The book is divided into two parts: Part I deals with the relevant physics and planning algorithms of protons (H Breuer) and Part II with the radiobiology, radiopathology and clinical outcomes of proton therapy and a comparison of proton therapy versus photon therapy (BJ Smit). Protons can be used for radiosurgery and general radio therapy. Since proton therapy was first proposed in 1946 by Wilson, about sixteen facilities have been built globally. Only a very few of these have isocentric beam delivery systems so that proton therapy is really only now in a position to be compared directly by means of randomised clinical trials, with modern photon radiotherapy therapy sys tems, both for radiosurgery and for general fractionated radiotherapy. Three-dimensional proton planning computer systems with image fusion (image of computerised tomography (CT), magnetic resonance registration) capabilities imaging (MRI), stereotactic angiograms and perhaps positron emission tomography (PET) are essential for accurate proton therapy planning. New planning systems for spot scanning are under development. Many of the older comparisons of the advantageous dose distributions for protons were made with parallel opposing or multiple co-planar field arrangements, which are now largely obsolete. New comparative plans are necessary once more because of the very rapid progress in 3-D conformal planning with photons. New cost-benefit analy ses may be needed. Low energy (about 70 MeV) proton therapy is eminently suitable for the treatment of eye tumours and has firmly established itself as very useful in this regard."

Radiology plays a fundamental role in the diagnosis and management of childhood diseases. This is reflected in both paediatric and radiology post graduate exams, where candidates are expected to have a working knowledge of paediatric pathology, clinical manifestations and appropriate radiological investigations. Building on the great success of the first edition, Paediatric Radiology for MRCPCH and FRCR retains the popular preexisting structure of the book, but presents an improved variety of clinical cases as well as updated text in-keeping with advances in medical practice and technology. There is more emphasis on cross-sectional imaging, as candidates are increasingly encountering these sophisticated imaging tests in postgraduate exams. Images have been updated, and all the clinical information has been reviewed and revised accordingly. Contains over 100 clinical cases, presented in exam format, with answers overleaf Includes a wide range of common and rare paediatric conditions with supplementary images to illustrate additional points Uses classic examination images, with salient radiological and clinical summaries of each condition - the "hot lists" Carries specific information for paediatricians and radiologists for each case An introductory chapter on the basic concepts of imaging aims to provide the reader with an approach to radiological imaging and an awareness of the different modalities available, with new sections on non-accidental injury and radiation protection.

This book contains contributions from computational biomechanics specialists who present and exchange opinions on the opportunities for applying their techniques to computer-integrated medicine, including computer-aided surgery and diagnostic systems. Computational Biomechanics for Medicine collects peer-reviewed chapters from the annual Computational Biomechanics for Medicine Workshop, in conjunction with the Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention [MICCAI] Society conference. The works are dedicated to research in the field of methods and applications of computational biomechanics to medical image analysis, image-guided surgery, surgical simulation, surgical intervention planning, disease diagnosis and prognosis, analysis of injury mechanisms, implant and prosthesis design, artificial organ design, and medical robotics. These chapters will appeal to a wide range of researchers and students within the fields of engineering and medicine, as well as those working in computational science.

Digital Radiography has been ? rmly established in diagnostic radiology during the last decade. Because of the special requirements of high contrast and spatial resolution needed for roentgen mammography, it took some more time to develop digital m- mography as a routine radiological tool. Recent technological progress in detector and screen design as well as increased ex- rience with computer applications for image processing have now enabled Digital Mammography to become a mature modality that opens new perspectives for the diag- sis of breast diseases. The editors of this timely new volume Prof. Dr. U. Bick and Dr. F. Diekmann, both well-known international leaders in breast imaging, have for many years been very active in the frontiers of theoretical and translational clinical research, needed to bring digital mammography ? nally into the sphere of daily clinical radiology. I am very much indebted to the editors as well as to the other internationally rec- nized experts in the ? eld for their outstanding state of the art contributions to this v- ume. It is indeed an excellent handbook that covers in depth all aspects of Digital Mammography and thus further enriches our book series Medical Radiology. The highly informative text as well as the numerous well-chosen superb illustrations will enable certi? ed radiologists as well as radiologists in training to deepen their knowledge in modern breast imaging.

This easy-to-understand pocketbook in the highly respected Clark’s stable of imaging texts is an invaluable tool and training aid, providing essential information for mammographic positioning, technique and interpretation for mammography practitioners at all levels. Adopting a systematic and structured approach facilitating rapid reference in the clinical setting, the book covers general principles and all routine mammographic projections, including additional and adapted projections covered in a separate section, and is highly illustrated with clear explanatory line diagrams and imaging photographs. Clark’s Essential Guide to Mammography is ideal as an educational tool for trainee mammographers, trainee assistant and associate apprenticeship mammographers, mammography training teams and universities delivering mammography education and a convenient clinical guide for practising mammographers, including assistant and associate apprenticeship mammographers.

Key features: * Provides a clear explanation for many of the pain generators in low back pain and illuminate this perplexing and ubiquitous problem. * Addresses a gap in the existing literature, as "non-specific" or mechanical lumbosacral spine pain accounts for by far most chronic spinal pain sufferers' complaints for clinicians dealing with spinal pain syndromes like general medical practitioners, and spinal specialists in various fields such as sports medicine. * Illustrates anatomical structures that can be injured and thus become responsible for causing mechanical lumbosacral spine pain, frequently, such injuries cannot be detected on sophisticated imaging such as MRI.

This issue of Radiologic Clinics of North America focuses on Prostate Imaging, and is edited by Dr. Aytekin Oto. Articles will include: Prostate cancer diagnosis and management: A urologist's perspective; MRI of prostate zonal anatomy; Technique of Multi-parametric MRI of the prostate; Multi-parametric MRI- interpretation including PIRADS v2; Prostate MRI for screening and active surveillance; Prostate MRI for staging; Prostate MRI for post-treatment evaluation and recurrence; Pitfalls in prostate MRI; MRI-targeted prostate biopsies; MRI-guided focal treatment for prostate cancer; Role of Prostate MRI in radiation oncology; Challenges and future directions of prostate MRI; and more!

A concise and comprehensive review of findings and differential diagnoses found on the oral board examination for diagnostic radiology. Drawing on pertinent and key differential diagnoses, the authors have assembled and organized the diagnoses most likely to appear on the exam and illustrated them with essential images to reinforce the findings associated with each differential. Additionally, with each finding set is provided a mnemonic to augment recall of any missing components of the differential that would be considered important. Because of their concise presentation, many cases can be examined, interpreted, completed, and memorized very rapidly in a single sitting. Since the majority of cases contain prototypical representations of pathology, the book also serves as an excellent reference source for many years after the reader has taken and passed the oral board examination. A CD-ROM edition of the book (ISBN: 1-58829-928-7), sold separately, is available for use on the reader's PC or PDA.

This issue of Radiologic Clinics of North America focuses on Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, and is edited by Dr. Dania Tamimi. Articles will include: Dental Anatomy and Nomenclature for the Radiologist; Oral and Maxillofacial Anatomy for the Radiologist; Imaging of Odontogenic Infections; Imaging of Benign Odontogenic Lesions; Imaging of Malignant Tumors of the Oral and Maxillofacial Complex; Imaging of Radiation and Drug Induced Osteonecrosis; Imaging of Bone Dysplasias and Other Bone Diseases; Imaging of Dentoalveolar and Jaw Trauma; Imaging of Dental and Jaw Anomalies; Radiology of Implant Dentistry; Imaging of the Temporomandibular Joint; Radiologic Evaluation for Dental Sleep Medicine; and more!

This practical, two-volume handbook is the first to illustrate the use of transvaginal color doppler in obstetrics and gynecology. It provides a critical look at state-of-the-art ultrasound techniques and equipment and serves as a comprehensive reference with numerous black/white and color ultrasonograms, tables and graphs. The volumes include extensive literature citations which assist the investigator in finding more in-depth references. This work focuses on the recent remarkable expansion in both diagnostic techniques and clinical applications. It reports findings based on an unusually large patient population over a long period of time. It presents the accuracy and limitations of various aspects of ultrasound. This important publication is especially helpful for clinicians and researchers.

Edited, authored, and reviewed by an expert team of oncologists and nuclear physicians/radiologists, this one-of-a-kind title helps you make the most of the critical role PET/CT plays in cancer staging and therapeutic responses to individualized treatments. Drs. Mohsen Beheshti, Werner Langsteger, and Alireza Rezaee place an emphasis on cutting-edge research and evidence-based practice, ensuring that you're up to date with every aspect of this fast-changing field. For each tumor entity, you'll find authoritative discussions of background, pathology, common pattern of spread, TNM classification, clinical guidelines, discussion, evidence-based recommendations, key points, and pitfalls. Contains 130 teaching cases with high-quality PET/CT images. Presents clear, practical guidance from multiple experts across subspecialties: nuclear medicine, oncology, oncologic surgery, radiation oncology, and clinical research. Includes separate, comprehensive chapters on head and neck, lung, breast, esophageal/gastric, pancreas/neuroendocrine, colorectal, hepatobiliary, lymphoma, gynecologic, prostate, melanoma, and brain cancers. Features short reviews of clinical aspects of different cancers, primary diagnostic procedures, and recommendations regarding PET/CT from ESMO and NCCN. Helps to reveal positive outcomes or potential deficits or weaknesses in an individual plan of care, allowing for better outcomes in patient care, future cancer research, and application of radiotracers beyond 18F-FDG.

Appraising cancer as a major medical market in the 2010s, Wall Street investors placed their bets on single-technology treatment facilities costing $100-$300 million each. Critics inside medicine called the widely-publicized proton-center boom "crazy medicine and unsustainable public policy." There was no valid evidence, they claimed, that proton beams were more effective than less costly alternatives. But developers expected insurance to cover their centers' staggeringly high costs and debts. Was speculation like this new to health care? Cancer, Radiation Therapy, and the Market shows how the radiation therapy specialty in the United States (later called radiation oncology) coevolved with its device industry throughout the twentieth-century. Academic engineers and physicians acquired financing to develop increasingly powerful radiation devices, initiated companies to manufacture the devices competitively, and designed hospital and freestanding procedure units to utilize them. In the process, they incorporated market strategies into medical organization and practice. Although palliative benefits and striking tumor reductions fueled hopes of curing cancer, scientific research all too often found serious patient harm and disappointing beneficial impact on cancer survival. This thoroughly documented and provocative inquiry concludes that public health policy needs to re-evaluate market-driven high-tech medicine and build evidence-based health care systems.

This issue of PET Clinics focuses on Prostate Cancer Imaging and Therapy, and is edited by Drs. Cristina Nanni and Richard P. Baum. Articles will include: Clinicians Need for Imaging of Prostate Cancer; Imaging of Prostate Cancer using 11C-Choline; Imaging of Prostate Cancer using FACBC; Imaging of Prostate Cancer using Ga-Bombesin; Imaging of Prostate Cancer using 18F-Choline; Imaging of Prostate Cancer using Cu-64 Prostate-specific membrane antigen; From bench to bed: New Gastrin releasing peptide receptor-directed radioligands and their use in prostate cancer; Imaging of Prostate Cancer using Ga-68 Prostate-specific membrane antigen; Imaging of Prostate Cancer using F-18 Prostate-specific membrane antigen; Imaging of Prostate Cancer using uPAR-PET; PET/CT for radiation therapy planning of Prostate Cancer; and more!

This practical, two volume handbook provides a critical look at state-of -the-art ultrasound techniques and equipment. It is a comprehensive reference with numerous black/white and color ultrasonograms, tables and graphs. The volumes include extensive literature citations which assist the investigator in finding more in-depth references. This work focuses on the recent remarkable expansion in both diagnostic techniques and clinical applications. It reports findings based on an unusually large patient population over al long time period. It presents the accuracy and limitations of various aspects of ultrasound.

Covering the entire spectrum of this fast-changing field, Diagnostic Imaging: Interventional Radiology, third edition, is an invaluable resource for interventional radiologists, general radiologists, vascular surgeons, and trainees-anyone who requires an easily accessible, highly visual reference in this complex area of imaging. Dr. Brandt C. Wible and his team of highly regarded experts provide up-to-date information on more than 100 interventional radiologic procedures to help you make informed decisions at the point of care. Chapters are well organized, referenced, and lavishly illustrated, creating a useful learning tool for readers at all levels of experience as well as a handy reference for daily practice.. Provides a comprehensive, expert reference for review and preparation of common and infrequently performed procedures, with detailed "step-by-step" instructions for conducting image-guided interventions in various clinical scenarios . Covers vascular venous, arterial, and lymphatic procedures, with specific attention to thromboembolic, posttransplant, and oncologic therapies . Addresses emerging nonvascular image-guided treatments in pain management, neurologic and musculoskeletal procedures, and others . Contains new procedures chapters on endovascular treatments for pulmonary embolisms and deep vein thrombosis, prostate artery embolization, pelvic venous disorders, and percutaneous/endovascular arteriovenous fistula (AVF) creation . Features sweeping updates throughout, including updated guidelines and recommendations from the Society of Interventional Radiology . Offers more than 3,200 images (in print and online), including radiologic images, full-color medical illustrations, instructional photo essays, and clinical and histologic photographs . Clearly demonstrates procedural steps, complications, treatment alternatives, variant anatomy, and more?all fully annotated to highlight the most important diagnostic information . Organized by procedure type, allowing for quick comparison of different procedural techniques that may have complementary or alternative roles in managing specific disease states . Builds on the award-winning second edition, which won first prize in the British Medical Association's Medical Book Awards, Radiology category . Includes the enhanced eBook version, which allows you to search all text, figures, and references on a variety of devices

Musculoskeletal X-rays for Medical Students provides the key principles and skills needed for the assessment of normal and abnormal musculoskeletal radiographs. With a focus on concise information and clear visual presentation, it uses a unique colour overlay system to clearly present abnormalities. Musculoskeletal X-rays for Medical Students: * Presents each radiograph twice, side by side - once as would be seen in a clinical setting and again with clearly highlighted anatomy or pathology * Focuses on radiographic appearances and abnormalities seen in common clinical presentations, highlighting key learning points relevant to each condition * Covers introductory principles, normal anatomy and common pathologies, in addition to disease-specific sections covering adult and paediatric practice * Includes self-assessment to test knowledge and presentation techniques Musculoskeletal X-rays for Medical Students is designed for medical students, junior doctors, nurses and radiographers, and is ideal for both study and clinical reference.

This issue of PET Clinics focuses on Molecular Imaging and Precision Medicine, Part 1, and is edited by Dr. Rathan Subramaniam. Articles will include: What is Precision Medicine?; Molecular Imaging and Precision Medicine in Head and Neck Cancer; Therapy Response Assessment using Molecular Imaging and Precision Medicine; Molecular Imaging and Precision Medicine in Breast Cancer; Molecular Imaging and Precision Medicine in Dementia and Movement Disorders; Molecular Imaging and Precision Medicine in Prostate Cancer; Molecular Imaging and Precision Medicine in Lymphoma; Radionucleide Therapies in Molecular Imaging and Precision Medicine, PET based Precision Medicine in Thyroid Carcinoma; Molecular Imaging and Precision Medicine in Lung Cancer, and more!

Interventional radiology is an indispensable and still expanding area of modern medicine that encompasses numerous diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. The revised and extended second edition of this volume covers a broad range of non-vascular interventions guided by CT or MR imaging. Indications, materials, techniques, and results are all carefully discussed. A particularly comprehensive section is devoted to interventional oncology as the most rapidly growing branch of interventional radiology. In addition, detailed information is provided that will assist in establishing and developing an interventional service. This richly illustrated book will be a most valuable source of information and guidance for all radiologists who deal with non-vascular procedures.

This issue of Radiologic Clinics of North America focuses on Genitourinary Imaging, and is edited by Dr. Andrew B. Rosenkrantz. Articles will include: Renal Stone Imaging; Imaging of Solid Renal Masses; Imaging of Cystic Renal Masses; Practical Adrenal Imaging; Dual-energy CT in Genitourinary Imaging; Imaging Genitourinary Trauma; Upper and Lower Tract Urothelial Imaging; Pediatric Genitourinary Imaging; Prostate MR Imaging; The Evidence For and Against Corticosteroid Prophylaxis in At-Risk Patients; Image-guided Renal Interventions; Diffusion-Weighted Genitourinary Imaging; and more!

This book explores the non-interventional aspects of interventional pulmonology, focusing on diseases of the central airways. As the field of bronchology and interventional pulmonology expands, newer conditions involving the central airways are being recognized with increasing frequency. Current literature has mainly focused on technical aspects of the subspecialty, but this book illuminates what else interventional pulmonology has to offer the pulmonologist, including diagnosis and alternate therapeutic options. Diseases of the Central Airways: A Clinical Guide presents techniques for the diagnoses, management and treatment of patients with intriguing central airway conditions such as: black bronchoscopy, tracheobronchomalacia, endobronchial tuberculosis, and tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica. In-depth chapters are written by international experts and are up-to-date and comprehensive reviews. This important new book will contribute significantly to the welfare of patients with lung ailments of the central airways.

This third edition of Pediatric Radiology-a volume in The Requisites in Radiology series-covers everything from basic principles of interpreting diagnostic imaging studies through cutting-edge techniques. Expert authors Johan G. Blickman, MD, PhD and Patrick D. Barnes, MD are now joined by Bruce R. Parker, MD to provide the latest advances in pediatric radiology in a convenient, quick-access format with high-quality images. This edition features a greater emphasis on differential diagnosis, neuron functional imaging, and coverage of the dynamic topic of cardiac MR. You'll have everything you need to succeed in radiology examinations, subspecialty rotations, and clinical practice. Provides comprehensive yet concise coverage of the core material fundamental to this subspecialty. Presents material in a logical anatomic sequence, organized by organ system. Features a multi-modality approach, providing the most common imaging techniques tailored to each organ system. Includes tables, boxes, pearls, key concepts, and differential diagnosis throughout the text to make key material accessible and easy to reference. Features expanded coverage of new and emerging imaging trends, including state of the art imaging techniques, dose optimization, the roles of the child life specialist and anesthesiologist in pediatric imaging, and the importance of effective communication in pediatric imaging. Focuses on team-based patient care with coverage of the increasingly important aspect of interpersonal relations with the patient, family, and members of the healthcare team. Crucial differences between pediatric and adult imaging are emphasized within each major organ system. Highlights key concepts of pediatric imaging, with special attention paid to dose optimization and the ALARA principle. Includes the newest imaging safety standards surrounding children, focusing on safe radiation dosing and optimization of imaging via lower radiation doses. Provides updated imaging approaches and illustrations of newer techniques applied in common pediatric conditions. 1,120 images clarify basic principles and offer expert image interpretation guidance. Expert Consult eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, images, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

This issue of the Neurologic Clinics is being edited by the series Consulting Editor, Dr. Randolph Evans, and will be a special issue focusing on patient case studies of a board range of neurological diseases and disorders. Topics and cases covered include, but are not limited to: cerebrovascular disease, multiple sclerosis, syncope, epilepsy, tremor, dementia, neurologic issues in pregnancy, and medicolegal cases.

The Migraine Brain, edited by David Borsook, Arne May, Peter J. Goadsby, and Richard Hargreaves, makes a major contribution to the field, addressing the increasingly sophisticated neuroimaging techniques that have allowed researchers to begin to define functional and anatomical characteristics of migraine and other less-common types of headache. Of particular focus is how imaging is changing the way we understand migraine. This includes changes in function, structure and chemistry of the migraine brain. Included are sections that focus on particular aspects of migraine, for example the migraine aura: those symptoms that cause visual sensitivity (blinding white light), sensory difficulty (loud noises, painful touch, and hot/cold spells), slurred language, and motor dysfunction.
Extensively illustrated throughout, The Migraine Brain provides a general overview of the history of migraine, its pathophysiology, as well as in-depth details on the Clinical Perspectives and the different imaging techniques in use (MR, fMRI, DTI, VBM, PET, fMRI, and MEG). It also includes details on modulation of the brain using such techniques as TMS. The book concludes with a discussion of future uses of imaging in the diagnosis and treatment of migraines and other headaches.
A collation of the top thinkers in the field and the only book of its kind, The Migraine Brain is necessary reading for neurologists and neuroscientists.

Medical students preparing for a career in clinical practice must become familiar with a wide range of diagnostic imaging techniques and image-guided interventions. They must learn to identify the indications for radiological examination and recognize the role each procedure plays in the workup, diagnosis, and therapeutic management of patients. That is why Squire's Fundamentals of Radiology has been such an important, long-standing resource for medical students, physicians, and other professionals at all stages of their careers. It teaches essential topics in the radiology curriculum and features hundreds of illustrative cases clinicians can turn to again and again in practice. In this long-awaited seventh edition, Robert Novelline provides more than 600 new high-resolution images representing the current breadth of radiological procedures: conventional x-rays, ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), angiography, radioisotope scanning, positron emission tomography (PET), and molecular imaging. This edition's expanded coverage addresses dual energy CT, breast tomosynthesis, PET-MR scanning, and tractography brain imaging, along with best practices for managing patient experiences during and after examination. All new images were produced at a major teaching hospital using state-of-the-art imaging technologies. Squire's Fundamentals of Radiology is designed to be read cover to cover by students, with concepts, principles, and methods progressing in a logical, cumulative manner. It also serves as an invaluable tool for teachers and an indispensable reference for seasoned practitioners. Written by a radiologist who has trained thousands of medical students and residents, this textbook is the clear choice for excelling in the general practice of radiology.

This open access book summarizes the latest scientific findings regarding the biological effects of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FNPP) accident in 2011. Various cases of changes in animals and organisms have been reported since the FNPP accident. However, it is often unknown whether they are actually due to radiation, since the dose or dose-rate are not necessarily associated with the changes observed. This book brings together the works of radiation biologists and ecologists to provide reliable radioecology data and gives insight into future radioprotection. The book examines the environmental pollution and radiation exposure, and contains valuable data from abandoned livestock in the ex-evacuation zone and from wild animals including invertebrates and vertebrates, aqueous and terrestrial animals, and plants that are subjected to long-term exposure in the area still affected by radiation. It also analyzes dose evaluation, and offers new perspectives gained from the accident, as well as an overview for future studies to promote radioprotection of humans and the ecosystem. Since the biological impact of radiation is influenced by various factors, it is difficult to scientifically define the effects of low-dose/low-dose-rate radiation. However, the detailed research data presented can be combined with the latest scientific and technological advances, such as artificial intelligence, to provide new insights in the future. This book is a unique and valuable resource for researchers, professionals and anyone interested in the impact of exposure to radiation or contamination with radioactive materials.