With chapters from globally recognized academics, General Radiography shows the multifaceted approach to general radiography and how it enhances healthcare delivery. Potentially influential to how healthcare delivery is offered, it begins with the pertinent chapters examining image acquisition and dose optimization in diagnostic radiography. Next, chapters reflect and critically discuss aspects central to patient care, and imaging within trauma, critical care and pediatric situations. The final section of this book then explores the learning, teaching and education in the field of diagnostic radiography, with novel strategies illustrated.

Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness globally. Early detection and treatment can prevent its progression to avoid total blindness. This book discusses and reviews current approaches for detection and examines new approaches for diagnosing glaucoma using CAD system. Computer-Aided Glaucoma Diagnosis System, Chapter 1 provides a brief introduction of the disease and current methodology used to diagnose it today. Chapter 2 presents a review of the medical background of the disease, followed by a theoretical and mathematical background used in fundus image processing. Chapter 3 is a literature review about segmentation and feature extraction. Chapter 4 describes the formulation of the proposed methodology. In Chapter 5, the results of optic disc and optic cup segmentation algorithm are presented, the feature extraction and selection method, experimental results and performance evaluations of the classifier are given. Chapter 6 presents the conclusions and discussion of the future potential for the diagnostic system. This book is intended for biomedical engineers, computer science students, ophthalmologists and radiologists looking to develop a reliable automated computer-aided diagnosis system (CAD) for detecting glaucoma and improve diagnosis of the disease. Key Features Discusses a reliable automated computer-aided diagnosis system (CAD) for detecting glaucoma and presents an algorithm that detects optic disc and optic cup Assists ophthalmologists and researchers to test a new diagnostic method that reduces the effort and time of the doctors and cost to the patients Discusses techniques to reduce human error and minimize the miss detection rate and facilitate early diagnosis and treatment Presents algorithms to detect cup and disc color, shape features and RNFL texture features Dr. Arwa Ahmed Gasm Elseid is an assistant professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sudan University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan. Dr. Alnazier Osman Mohammed Hamza is professor of Medical Imaging, College of Engineering, Sudan University of Sciences and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan.

This detailed volume for the first time explores techniques and protocols involving quantitative imaging flow cytometry (IFC), which has revolutionized our ability to analyze cells, cellular clusters, and populations in a remarkable fashion. Beginning with an introduction to technology, the book continues with sections addressing protocols for studies on the cell nucleus, nucleic acids, and FISH techniques using an IFC instrument, immune response analysis and drug screening, IFC protocols for apoptosis and cell death analysis, as well as morphological analysis and the identification of rare cells. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Imaging Flow Cytometry: Methods and Protocols will be a critical source for all laboratories seeking to implement IFC in their research studies.

X-ray imaging is a corner stone of breast cancer diagnosis. By exploiting the phase shift of X-rays rather than their attenuation, phase-contrast tomography has the potential to dramatically increase the visibility of small and low contrast features, thus leading to better diagnosis. This thesis presents research on the first synchrotron-based project developing a clinical phase-contrast breast computed tomography (CT) setup at Elettra, the Italian Syncrotron Radiation Facility. This book includes a comprehensive theoretical background on propagation-based phase-contrast imaging, exploring and extending the most recent image formation models. Along with theory, many practical implementation and optimization issues, ranging from detector-specific processing to setup geometry, are tackled on the basis of a large number of experimental evidences. Most of the modelling results and data analysis have general validity, being a valuable framework for optimization of phase-contrast setups. Results obtained at synchrotron are also compared with "real world" laboratory sources: both a first-of-its-kind comparison with one of the few hospital breast CT systems and a state-of-the-art implementation of monochromatic phase-contrast micro-tomography with a conventional rotating anode source are presented. On a more general level, this work sheds a light on the importance of synchrotron-based clinical programs, which are key to trigger the long-anticipated transition of phase-contrast imaging from synchrotrons to hospitals.

In this issue of Radiologic Clinics, guest editor Edward Y. Lee brings his considerable expertise to the topic of Imaging Guidelines and Recommendations for Pediatric Disorders. Provides in-depth, clinical reviews on the latest updates on Imaging Guidelines and Recommendations for Pediatric Disorders, providing actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field; Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create these timely topic-based reviews.

As an addition to the European postgraduate training system for young neurosurgeons, we began to publish in 1974 this series of Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery which was later sponsored by the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies. This series was first discussed in 1972 at a combined meeting of the Italian and German Neurosurgical Societies in Taormina, the founding fathers of the series being Jean Brihaye, Bernard Pertuiset, Fritz Loew and Hugo Krayenbuhl. Thus were established the principles of European co operation which have been born from the European spirit, flourished in the European Association, and have been associated throughout with this senes. The fact that the English language is now the international medium for communication at European scientificconferences is a great asset in terms of mutual understanding. Therefore we have decided to publish all contri butions in English, regardless of the native language of the authors. All contributions are submitted to the entire editorial board before publication of any volume for scrutiny and suggestions for revision. Our series is not intended to compete with the publications of original scientificpapers in other neurosurgical journals. Our intention is, rather, to present fields of neurosurgery and related areas in which important recent advances have been made. The contributions are written by specialists in the given fieldsand constitute the first part of each volume.

This volume addresses the various techniques and novel applications of mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) and its role as a discovery tool in the field of proteomics, lipidomics, and metabolomics. The chapters in this book demonstrate how MSI can be applied to many areas of research such as clinical pathology, translational medicine, toxicology, biomarkers and response studies, and potential incorporation of MSI into forensic workflows. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Innovative and comprehensive, Imaging Mass Spectrometry: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for research scientists and clinicians who are interested in further studies of MSI technologies.

From Roentgen to Rembrandt, Hounsfield to Hollywood and Vesalius to videogames, Imagining Imaging explores the deeply entwined relationship between art (and visual-based culture) and radiology / medical imaging. Including artworks from numerous historical eras representing varied geographic locations and visual traditions, alongside a diverse range of contemporary artists, Dr Jackson argues that the foundations of medical image construction and interpretation were laid down in artistic innovations dating back hundreds and thousands of years. Since the discovery of X-rays, artists and moviemakers have, in turn, drawn rich inspiration from radiographic imagery and concepts, but the process of cross-pollination between art and science has continued, with creative endeavour continuing to mould medical imaging examinations to this day. Blending a unique mix of art, science and medical history, together with aspects of visual neurophysiology and psychology, Imagining Imaging is essential reading for radiologists, radiographers and artists alike. Peppered with familiar TV and film references, personal insights into the business of image interpretation, and delivered in an accessible and humorous style, the book will also appeal to anyone who enjoys looking at pictures. Key features: Engaging synthesis of art and medical history, combined with anecdotes and experiences from a working clinical radiologist Diverse range of visual reference points including astronomy, botany and cartography, alongside comprehensive discussion of medical imaging modalities including plain radiography, ultrasound, CT and MRI 200 full colour illustrations

From Roentgen to Rembrandt, Hounsfield to Hollywood and Vesalius to videogames, Imagining Imaging explores the deeply entwined relationship between art (and visual-based culture) and radiology / medical imaging. Including artworks from numerous historical eras representing varied geographic locations and visual traditions, alongside a diverse range of contemporary artists, Dr Jackson argues that the foundations of medical image construction and interpretation were laid down in artistic innovations dating back hundreds and thousands of years. Since the discovery of X-rays, artists and moviemakers have, in turn, drawn rich inspiration from radiographic imagery and concepts, but the process of cross-pollination between art and science has continued, with creative endeavour continuing to mould medical imaging examinations to this day. Blending a unique mix of art, science and medical history, together with aspects of visual neurophysiology and psychology, Imagining Imaging is essential reading for radiologists, radiographers and artists alike. Peppered with familiar TV and film references, personal insights into the business of image interpretation, and delivered in an accessible and humorous style, the book will also appeal to anyone who enjoys looking at pictures. Key features: Engaging synthesis of art and medical history, combined with anecdotes and experiences from a working clinical radiologist Diverse range of visual reference points including astronomy, botany and cartography, alongside comprehensive discussion of medical imaging modalities including plain radiography, ultrasound, CT and MRI 200 full colour illustrations

This book provides a thorough overview of the ongoing evolution in the application of artificial intelligence (AI) within healthcare and radiology, enabling readers to gain a deeper insight into the technological background of AI and the impacts of new and emerging technologies on medical imaging. After an introduction on game changers in radiology, such as deep learning technology, the technological evolution of AI in computing science and medical image computing is described, with explanation of basic principles and the types and subtypes of AI. Subsequent sections address the use of imaging biomarkers, the development and validation of AI applications, and various aspects and issues relating to the growing role of big data in radiology. Diverse real-life clinical applications of AI are then outlined for different body parts, demonstrating their ability to add value to daily radiology practices. The concluding section focuses on the impact of AI on radiology and the implications for radiologists, for example with respect to training. Written by radiologists and IT professionals, the book will be of high value for radiologists, medical/clinical physicists, IT specialists, and imaging informatics professionals.

This book is designed to give the reader a solid understanding of the

physics and instrumentation aspects of PET, including how PET data are collected and formed into an image. Topics include basic physics, detector technology used in modern PET scanners, data acquisition, and 3D reconstruction. A variety of modern PET imaging systems are also discussed, including those designed for clinical services and research, as well as small-animal imaging. Methods for evaluating the performance of these systems are also outlined. The book will interest nuclear medicine students, nuclear medicine physicians, and technologists.

Updated and expanded, this Second Edition of Essentials of Clinical Radiation Oncology continues to provide a succinct and effective review of the most important studies in the field. Organized by disease topic and grouped by body part, each chapter employs structured sections for targeted information retrieval and retention. Chapters begin with a "Quick Hit" overview of each disease summarizing the most significant paradigms before moving into dedicated summaries on epidemiology, risk factors, anatomy, pathology, genetics, screening, clinical presentation, workup, prognostic factors, staging, treatment paradigm, and medical management. An evidence-based question and answer section concludes each chapter, which pairs commonly encountered clinical questions with answers connecting historical context and pertinent clinical studies to better inform decision making and treatment planning.Providing the latest treatment paradigms and guidelines, this comprehensive second edition now outlines the evidence and must-know considerations for using radiation therapy with immunotherapy, the strategies for metastasis-directed therapy for oligometastatic disease, and much more. Written for the practicing radiation oncologist, related practitioner, and radiation oncology resident entering the field, this "one-stop" resource is the go-to reference for everyday practice. Key Features: Structured sections offer high-yield information for targeted review Cites need-to-know clinical studies and treatment guidelines in evidence-based question and answer format Each chapter has been reviewed and updated to include the most recent and relevant studies New chapters on spine tumors, thyroid cancer, sinonasal tumors, cholangiocarcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, multiple myeloma and plasmacytoma, miscellaneous pediatric tumors, and treatment of oligometastatic disease from underlying cancers Designed for quick reference with comprehensive tables on treatment options and patient selection, workup, and prognostic factors by disease site Purchase includes digital access for use on most mobile devices or computers

The completely revised and updated edition --with essential information on improved treatments
Earlier editions of this text have established it as an excellent primer for radiotherapy of head and neck cancers. Now this new volume brings this material fully up to date with recent developments concerning treatment techniques, use of modalities, and the management of early and advanced tumors. With fresh data published here for the first time, this superb resource has been extensively reworked to include:
* A broad range of strategies for managing carcinomas of the oral cavity, horopharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, nasopharynx, paranasal sinuses, nasal cavity, salivary glands, and eye.
* Greatly expanded material on applied anatomy, treatment methods, and technical pointers.
* Detailed site-specific treatment coverage--pathology, staging, selection of modalities, radiation techniques, current treatment data, and more.
* An in-depth case study analysis, comparing conventional radiation therapy to altered fractionation radiation therapy.
* A separate chapter on dental care before, during, and after radiation therapy.
* New illustrations throughout, plus over 100 photographs
This text provides invaluable guidance on the management of head and neck neoplasms to radiation oncologists, head and neck surgeons, oral surgeons, medical oncologists, medical students, and residents.

Explore important research approaches and concepts within diagnostic radiography Provide contemporary evidence-based practice regarding mixed method approaches Provide a clear and 'how to guide' for understanding key research principles in a wide range of radiographic settings Evaluate the impact of research on patients and the radiographer-patient relationship

-Presents a practical, case-based approach -Includes real clinical problems and examples, with worked through solutions -Written in an accessible and student friendly manner

As useful to students and nuclear professionals as its popular predecessors, this fifth edition provides the most up-to-date and accessible introduction to radiation detector materials, systems, and applications. There have been many advances in the field of radiation detection, most notably in practical applications. Incorporating these important developments, Measurement and Detection of Radiation, Fifth Edition provides the most up-to-date and accessible introduction to radiation detector materials, systems, and applications. It also includes more problems and updated references and bibliographies, and step-by-step derivations and numerous examples illustrate key concepts. New to the Fifth Edition: * Expanded chapters on semiconductor detectors, data analysis methods, health physics fundamentals, and nuclear forensics. * Updated references and bibliographies. * New and expanded problems.

This is the first all-encompassing textbook designed to support trainee clinical scientists in medical physics as they start work in a hospital setting whilst undertaking an academic master's course. Developed by practising physicists and experienced academics using their experience of teaching trainee medical physicists, this book provides an accessible introduction to the daily tasks that clinical scientists perform in the course of their work. It bridges the gap between theory and practice, making the book also suitable for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in other disciplines studying modules on medical physics, including those who are considering a career in medical physics through applying to the NHS Scientist Training Programme (STP). Features: Provides an accessible introduction to practical medical physics within a hospital environment Maps to the course content of the Scientist Training Programme in the NHS Acts as a complement to the academic books often recommended for medical physics courses

The aim of this book is to present new computational techniques and methodologies for the analysis of the clinical, epidemiological and public health aspects of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 pandemic. The book presents the use of soft computing techniques such as machine learning algorithms for analysis of the epidemiological aspects of the SARS-CoV-2. This book clearly explains novel computational image processing algorithms for the detection of COVID-19 lesions in lung CT and X-ray images. It explores various computational methods for computerized analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 infection including severity assessment. The book provides a detailed description of the algorithms which can potentially aid in mass screening of SARS-CoV-2 infected cases. Finally the book also explains the conventional epidemiological models and machine learning techniques for the prediction of the course of the COVID-19 epidemic. It also provides real life examples through case studies. The book is intended for biomedical engineers, mathematicians, postgraduate students; researchers; medical scientists working on identifying and tracking infectious diseases.

This book takes an in-depth look at the emerging technologies that are transforming the way clinicians manage patients, while at the same time emphasizing that the best practitioners use both artificial and human intelligence to make decisions. AI and machine learning are explored at length, with plain clinical English explanations of convolutional neural networks, back propagation, and digital image analysis. Real-world examples of how these tools are being employed are also discussed, including their value in diagnosing diabetic retinopathy, melanoma, breast cancer, cancer metastasis, and colorectal cancer, as well as in managing severe sepsis. With all the enthusiasm about AI and machine learning, it was also necessary to outline some of criticisms, obstacles, and limitations of these new tools. Among the criticisms discussed: the relative lack of hard scientific evidence supporting some of the latest algorithms and the so-called black box problem. A chapter on data analytics takes a deep dive into new ways to conduct subgroup analysis and how it's forcing healthcare executives to rethink the way they apply the results of large clinical trials to everyday medical practice. This re-evaluation is slowly affecting the way diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, and cancer are treated. The research discussed also suggests that data analytics will impact emergency medicine, medication management, and healthcare costs. An examination of the diagnostic reasoning process itself looks at how diagnostic errors are measured, what technological and cognitive errors are to blame, and what solutions are most likely to improve the process. It explores Type 1 and Type 2 reasoning methods; cognitive mistakes like availability bias, affective bias, and anchoring; and potential solutions such as the Human Diagnosis Project. Finally, the book explores the role of systems biology and precision medicine in clinical decision support and provides several case studies of how next generation AI is transforming patient care.

Radioactive drug development is a multi-disciplinary task, therefore, in a concerted effort, dedicated scientists and experts from different fields of specialisation have contributed to this book. It is presented in two sections. Section 1 contains basic principles and methods used for analysis, information on the chemistry of technetium and on radiopharmaceuticals labelled with technetium-99m, the characteristics of the 99 Mo/99mTc-generator, of 'kits' and formulations for in-vitro labelling, and special safety aspects for in-vivo labelling of blood cells. Section 2 contains monographs of 99mTc-radiopharmaceuticals used in nuclear medicine. Each monograph includes information on the chemistry, formulation, commercial products and trade names, factors affecting in-vivo performance, clinical information on pharmacokinetics, as well as details concerning the clinical application and the radiation dose to patients.

This book comprises select peer-reviewed papers presented at the International Conference on Biomedical Engineering Science and Technology: Roadway from Laboratory to Market (ICBEST 2018) organized by Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India. The book covers latest research in a wide range of biomedical technologies ranging from biomechanics, biomaterials, biomedical instrumentation to tele-medicine, internet of things, bioinformatics, medical signal and image processing. The contents aim to bridge the gap between laboratory research and feasible market products by identifying potential technologies to enhance functionalities of diagnostic and therapeutic devices. The book will be of use to researchers, biomedical engineers, as well as medical practitioners.

This issue of Radiologic Clinics focuses on Advanced Neuroimaging in Brain Tumors and is edited by Dr. Sangam Kanekar. Articles will include: Imaging findings of new entities and patterns in brain tumor: IDH mutant, IDH wildtype, Codeletion, and MGMT methylation; CT and MR perfusion imaging in neuro-oncology; Application of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in the pre- and post-surgical evaluation of brain tumor; Clinical applications of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in of brain tumors: grading and recurrence; Cellular and molecular imaging with PET and SPECT in brain tumors; Role of Functional MRI (fMRI) in the presurgical mapping of brain tumor; Imaging surveillance of gliomas: role of advanced imaging techniques; Neoplastic meningitis and paraneoplastic syndrome-role of imaging; Imaging of neurologic injury following oncologic therapy; RadioGenomics of brain tumor; Imaging mimics of brain tumors; Imaging of tumor syndromes; and more!

This book explains clearly and in detail all aspects of radiation protection in nuclear medicine, including measurement quantities and units, detectors and dosimeters, and radiation biology. Discussion of radiation doses to patients and to embryos, fetuses, and children forms a central part of the book. Phantom models, biokinetic models, calculations, and software solutions are all considered, and a further chapter is devoted to quality assurance and reference levels. Occupational exposure also receives detailed attention. Exposure resulting from the production, labeling, and injection of radiopharmaceuticals and from contact with patients is discussed and shielding calculations are explained. The book closes by considering exposure of the public and summarizing the "rules of thumb" for radiation protection in nuclear medicine. This is an ideal textbook for students and a ready source of useful information for nuclear medicine specialists and medical physics experts.

In recent years, molecular imaging techniques have grown to be invaluable tools for molecular biology research and, to a more modest extent, clinical medicine. In Molecular Imaging: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers explore the latest advances in the field, describing a rich variety of practical procedures and methods for diverging imaging technologies. Chapters are divided into sections that cover the imaging of basic molecular and biochemical events, imaging in pre-clinical settings, and imaging in clinical settings. Composed in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology(TM) series format, each chapter contains a brief introduction, step-by-step methods, a list of necessary materials, and a Notes section which shares tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Comprehensive and ground-breaking, Molecular Imaging: Methods and Protocols is an essential handbook for students, established practitioners, and research fellows alike.

This book provides a comprehensive introduction to current state-of-the-art auto-segmentation approaches used in radiation oncology for auto-delineation of organs-of-risk for thoracic radiation treatment planning. Containing the latest, cutting edge technologies and treatments, it explores deep-learning methods, multi-atlas-based methods, and model-based methods that are currently being developed for clinical radiation oncology applications. Each chapter focuses on a specific aspect of algorithm choices and discusses the impact of the different algorithm modules to the algorithm performance as well as the implementation issues for clinical use (including data curation challenges and auto-contour evaluations). This book is an ideal guide for radiation oncology centers looking to learn more about potential auto-segmentation tools for their clinic in addition to medical physicists commissioning auto-segmentation for clinical use. Features: Up-to-date with the latest technologies in the field Edited by leading authorities in the area, with chapter contributions from subject area specialists All approaches presented in this book are validated using a standard benchmark dataset established by the Thoracic Auto-segmentation Challenge held as an event of the 2017 Annual Meeting of American Association of Physicists in Medicine