This issue of Radiologic Clinics will focus on the essentials of thoracic imaging. Topics include lung cancer screening and staging systems, radiation dose techniques, nodule characterization, PET/CT in the thorax, MDCT and MR evaluation of thoracic aorta, pulmonary emboli and perfusion imaging, interstital pneumonias, emphysema and airway imaging, post-operative chest, and thoracic infections in the immunocompromised host. "...articles are richly illustrated with high quality images and tables as well as important references." Reviewed by Sven-Goran Fransson on behalf of Acta Radiologica, March 2015

This book critically assesses the current state of knowledge on new and important detection technologies, e.g. mass spectrometry, tandem mass spectrometry, biosensor detection and tissue imaging, in connection with toxic chemical and biological agents. In general, the main topics discussed concern the risks and consequences of chemical and biological agents for human health in general, with special emphasis on all biochemical and metabolic pathways including the reproductive system. The exposome, genetic risks and the environment, various health hazard agents, risk assessment, environmental assessment and preparedness, and analysis of sub-lethal effects at the molecular level are also discussed. In closing, the book provides comprehensive information on the diagnosis of exposure, and on health concerns related to toxic chemical and biological agents.

Endovascular neurosurgery is a recently introduced but rapidly evolving medical field, which uses minimally invasive interventions to treat major life-threatening vascular lesions of the Central Nervous System. Although its history counts less than 15 years of worldwide acceptance, it has rapidly displaced the traditional open neurosurgical techniques, being nowadays the first treatment choice for brain aneurysms and vascular malformations. Thus, the experience of each neuroendovascular center and performer is invaluable, offering the base for learning and teaching the new generation of interventionalists as well as for the evolvement of the method itself. This book presents the basic principles of endovascular neurosurgery starting from clinical cases. Through this close-to-clinical-reality-process, the reader will be able to more thoroughly understand the pathophysiology of the brain and spine vascular lesions as well as the decision-making strategy, related to the indications, endovascular methods and results, finding suggestions and solutions to his/her clinical questions and problems. Besides chapters devoted to CNS vascular embryology and anatomy, clinical cases organized in groups based on the treated lesions are introduced: ruptured and unruptured cerebral aneurysms of the anterior and posterior circulation, side-wall and bifurcation aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations (AVM), dural arteriovenous fistulae (dAVF), arterial stenosis and angioplasty as well as spinal vascular lesions. A separate chapter is devoted to the organization and necessary equipment of the angio room and the department offering neuroendovascular service. This volume will be of interest to neurosurgeons, interventional neuroradiologists, vascular surgeons, neurologists and ICU physicians as well as health care providers who are involved in the diagnosis and management of the vascular lesions of the brain and spine.

This book provides a cohesive overview of the current technological advances in computational radiology, and their applications in orthopaedic interventions. Contributed by the leading researchers in the field, this volume covers not only basic computational radiology techniques such as statistical shape modeling, CT/MRI segmentation, augmented reality and micro-CT image processing, but also the applications of these techniques to various orthopaedic interventional tasks. Details about following important state-of-the-art development are featured: 3D preoperative planning and patient-specific instrumentation for surgical treatment of long-bone deformities, computer assisted diagnosis and planning of periacetabular osteotomy and femoroacetabular impingement, 2D-3D reconstruction-based planning of total hip arthroplasty, image fusion for computer-assisted bone tumor surgery, intra-operative three-dimensional imaging in fracture treatment, augmented reality based orthopaedic interventions and education, medical robotics for musculoskeletal surgery, inertial sensor-based cost-effective surgical navigation, and computer assisted hip resurfacing using patient-specific instrument guides. Edited and authored by leading researchers in the field, this work is an essential reference for biomedical engineers, computer scientists and orthopaedic surgeons to develop or use computational radiology approaches for orthopaedic surgery and interventions.

Guest edited by Theodore Dubinsky and Neeraj Lalwani, this issue of Radiologic Clinics will examine the latest developments and best practices for female pelvic imaging. Topics include MR Imaging of Urethra and Peri-urethral Disorders, Placenta Evaluation on MR, Imaging of Female Infertility, Obstetric Complications, Imaging of Acute Abdomen in Pregnancy, Gestational Trophoblastic Disease, Updates in 3D Pelvic Sonography, Role of Interventional Procedures in Ob/Gyn, Ovarian Cystic Lesions, Gynecological Malignancies, PET Imaging for Malignancies, and MR Imaging of Pelvic Floor Dysfunction.

Fall-induced hip fracture is an epidemic health risk among elderly people. This book presents an image-based multilevel modeling approach to understanding the biomechanics involved in fall-induced hip fracture. By hierarchically integrating a body-level dynamics model, a femur-level finite element model, and a local bone failure model, the biomechanics approach is able to simulate all stages in sideways falls and to incorporate all biomechanical variables affecting hip fracture. This book is useful for clinicians to accurately evaluate fracture risk, for biomechanical engineers to virtually test hip protective devices, and for biomedical students to learn image-based biomechanical modeling techniques. This book also covers: Biomechanical viewing on bone composition, bone remodeling, and bone strength Bone imaging and information captured for constructing biomechanical models Bone mechanical testing and mechanical properties required for biomechanical modeling

This volume provides an introduction for the scientist who is new to the field of molecular imaging, as well as detailed methods for experts in other areas of molecular imaging. Chapters detail the advantages and limitations of combining fluorescent, bioluminescent and radioisotopic, creating dual modality imaging reporter gene construct, bioluminescent imaging, and bioluminescent or fluorescent imaging. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Reporter Gene Imaging : Methods and Protocols aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.

The field of interventional bronchoscopy is rapidly expanding and has emerged as a new and exciting subspecialty in pulmonary medicine. To date, the impact of interventional bronchoscopy procedures has been felt in diagnosis, staging, and management of lung cancer, the most lethal cancer worldwide. Interventional Bronchoscopy: A Clinical Guide provides a state-of-the art description of interventional bronchoscopy procedures, addressing the scientific basis, indications, techniques, results, complications, and cost issues. Chapters address the current status, the advantages of new techniques and, most importantly, when to choose new techniques over the existing techniques. Each chapter will discuss the future of these procedures. Interventional Bronchoscopy: A Clinical Guide is an essential resource for a successful interventional pulmonology service and will be useful for the bronchoscopist, anesthesiologist, radiologist, thoracic surgeon and oncologist as well as practicing pulmonologists who do not perform these procedures but have to make decisions regarding appropriate referral of their patients to advanced airway centers.

This issue discusses imaging techniques for common and important lower extremity injuries and conditions. Femoral acetabular impingement, soft tissue pathology around the hip, meniscal injuries and imaging the postoperative meniscus, the neglected corners of the knee (posterolateral / posteromedial corner injuries), the extensor mechanism from top to bottom, cysts and bursa around the knee, ligamentous injuries of the ankle and foot, medial longitudinal arch of the foot, ankle impingement syndromes, imaging of the forefoot, overuse injuries of the lower extremity, imaging of total hip and knee arthroplasties are all reviewed. Additionally, the application of advanced imaging techniques in evaluation of the lower extremity is discussed.

Dating Neurological Injury: A Forensic Guide for Radiologists, Other Expert Medical Witnesses, and Attorneys presents a unique way to approach the dating of neurological injury as imaged by modern computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR) and ultrasound (US). Chapters are presented in a logical progression beginning with the general appearance of normal brain and progressing to the way abnormalities manifest themselves. The emphasis in these discussions is on the appearance of edema and of hemorrhage, as these two findings are the brain's most common response to injury. This volume presents in a systematic fashion the principles involved in the interpretation of images of the central nervous system specifically in a medical-legal setting where concern exists about the occurrence and timing of an injury. Dating Neurological Injury: A Forensic Guide for Radiologists, Other Expert Medical Witnesses, and Attorneys is a welcome addition to institutional, medical, and legal libraries, and to the personal libraries of malpractice defense and plaintiff lawyers and physicians in the neurosciences (neurosurgery, neurology, neuropathology, and neuroradiology) involved in medical-legal issues.

This book discusses important fundamentals of radiation safety with specific details on dose units, calculations, measuring, and biological effects of ionizing radiation. The author covers different exposure situations and their requirements, and relevant legislation and regulations governing radiation safety. The book also examines radioactive waste management, the transport of radioactive materials, emergency planning and preparedness and various examples of radiation protection programs for industrial, medical, and academic applications.

Imaging plays a key role in the diagnosis and treatment of athletic injuries. This issue focuses on athletic injuries of the upper extremity, and best-practices approach to imaging these areas. Shoulder injuries are given their own review, as are football injuries to the upper extremity, throwing injuries to the upper extremity, and injuries associated with club and racquet sports. Use of MR Imaging in particular is discussed for the labrum and elbow, and MR Arthrography of the upper extremity is reviewed. Wrist and hand injuries are discussed in detail in separate articles, and imaging of the pediatric athlete is addressed as well.

This issue discusses the clinical application of PET Imaging in assessing brain tumors, Including what a neuro-oncologist's expectations should be. One article discusses how PET can help in developing reliable response evaluation criteria in brain tumors; another reviews modern tracers for brain tumors. The evolving role of PET-MRI in brain tumors is examined. Parametric mapping of multiple PET tracers with MRI response evaluation is reviewed. Another article discusses the role of early and delayed PET imaging and novel quantitative techniques in hybrid imaging for brain tumors. The perspective of pediatric imaging is also given.

This issue of Ultrasound Clinics addresses interventional procedures in Ultrasound. Topics include: Breast-Ultrasound Surveillance and Intervention; Ultrasound-Guided Abscess Drainage: Technical and Clinical Aspects; The Use of Ultrasound in TIPS: Pre-Procedural Role in Evaluating the Need for Intervention; Dialysis Fistula Surveillance; Ultrasound-Guided Solid Organ Biopsy; Ultrasound-Guided Biopsies of Superficial Structures (Thyroids and Lymph Nodes); Ultrasound-Guided Biliary Intervention; Tumor Ablation: US vs CT; Ultrasound-Guided Vascular Access and Intervention; The Use of Ultrasound in Musculoskeletal Interventions; Ultrasound and GPS Technology; High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound; Varicose Vein Ablation; Diagnosis and Intervention in the Venous Portal System; and Ultrasound Evaluation of Hepatic Artery Stenosis.

Visualization of chemicals in tissues has seen incredible advances in the past several years. Visualization Techniques: From Immunohistochemistry to Magnetic Resonance Imaging provides practical advice from experts in the field as well as an excellent overview of some of the most important recent advances in visualization. This timely volume explores topics from immunohistochemistry for multiple neurochemicals, detecting expression levels of neurochemicals, following cellular processes and ionic movement, identifying polysynaptic pathways subserving physiological responses to identifying functional changes in vivo. Written for the popular Neuromethods series, this work includes the kind of detailed description and implementation advice that is crucial for getting optimal results in the lab. Meticulous and concise, Visualization Techniques: From Immunohistochemistry to Magnetic Resonance Imaging will prove invaluable for scientists seeking to gain a greater understanding of the practical skills, strengths, and pitfalls that these wonderful and exciting visualization techniques provide.

This issue provides a completely updated review of bowel imaging across the modalities. Topics include CT enterography, CT evaluation of small bowel obstruction, CT evaluation of GI bleeding and mesentecric ischemia, CT colonography: Pitfalls in interpretation, MR enterography, MR colonography, Transabdominal ultrasound for bowel evaluation, MR for rectal cancer staging, Enteroclysis: fluoroscopic and CT techniques and Endoscopic techniques for small bowel imaging.? Readers will be thoroughly up to date on bowel imaging techniques and pitfalls after reading this issue.

This completely new and updated issue covers the most important topics in male pelvic imaging. Among the articles in this issue are discussions of Imaging of prostate cancer, the scrotum, male pelvic trauma, pelvic nodal imaging, penile imaging, MRI of the bladder, Imaging and male infertility, and trus prostate.

Dementia is a massive and increasing global problem, with the current prevalence anticipated to double every 20 years as people live longer. Neuroimaging in dementia is recommended by most clinical guidelines and its role has traditionally been to exclude a mass lesion, rather than to support a specific diagnosis. All radiologists will be aware of a steady rise in the number of requests for brain imaging in old people, but what can imaging reliably tell us and what kind of imaging should we use? In affluent societies we now have a range of structural and molecular brain imaging techniques at our disposal, with specific ligands and sophisticated image analysis techniques now available for clinical use. However, we have difficulty justifying which patients to scan, using which modality and when. We know that Alzheimer's disease is the most common neuropathology contributing to a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease but we also know from large post-mortem studies that most brain pathology in those who have died with a diagnosis of dementia is mixed. Thus understanding different diseases that can cause dementia, how these co-exist or interact and appreciating that not all dementia is Alzheimer's disease is important.? Equally important is awareness of individual differences in response to a neuropathological burden and what factors provide resilience against dementia that might be maximized to reduce or postpone its impact. This issue draws together contributions from experts in their fields to provide clarity to the topic in a comprehensive collection of articles.

An especially important issue during these uncertain times, this collection of articles examines Neuroimaging from an economic perspective, with articles that discuss leadership, "turf battles?, strategic planning in the face of declining reimbursement, and the impact of teleradiology and telemedicine in cutting costs and improving access.? Medicolegal issues are addressed, as is evidence-based medicine and effective utilization.? Performance measures and conflict of interest are reviewed, among many other topics.

The use of F-18 NaF PET/CT versus conventional bone scanning in the assessment of benign and malignant disorders has many advantages, which are discussed at length in this issue. Imaging of a variety of benign and malignant bone diseases is discussed, including the assessment of disease and the monitoring of patient response to therapy. Imaging in pediatric patients is also discussed.

The practice of Emergency Radiology has undergone rapid change in the last decade: as imaging procedures are increasingly performed within short periods of time after the arrival of patients to the emergency room, the expectation for near real-time interpretations (often by subspecialists) has gained popularity. Larger emergency centers provide 24 hour on-site coverage by well trained radiologists, while others rely on the services of equally well trained radiologists located off-site, taking advantage of modern universal interconnectivity. Either way, radiologists' input is increasingly affecting the immediate outcome of patients presenting with acute symptoms.? Radiologists have embraced the challenge to protect patient safety by seeking evidence-based data to support the proper utilization of CT (including the use of alternative imaging modalities) and radiologists and CT manufacturers together have worked intensely to find optimal methods to deliver the inevitable radiation.

Imaging of the spine is given a thorough update in this issue, beginning with an article on spine segmentation, enumeration and normal variants.? Imaging of degenerative disease of the spine is then reviewed, giving consideration to appropriate utilization of imaging, specificity and sensitivity shortcomings in evaluation of degenerative disease, risks and benefits of imaging of degenerative disease, and the prevalence of radicular? and? xial pain and underlying? pain generators.? Next, the validity and socioeconomic? impact of spine imaging in evaluating "degenerative? pain syndromes is reviewed.? Pathophysiology and biomechanics of disc and posterior element of degenerative disease is reviewed, along with imaging of radiculopathy / radiculitis, ? imaging of central canal stenosis, and imaging of discogenic pain (using MRI and discography). Imaging of joint related axial pain, spine neoplasm, spine infection, and non-acute trauma is also covered

This issue reviews and updates a variety of topics in pancreatic imaging.? Pearls on the Multiphasic CT of the pancreas are offered, along with the key MRI techniques for pancreatic imaging. Emerging CT, MR and US techniques for pancreatic evaluation (such as dual energy, DCMRI, spectroscopy, and US contrast) are elucidated.? Ultrasound for pancreatic imaging is given a thorough review.? An update on staging and resectability of pancreatic adenocarcinoma is discussed.? Acute and chronic pancreatitis are reviewed, as well as cystic pancreatic lesions, congenital pancreatic anomalies, uncommon solid pancreatic neoplasms, and other pancreatic pathology. Post-operative imaging of the pancreas is discussed, and finally, an update on endoscopic techniques for the pancreas is provided.

The Year Book of Diagnostic Radiology brings you abstracts of the articles that reported the year's breakthrough developments in diagnostic radiology, carefully selected from more than 500 journals worldwide. Expert commentaries evaluate the clinical importance of each article and discuss its application to your practice. There's no faster or easier way to stay informed This annual covers all aspects of thoracic imaging, breast imaging, the musculoskeletal system, pediatric radiology, vascular and interventional radiology, and neuroradiology.

This text evolved as a response to numerous requests to present a simplified approach to the diagnosis and management of most of the common aspects of both cosmetic and medical venous disorders. The authors, representing experienced plebologists from several different primary disciplines, have attempted to present simplistic paradigm-oriented approaches on how to thoughtfully evaluate and manage common vein issues with contemporary solutions. Several areas of phlebology were not addressed in this text. The management of vascular malformations are beyond the scope of this text and were not covered in detail. Although indications for the appropriate use of IVC filters are discussed, the details about the specific devices, their placement and removal are also beyond the scope of this text. Deep venous obstruction from prior thrombosis, venous compression by arteries such as the compression of the left common iliac vein by the right common iliac artery and pelvic venous insufficiency can now be managed with minimally invasive image guided treatments; the technical aspects of such treatments are complex and not discussed in detail in this handbook. This book will increase the therapeutic skill of the practicing phlebologist and thus increase the quality of care for patients faced with problems related to venous disorders.