This volume addresses a subject of direct relevance to crop yield and therefore of major economic significance. Directed equally at academic and industrial readers, it covers three main areas of molecular plant pathology: how pathogens cause disease (the molecular signalling that takes place between plant and pathogen, and the genes that are important in the pathogen for causing disease), how plants resist disease (what is known about resistance genes, through apoptosis to systemic-acquired resistance), and exploitation of molecular plant pathology in the biotechnological control of disease. For academic and industrial researchers in plant pathology, plant genetics, plant molecular biology, plant physiology and crop biotechnology.

Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) bacteria use Cry proteins to kill their insect larval hosts. The expression of certain Cry toxins in transgenic crops has been widely used to achieve efficient control of insect pests. This book describes the use of Bt crops and the emerging problem of resistance, recent progress in understanding the mechanism of action of Bt toxins, different resistance mechanisms and strategies to cope with resistance in the field. It describes resistant insects found in the field in different countries, particularly in the developing world, and ways to counter resistance such as gene stalking, refuges, modified toxins and gene discovery of novel toxins with different mode of action.

Written primarily for 16-19 year old students, this primer aims to extend students' knowledge and inspire them to take their school-level learning further. It explores topics that are familiar from the curriculum and also introduces new ideas, giving students a first taste of the study of biology beyond school-level and demonstrating how concepts frequently encountered at school are relevant to and applied in current research. This is the ideal text to support students who are considering making the transition from studying biology at school to university. For many years, much of the human population has lived in ignorance of plant disease - yet the presence or absence of disease in a crop, or a forest, can mean the difference between economic success or disaster, and - even in the 21st century - the difference between life and death for millions of people. This primer raises the profile of plant infectious diseases, highlighting the scale of the problem, the risks to biosecurity, and the advances in science which are impacting on surveillance, diagnosis and prevention of disease. This text opens with an overview of the importance of plant disease in human history, before reviewing the structure and function of the main types of pathogens involved in plant infectious diseases (bacteria, viruses, fungi and fungi-like pathogens), focusing on unusual and interesting examples. It then explores how plant diseases can be accurately diagnosed, explaining a variety of ways in which specific pathogens can be identified including the most recent developments in molecular analysis as well as cultural and serological techniques. The primer then moves on to consider disease surveillance, which still relies heavily on traditional techniques based on human observation. It also considers emerging techniques involving epidemiological models, remote monitoring, the monitoring of air and water, satellite tracking and genetic modification of crops. Disease management - ways in which plant diseases can be controlled and their spread halted - is then discussed. This area encompasses techniques spanning chemical control of insect, fungal and bacterial pests to genetic modification of crops to introduce disease resistance. The final section of the primer explores plant biosecurity and how it can be maintained - an ever-more important issue given the continued globalisation of trade - and the impact of global warming on where both plants and plant pathogens can grow and thrive.

Hemp is enjoying a worldwide resurgence. This unique book combines a review of the hemp pest and disease literature published over the past 50 years with up-to-date information on modern biological control techniques. Each pest and disease organism is presented in the same format, covering economic impact, geographical and host-plant range, plant symptoms, taxonomic description, life history, and differential diagnosis. Important cultural, mechanical, biological and chemical controls are highlighted with charts, illustrations and explicit instructions. Easy-to-use keys are included for rapid identification of the most common pests. Introductory chapters describe the general principles of plant protection, requirements for healthy plant growth, and taxonomy of parasites and pathogens.

Plant Virus-Host Interaction: Molecular Approaches and Viral Evolution, Second Edition, provides comprehensive coverage of molecular approaches for virus-host interaction. The book contains cutting-edge research in plant molecular virology, including pathogenic viroids and transport by insect vectors, interference with transmission to control viruses, synergism with pivotal coverage of RNA silencing, and the counter-defensive strategies used by viruses to overcome the silencing response in plants. This new edition introduces new, emerging proteins involved in host-virus interactions and provides in-depth coverage of plant virus genes' interactions with host, localization and expression. With contributions from leading experts, this is a comprehensive reference for plant virologists, molecular biologists and others interested in characterization of plant viruses and disease management.

Plant parasitic nematodes are major pests of agricultural crops and cause huge monetary losses. There is a very high risk of spread of plant-parasitic nematodes from one country to another, with the movement of plants and planting materials such as seeds, bulbs, corms, suckers, tubers, rhizomes, rooted plants, nursery stock and cut flowers. In view of the large quantities and the wide variety of materials being imported and exported, it is important to assess the status of invasive nematodes and their quarantine importance in relation to agricultural trade. This book contains information on around 100 invasive nematodes and their potential threat in different countries. Each nematode entry includes information on authentic identification, geographical distribution, risk of introduction, host ranges, symptoms, biology, ecology, planting material liable to carry the nematode(s), nematode vectors, chance of establishment, likely impact, and phytosanitary measures. There are detailed accounts of diagnosis procedures including sampling, isolation, detection and identification of nematodes based on morphological and molecular characters. The book offers a global perspective on invasive plant-parasitic nematodes and useful for practitioners, professionals, scientists, researchers, students, and government officials working in plant quarantine and biosecurity.

Praise for the First Edition: Association of American Publishers Professional and Scholarly Division Award Winner (Life Sciences)"One of the ten best horticultural books of the century." The Washington Post"Diseases of Trees and Shrubs is by far the best book currently available for the horticulturist, arborist, or forester who wishes to identify disorders of forest and shade trees and woody ornamentals." The Public Garden"It may be used by anyone with knowledge of general biology as well as by someone with specialized plant knowledge for diagnosing plant disease problems. Highly recommended." Library Journal"This book is a remarkable contribution to the literature on tree pathology, providing a valuable source of reference on tree disease for all with an interest in the subject. It must surely be almost obligatory reading for the specialist tree pathologist, and will prove of great value to all tree care professionals. . . . It will fascinate any tree lovers who wish to find out more about the diseases and disorders that may afflict trees." Arboricultural Journal"It is well written and it is illustrated with photographs of such high quality that in this respect it could be described as a 'coffee table' book of forest pathology." ForestryFirst published in 1987, Diseases of Trees and Shrubs has become a standard reference for plant health specialists, plant diagnosticians, horticulturists, arborists, foresters, and their students. Now thoroughly revised, fully updated, and illustrated with more than 2200 digitally optimized color images in 261 full-color plates and more than 350 black-and-white photographs and drawings, the second edition is an unrivalled survey of the diseases of forest and shade trees and woody ornamental plants in the United States and Canada. The book is both an authoritative reference book and a powerful diagnostic tool. Organized according to type of disease-inducing agent, the second edition is also designed to be helpful in classroom and field instruction. Symptoms, signs, and cycles of hundreds of diseases are described and microscopic features of many pathogens are depicted in photos and line drawings. A searchable CD-ROM included with the book contains bibliographic entries for more than 4500 works that readers can consult for additional information or images. This remarkable scholarly work praised as one of the best horticultural books of the twentieth century lays claim to the same accolade for the twenty-first century."

The Biopesticides Manual provides information resources and technical advice in order to support the deployment of biopesticides. It is a one-stop-shop to address the information needs of the key groups who are responsible for selecting, sourcing and using biopesticides in the tobacco production system. Biopesticides are a key component of integrated pest management (IPM) in tobacco. IPM seeks to reduce the risk of harm to people and the environment. When used in conjunction with good crop management, biopesticides can help to keep pest levels under control, reducing the need to apply conventional pesticides.

This edited book provides an overview of omics technologies and methods for integration across multiple omics layers used in the plant disease diagnosis and developing management strategies. The book concentrates on the prevalence of soil-borne disease management in various important crops with use of different strategies, including host resistance and biological control etc. The special focus is on the resolving practical problems encountered after the resistance development in the pathogens against several chemical pesticides. Further, special attention is given to the emergence of new diseases or the re-emergence of old ones on several crops, and on the results and problems encountered by using microbial inoculants, biofumigation and other non-chemical control methods. This book has 18 contributory chapters from the eminent experts in the field of plant pathology, microbiology and biotechnology working on different aspects of soil-borne diseases of important agricultural crops. This edited volume is of interest and useful to researchers in plant pathology, agriculture sciences, plant genomics ecology, policy makers, also it is a valuable source of reference to the relevant researchers and students globally.

Pest risk analysis is an evolving and dynamic field. It informs decisions for regulatory plant protection, from domestic activities such as prioritizing pests for surveillance to making quarantine decisions regarding the importation of products. This text provides a solid foundation in pest risk analysis and its application to regulatory plant protection. Basic methods for pest risk analysis are addressed, including how they can be used to solve real life problems in the context of national and international rules, regulations, requirements, laws and agreements. Written by practicing risk analysts, the text is enhanced with examples of methods and applications, many of which are based on real analyses performed by plant protection organizations. Understanding of basic tools and methods is encouraged to enable the reader to prepare, review and develop scientifically sound and technically defensible pest risk analyses. This is an essential resource for students in agricultural sciences, and regulatory plant protection professionals wishing to learn about pest risk analysis: why we do it, how it's done, and what it requires.

Plant innate immunity is a collective term to describe a complex of interconnected mechanisms that plants use to withstand potential pathogens and herbivores. The last decade has seen a rapid advance in our understanding of the induction, signal transduction and expression of resistance responses to oomycetes, fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes and insects. This volume aims at providing an overview of these processes and mechanisms. Edited by Jean-Claude Kader and Michel Delseny and supported by an international Editorial Board, "Advances in Botanical Research" publishes in-depth and up-to-date reviews on a wide range of topics in plant sciences.
* Multidisciplinary reviews written from a broad range of scientific perspectives
* For over 40 years, series has enjoyed a reputation for excellence
* Contributors internationally recognized authorities in their respective fields

This volume consists of 85 chapters that highlight recent advances in our knowledge of the viruses that infect plants and fungi. It begins with general topics in plant virology including movement of viruses in plants, the transmission of plant viruses by vectors, and the development of virus-resistant transgenic plants. The second section presents an overview of the properties of a selection of 20 well-studied plant viruses, 23 plant virus genera and a few larger groups of plant viruses. The third section, which is abundantly illustrated, highlights the most economically important virus diseases of cereals, legumes, vegetable crops, fruit trees and ornamentals. The last section describes the major groups of viruses that infect fungi.
The most comprehensive single-volume source providing an overview of virology issues related to plant and fungiBridges the gap between basic undergraduate texts and specialized reviews Concise and general overviews of important topics within the field will help in preparation oflectures, writing reports, or drafting grant applications"

This book offers a collection of information on successive steps of molecular 'dialogue' between plants and pathogens. It additionally presents data that reflects intrinsic logic of plant-parasite interactions. New findings discussed include: host and non-host resistance, specific and nonspecific elicitors, elicitors and suppressors, and plant and animal immunity. This book enables the reader to understand how to promote or prevent disease development, and allows them to systematize their own ideas of plant-pathogen interactions.
* Offers a more extensive scope of the problem as compared to other books in the market
* Presents data to allow consideration of host-parasite relationships in dynamics and reveals interrelations between pathogenicity and resistance factors
* Discusses beneficial plant-microbe interactions and practical aspects of molecular investigations of plant-parasite relationships
* Compares historical study of common and specific features of plant immunity with animal immunity

Disease resistance is one of the major factors that can be improved to sustain yield potential in cultivated crops. This book looks at disease resistance in wheat, concentrating on all the economically important diseases their economic impact and geographical spread, breeding for resistance, pathogen variability, resistance mechanisms and recent advances made on resistance genes. Newer strategies for identifying resistance genes and identify resistance mechanisms are discussed, including cloning, gene transfer and the use of genetically modified plants. "

This book is about the management of forest pests. It focuses predominantly on insect pests, but many examples relate to fungal pathogens, some of which are vectored by forest insects. The central theme of the book is the development of Integrated Pest Management (IPM), the main impetus for which comes from the need to use environmentally sensitive methods of control appropriate to both semi-natural and plantation forests. Such forests are likely to be managed not only for timber production but also for recreation and to enhance biodiversity. An introductory chapter describes how forests have been transformed by exploitation and management and how altering the composition and distribution of forests can contribute to pest problems.
Subsequent chapters focus on the 'techniques' of management and control that contribute to IPM, considering in turn plant health, risk-rating, silviculture, tree resistance, biological control, microbial control and semiochemicals. By focusing on these important elements of management, the aim is to provide a critical analysis of the theory and practice of each one in relation to key aspects of both pest and forest ecology. The final chapter on IPM brings together elements of the previous chapters, discussing them in the context of the economic and environmental impact of pests, the economics of control, and the role of decision support systems. Detailed case studies are provided and future developments in IPM discussed in relation to sustainability, conservation and the potential impact of climate change.

Containing an extensive range of photographs and authored by leading horticultural experts, "Diseases of Temperate Horticultural Plants" is an indispensable reference work for horticultural professionals, academics, students and crop producers as well as amateur horticulturists. The diseases of major crops are presented according to their classification, and the symptoms of each disease, causal pathogen and control measures for each condition are described. The crops covered include the major temperate horticultural crops, organized into easy-to-navigate sections divided into fruits, vegetables and ornamentals. Within fruits, apples and pears are discussed, as well as ribes and berries, cherries, peaches and plums, nut crops and rhubarb. The vegetable section covers salad crops, brassicas and crucifers, cucurbits, root vegetables, bulb crops, solanaceous vegetables and some herbs. The section on ornamental plants includes a wide range of ornamental garden plants, while a further section discusses diseases of turf grass and ornamental lawns. The book is user-friendly with practical, accessibly written entries organized into discrete sections. The comprehensive nature of this work makes it an invaluable addition to any horticulturist s library with content that will remain current for years to come."

The twenty-first volume in the series focuses on plant pathology and is the first to integrate Advances in Plant Pathology into Advances in Botanical Research. The articles represented strive both to draw insights from relevant biological disciplines into the realm of plant pathology and to reveal the general principles of plant pathology to the broad audience of biologists, including undergraduate and postgraduate students, researchers and teachers.
Kombrink and Somssich address how plant pathogens communicate at the genetic and biochemical level in determining resistance or susceptibility. This general theme is continued in articles on the nature of fungal wilt diseases (Beckman and Roberts); plant virus infection (de Zoeten); and the gene-for-gene interactions between plants and fungi (de Wit). Ehrlich takes up the timely issue of how pressure to expand and intensify agriculture is influencing agroecosystems and natural ecosystems on a global scale. The current status and future prospects of chestnuts, in health and disease, is considered by Anagnostakis. In an article on phytoplasmas, Kirkpatrick and Smart review the recent application of molecular techniques to the inference of taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships among mycoplasma-like organisms. To conclude the volume, Savary and colleagues show how a form of systems analysis can be used to handle large and complex data sets in epidemology.

Written for advanced undergraduate students, this book is a practical, in-depth guide to plant virology. Beginning with an introduction to viruses and their classification, the text describes virus pathology, including how viruses enter and move through plant cells and induce disease. Subsequent chapters discuss how viruses spread in the field and how to measure this. Throughout, the book remains reader-friendly, using focus boxes for clear, easy-to-obtain information, enabling students to quickly access relevant information but supply sufficient detail for advanced studies. In addition to basic information on virus biology there is an additional focus on applied virology, ideal for students undertaking agricultural studies for whom study of disease and its control is essential.