physical and mental health, the book aims to enlighten readers on ways to incorporate recovery into their everyday lives to reduce stress and prevent injury. The book is written for the scientific community, applied health scientists, students, and interested readers. It draws on experiences and scientific findings from the field of sport to make them usable for an expanded understanding of recovery in the field of health and related areas such as the workplace.

Gain a solid foundation in physical therapy for infants, children, and adolescents! Campbell's Physical Therapy for Children, 6th Edition provides essential information on pediatric physical therapy practice, management of children with musculoskeletal, neurological, and cardiopulmonary conditions, and special practice settings. Following the APTA's Guide to Physical Therapist Practice, this text describes how to assess and evaluate health problems, select evidence-based interventions, and help children improve their range of motion, flexibility, and strength. What also sets this book apart is its emphasis on clinical reasoning, decision making, and family-centered care. Written by a team of PT experts led by Robert J. Palisano, this book is ideal for use by students and by clinicians in daily practice. Comprehensive coverage provides a thorough understanding of foundational knowledge for pediatric physical therapy, including social determinants of health, development, motor control, and motor learning, as well as physical therapy management of pediatric disorders, including examination, evaluation, goal setting, the plan of care, and outcomes evaluation. Focus on the elements of patient/client management in the APTA's Guide to Physical Therapist Practice provides a framework for clinical decision making. Focus on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) of the World Health Organization (WHO) provides a standard language and framework for the description of health and health-related states, including levels of a person's capacity and performance. Experienced, expert contributors help you prepare to become a Board-Certified Pediatric Clinical Specialist and to succeed on the job. NEW! New chapter on social determinants of health and pediatric healthcare is added to this edition. NEW! New chapter on Down syndrome is added. NEW! 45 case scenarios in the ebook offer practice with clinical reasoning and decision making, and 123 video clips depict children's movements, examination procedures, and physical therapy interventions. NEW! An ebook version is included with print purchase, providing access to all the text, figures, and references, plus the ability to search, customize content, make notes and highlights, and have content read aloud.

Before you can master your role in physical therapy, you must first master the basics of patient care! Pierson and Fairchild's Principles & Techniques of Patient Care, 7th Edition provides a solid foundation in the knowledge and skills needed for effective patient care. Clear, step-by-step instructions show how to safely perform common procedures and tasks such as assessment of vital signs, positioning and draping, range of motion exercises, and patient transfer activities. Rationales make it easy to understand why specific techniques are used. Written by physical therapy experts Sheryl Fairchild and Roberta O'Shea, this book includes an enhanced eBook - free with each new print purchase - with video clips demonstrating procedures and techniques. Content based on the World Health Organization's ICF model (International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health) - the model currently endorsed by the APTA and AOTA - ensures you are referencing the most current theories and practice guidelines of physical and occupational therapy. More than 800 full-color photographs illustrate the concepts and techniques used in the assessment and management of patients in the rehabilitation setting. Procedure boxes include clear guidelines for performing each step of patient care tasks such as proper lifting techniques, patient transfers, basic wound care, and assessment of vital signs. Insights into physiological principles and rationales explain why specific techniques and procedures are used. Guidelines, principles, and precautions boxes offer additional tips for optimal assessment and management of patients in the rehabilitation setting. Self-study and problem-solving activities include case studies at the end of each chapter to help you understand important concepts and practice your decision-making and problem-solving skills. Coverage of professionalism, professional values, and ethics discusses workplace guidelines and describes how to apply those guidelines to your patient interactions. NEW! Revised content provides the current information you need to be an effective practitioner in physical therapy and occupational therapy, and includes input from clinical experts. NEW! Content on COVID-19 includes instructions on donning and doffing PPE, and is aligned with the latest CDC guidelines. NEW! Updated patient questions and documentation guidelines on wound care are included. NEW! Coverage of preventive patient positioning and objectively assessing patient pain is updated and expanded. NEW sections address early mobilization and exercise in the ICU. NEW! Enhanced eBook version - included with print purchase - allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices. NEW! Video clips are included in the eBook, demonstrating techniques and procedures.

Learn how to select and apply physical agents to optimize patient outcomes! Physical Agents in Rehabilitation, 6th Edition provides evidence-based guidelines to the effective use of agents such as heat and cold, lasers and light, ultrasound, electrotherapy, hydrotherapy, traction, and compression. It makes clinical decision making easier with clear explanations of the scientific theory and physiology underlying each agent, and also describes current research and rationales for treatment recommendations. From physical therapist and educator Michelle H. Cameron and a team of expert contributors, this market-leading reference includes access to the entire text as a fully searchable eBook. Comprehensive coverage of all physical agents including mechanisms, clinical effects, and application techniques for thermal agents, electrical currents, electromagnetic agents, and mechanical agents. UNIQUE! Step-by-step, illustrated Application Techniques boxes guide you in carrying out effective treatment options. Updated Electrical Stimulation, Ultrasound, and Laser Light Handbook is included in the eBook as a quick reference to use in the clinic. UNIQUE! Find the Evidence tables make it easy to find up-to-date, patient-specific evidence using the PICO (Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) framework. Research references throughout the book, focused on high-quality evidence. Updated review questions and answers help you master the material. NEW! Shock Wave Therapy chapter covers the principles, evidence base, and practical guidance for using this newly available physical agent. NEW! Updated Lasers, Light and Photobiomodulation chapter adds over 100 new references and more specific guidance for selecting parameters for clinical application. NEW! Enhanced eBook version - included with print purchase - allows access to the entire, fully searchable text, along with figures and references from the book, on a variety of devices.

This collection of chapters is intended to help expand, organize, and enhance understanding of the scientific and clinical relevance of vestibular-related research. Articles present a well-developed body of research with both clinical and theoretical implications, including a variety of studies contributed by individuals from different backgrounds and with diverse orientations. This collection contains anatomical investigations, analyses of instruments designed to clinically assess spedcific functions, descriptive bahavioral studies, intervention research, literature reviews and analyses which place the existing research within the broader contex of scientific literature.

This collection of chapters is intended to help expand, organize, and enhance understanding of the scientific and clinical relevance of vestibular-related research. Articles present a well-developed body of research with both clinical and theoretical implications, including a variety of studies contributed by individuals from different backgrounds and with diverse orientations. This collection contains anatomical investigations, analyses of instruments designed to clinically assess spedcific functions, descriptive bahavioral studies, intervention research, literature reviews and analyses which place the existing research within the broader contex of scientific literature.

The aim of this open access book is to provide a unique, timely, critical and comprehensive compilation of more than 30 years of robust international experimental and clinical research related to the basic science and therapeutic application of water-filtered infrared-A (wIRA) and hyperthermia in oncology, psychiatry (depression), musculoskeletal disorders, dermatology, infectiology, and surgery. This is an internationally absolutely unique attempt which publication is timely and of great interest in medical as well as in natural sciences. The aim is to enhance communication and advance the use of heat therapy for patient benefit, and to generate an environment in which anyone with an interest in hyperthermia can discuss, collaborate, network, and share events and resources. Productive dialogue and discussion among scientists and practitioners on issues relating to hyperthermia therapy is essential, especially relating to thermal transmission by water-filtered infrared-A (wIRA). The specificity and advantage of this technology is its tolerance by tissue, and its penetration of up to 3 cm allows the delivery of high heat dosages that are relevant across multiple clinical indications. Currently, wIRA is being applied in Austria, Germany, Portugal, Switzerland, The Netherlands, UK and the USA. The authors' hope is that its use will increase in these countries, and also expand into others. This book will be an invaluable tool for oncologists, surgeons, dermatologists as well as physiotherapists.

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a technique that delivers mild electrical currents across the intact surface of the skin to reduce pain. TENS is used by practitioners throughout the world to manage painful conditions and TENS equipment can be purchased by the general public so that they can self-administer treatment. There are thousands of experimental and clinical research studies published on TENS and related techniques yet there is uncertainty about the best way to administer TENS in clinical practice. This is because currents used during TENS can be administered in a variety of ways and the findings of research studies have been inconclusive.
This book provides guidance on how best to use TENS based on an evaluation of current research evidence. The book covers what TENS is, how it works, and safe and appropriate clinical techniques for many conditions including chronic low back pain, osteoarthritis and cancer pain. It also offers solutions to the problems faced by researchers when trying to design clinical trials on TENS.
Accessibility written, Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) provides a comprehensive coverage of research issues and findings about TENS and will essential readings for healthcare professionals, practitioners and students.