This book contains the full papers presented at the MICCAI 2014 workshop on Computational Methods and Clinical Applications for Spine Imaging. The workshop brought together scientists and clinicians in the field of computational spine imaging. The chapters included in this book present and discuss the new advances and challenges in these fields, using several methods and techniques in order to address more efficiently different and timely applications involving signal and image acquisition, image processing and analysis, image segmentation, image registration and fusion, computer simulation, image based modeling, simulation and surgical planning, image guided robot assisted surgical and image based diagnosis. The book also includes papers and reports from the first challenge on vertebra segmentation held at the workshop.

This book gives an overview of recent developments in RS and SERS for sensing and biosensing considering also limitations, possibilities and prospects of this technique. Raman scattering (RS) is a widely used vibrational technique providing highly specific molecular spectral patterns. A severe limitation for the application of this spectroscopic technique lies in the low cross section of RS. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy overcomes this problem by 6-11 orders of magnitude enhancement compared with the standard RS for molecules in the close vicinity of certain rough metal surfaces. Thus, SERS combines molecular fingerprint specificity with potential single-molecule sensitivity. Due to the recent development of new SERS-active substrates, labeling and derivatization chemistry as well as new instrumentations, SERS became a very promising tool for many varied applications, including bioanalytical studies and sensing. Both intrinsic and extrinsic SERS biosensing schemes have been employed to detect and identify small molecules, nucleic acids and proteins, and also for cellular and in vivo sensing.

Dr. Robert Gore (co-editor of Textbook of Gastrointestinal Radiology) has assembled an expert panel of authors on the topic of The Acute Abdomen. Articles will include: Evaluating the patient with right upper quadrant pain; Evaluating the patient with left upper quadrant pain; Evaluating the patient with right lower quadrant pain; Evaluating the patient with left lower quadrant pain; Acute pancreatitis; Acute disorders of the abdominal aorta; Bowel obstruction; Bowel ischemia; Acute infectious and inflammatory enterocolitides; Acute urinary tract disorders; Acute gynecologic disorders; Evaluating the acute abdomen in the pregnant patient; MR evaluation of the acute, non-traumatic abdomen in adolescents and adults; and more!

This book provides the reader with a multidisciplinary approach that is state of the art and reflects input from the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society and the North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society. In particular, the text focuses on the pathophysiology of neuroendocrine tumors and includes a comprehensive review of the most recent developments in understanding the complex hormone and receptor signaling that is important for the future development of potent pharmacological treatments. The volume reviews the pathological grading and staging systems providing useful clinical information for the treating clinician as well as a useful reference for pathologists. The clinical management of neuroendocrine tumors is reviewed enabling the treating physician to understand the diagnostic approaches to differentiating the various types of neuroendocrine tumors. In addition, the treatments are reviewed in great detail and include novel radiological, surgical, and chemotherapeutic approaches. The reader will utilize this book as both a comprehensive and quick reference guide through the use of diagnostic and treatment algorithms. Written by international experts in their particular field of study, Management of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors will be of great value to medical oncologists, endocrinologists, gastroenterologists, pathologists, surgeons, and diagnostic and interventional radiologists.

Editor Deborah Shatzkes and authors review important areas in Craniofacial Trauma. Articles will include: Optimizing craniofacial CT technique, Orbital and facial fractures, Orbital and facial soft tissue injuries, Skull base fractures and their complications, Temporal bone trauma, Pediatric considerations in craniofacial trauma, Cerebrovascular trauma, Surgical perspectives in craniofacial trauma, and more!

Although the capabilities of computer image analysis do not yet match those of the human visual system, recent developments have made great progress towards tackling the challenges posed by the perceptual analysis of images.

This unique text/reference highlights a selection of important, practical applications of advanced image analysis methods for medical images. The book covers the complete methodology for processing, analysing and interpreting diagnostic results of sample computed tomography (CT) images. The text also presents significant problems related to new approaches and paradigms in image understanding and semantic image analysis. To further engage the reader, example source code is provided for the implemented algorithms in the described solutions.

Topics and features: describes the most important methods and algorithms used for image analysis, including holistic and syntactic methods; examines the fundamentals of cognitive computer image analysis for computer-aided diagnosis and semantic image description, introducing the cognitive resonance model; presents original approaches for the semantic analysis of CT perfusion and CT angiography images of the brain and carotid artery; discusses techniques for creating 3D visualisations of large datasets, and efficient and reliable algorithms for 3D rendering; reviews natural user interfaces in medical imaging systems, covering innovative Gesture Description Language technology; concludes with a summary of significant developments in advanced image recognition techniques and their practical applications, along with possible directions for future research.

This cutting-edge work is an invaluable practical resource for researchers and professionals interested in medical informatics, computer-aided diagnosis, computer graphics, and intelligent information systems.

This book discusses a novel and high-rate-capable micro pattern gaseous detector of the Micromegas (MICRO-MEsh GAS detector) type. It provides a detailed characterization of the performance of Micromegas detectors on the basis of measurements and simulations, along with an in-depth examination of analysis and reconstruction methods. The accurate and efficient detection of minimum ionizing particles in high-rate background environments is demonstrated. The excellent performance determined here for these lightweight detectors will make possible the live medical imaging of a patient during ion-beam treatment.

This textbook summarizes the basic knowledge of atomic, nuclear, and radiation physics that professionals working in medical physics and biomedical engineering need for efficient and safe use of ionizing radiation in medicine. Concentrating on the underlying principles of radiation physics, the textbook covers the prerequisite knowledge for medical physics courses on the graduate and post-graduate levels in radiotherapy physics, radiation dosimetry, imaging physics, and health physics, thus providing the link between elementary undergraduate physics and the intricacies of four medical physics specialties: diagnostic radiology physics, nuclear medicine physics, radiation oncology physics, and health physics. To recognize the importance of radiation dosimetry to medical physics three new chapters have been added to the 14 chapters of the previous edition. Chapter 15 provides a general introduction to radiation dosimetry. Chapter 16 deals with absolute radiation dosimetry systems that establish absorbed dose or some other dose related quantity directly from the signal measured by the dosimeter. Three absolute dosimetry techniques are known and described in detail: (i) calorimetric; (ii) chemical (Fricke), and (iii) ionometric. Chapter 17 deals with relative radiation dosimetry systems that rely on a previous dosimeter calibration in a known radiation field. Many relative radiation dosimetry systems have been developed to date and four most important categories used routinely in medicine and radiation protection are described in this chapter: (i) Ionometric dosimetry; (ii) Luminescence dosimetry; (iii) Semiconductor dosimetry; and (iv) Film dosimetry. The book is intended as a textbook for a radiation physics course in academic medical physics graduate programs as well as a reference book for candidates preparing for certification examinations in medical physics sub-specialties. It may also be of interest to many professionals, not only physicists, who in their daily occupations deal with various aspects of medical physics or radiation physics and have a need or desire to improve their understanding of radiation physics.

This book provides an overview on the critical role of diagnostic imaging in the assessment of patients with suspected alimentary tract perforation, an emergent condition that requires prompt surgery. With the aid of numerous high-quality images, it is described how different imaging modalities, including plain film X-ray, ultrasonography and multidetector row computed tomography (MDCT), permit correct diagnosis of the presence and cause of the perforation and of associated pathologies. Particular attention is paid to MDCT, with full description of its role in a range of scenarios at various levels of the alimentary tract. Imaging of GI tract perforation in different patient groups, such as pediatric patients, the elderly and oncologic patients, is also addressed. This volume will greatly assist residents in radiology, radiologists and physicians who are daily involved in the management of patients with clinically suspected alimentary tract perforation.

State of the Art CT and MR Imaging of Coronary Artery Disease and the Myocardial Ischemic Cascade is covered extensively in this issue of Radiologic Clinics. Articles will include: Imaging Coronary Artery Disease and the Myocardial Ischemic Cascade; CT Imaging of Coronary Artery Plaque; Coronary CT Angiography in Clinical Practice; Beyond Stenosis Detection: CT Approaches for Determining the Functional Relevance of Coronary Artery Disease; CT Assessment of Coronary Artery Disease; Cardiac CT for the Evaluation of the Acute Chest Pain Syndrome; Current State of the Art Cardiovascular MRI Techniques for Assessment of Ischemic Heart Disease; Global and Regional Functional Assessment of Ischemic Heart Disease with Cardiac MRI; MRI of the Coronary Vasculature: Imaging the Lumen, Wall and Beyond; Delayed Enhanced Viability Imaging: Techniques and Clinical Applications; Tissue Characterization of the Left Ventricular Myocardium: State of the Art Techniques and Emerging Clinical Utility; Stress Cardiac MRI: the Role of Stress Functional Assessment and Perfusion Imaging in the Evaluation of Ischemic Heart Disease, and much more!

Gastrointestinal Imaging presents a comprehensive review of gastrointestinal pathologies commonly encountered by practicing radiologists and residents in training. Chapters are organized by organ system and include the Pharynx and Esophagus, Stomach, Small Bowel, Appendix, Colon, Anorectum, Liver, Gallbladder, Bile Ducts, Pancreas, Spleen, Peritoneum, Mesentery, and Abdominal Wall, and a chapter on multisystem disorders. Part of the Rotations in Radiology series, this book offers a guided approach to imaging diagnosis with examples of all imaging modalities complimented by the basics of interpretation and technique and the nuances necessary to arrive at the best diagnosis. Each pathology is covered with a targeted discussion that reviews the definition, clinical features, anatomy and physiology, imaging techniques, differential diagnosis, clinical issues, key points, and further reading. This organization is ideal for trainees' use during specific rotations and for exam review, or as a quick refresher for the established gastrointestinal imager.

Guest edited by Drs. Gabriela Gayer and Douglas Katz, this issue of Radiologic Clinics concentrates on iatrogenic conditions of the chest, abdomen and pelvis. Articles include: Treatment of Aortic Aneurysms; Bariatric Surgical Procedures, Repeat Cesarean Deliveries; Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery; Abdominal and Pelvic Viscera; Abdominal, Pelvic Surgical and Post-procedural Foreign Bodies; Thorax; Kidneys, Ureters, and Bladder; Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Stenting, and Intubation; Complications of Optical Colonoscopy; and much more!

This book investigates the design of devices, systems, and circuits for medical applications using the two recently established frequency bands: ultra-wideband (3.1-10.6 GHz) and 60 GHz ISM band. These two bands provide the largest bandwidths available for communication technologies and present many attractive opportunities for medical applications. The applications of these bands in healthcare are wireless body area network (WBAN), medical imaging, biomedical sensing, wearable and implantable devices, fast medical device connectivity, video data transmission, and vital signs monitoring. The recent technological advances and developments proposed or used in medicine based on these two bands are covered. The book introduces possible solutions and design techniques to efficiently implement these systems in medical environment. All individual chapters are written by leading experts in their fields. Contributions by authors are on various applications of ultra-wideband and the 60 GHz ISM band including circuit implementation, UWB and 60 GHz signal transmission around and in- body, antenna design solution, hardware implementation of body sensors, UWB transceiver design, 60 GHz transceiver design, UWB radar for contactless respiratory monitoring, and ultra-wideband based medical Imaging. The book will be a key resource for medical professionals, bio-medical engineers, and graduate and senior undergraduate students in computer, electrical, electronic and biomedical engineering disciplines.

This issue of PET Clinics examines PET/CT Imaging in Tracers Beyond FDG. Article include standardization and quantification in PET/CT imaging: tracers beyond FDG; 18F NaF PET/CT imaging; 18F NaF PET/CT imaging in pediatrics; choline PET/CT imaging for the head and neck, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis; DOPA PET/CT imaging for the head and neck, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis; 68 GaSSRTs PET/CT imaging for the head and neck, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis; FLT PET/CT imaging for the head and neck, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis; hypoxia tracers; PET/MRI tracers beyond FDG: current status and future aspects; PET/CT normal variations: effect of novel quantitative approaches; and more!

The book covers novel strategies of state of the art in engineering and clinical analysis and approaches for analyzing abdominal imaging, including lung, mediastinum, pleura, liver, kidney and gallbladder. In the last years the imaging techniques have experienced a tremendous improvement in the diagnosis and characterization of the pathologies that affect abdominal organs. In particular, the introduction of extremely fast CT scanners and high Magnetic field MR Systems allow imaging with an exquisite level of detail the anatomy and pathology of liver, kidney, pancreas, gallbladder as well as lung and mediastinum. Moreover, thanks to the development of powerful computer hardware and advanced mathematical algorithms the quantitative and automated\semi automated diagnosis of the pathology is becoming a reality. Medical image analysis plays an essential role in the medical imaging field, including computer-aided diagnosis, organ/lesion segmentation, image registration, and image-guided therapy. This book will cover all the imaging techniques, potential for applying such imaging clinically, and offer present and future applications as applied to the abdomen and thoracic imaging with the most world renowned scientists in these fields. The main aim of this book is to help advance scientific research within the broad field of abdominal imaging. This book focuses on major trends and challenges in this area, and it presents work aimed to identify new techniques and their use in medical imaging analysis for abdominal imaging.

White matter lesions have been always challenging for general as well as neuroradiologits. Any disease process in the brain or body can affect white matter, making it very difficult to pinpoint the diagnosis. However the application of the proper algorithmic approach, pattern of distribution, and study of the morphology of these lesions makes it possible to limit the differential diagnosis and, many times, pinpoint specific diagnosis.?Advancement of various imaging techniques predominately in MR (MR spectroscopy, MR perfusion, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). functional MR) along with PET has further improved our understanding of these disease processes. However, most of these techniques are new and not well understood by every physician. This issue will cover the topics necessary to master these techniques.

Diagnosis of benign liver tumors is experiencing exponential growth, mainly owing to the diffusion of more accurate imaging techniques. This monograph examines the epidemiology, histopathology and genetics of these tumors and provides a systematic overview of their evolution and differential diagnosis. Care is taken to document surgical indications accurately, with a view to assisting in the avoidance of useless interventions. Open, laparoscopic and robotic surgical techniques are described and illustrated, emphasizing the optimization of intra- and postoperative management in order to avoid potential complications and degeneration. In these chapters, attention is drawn to the ways in which the surgical management of benign liver tumors differs from that of malignant tumors. The book concludes by examining the role of interventional radiology in patients with benign liver tumors.

This issue of Radiologic Clinics will focus on the essentials of thoracic imaging. Topics include lung cancer screening and staging systems, radiation dose techniques, nodule characterization, PET/CT in the thorax, MDCT and MR evaluation of thoracic aorta, pulmonary emboli and perfusion imaging, interstital pneumonias, emphysema and airway imaging, post-operative chest, and thoracic infections in the immunocompromised host. "...articles are richly illustrated with high quality images and tables as well as important references." Reviewed by Sven-Goran Fransson on behalf of Acta Radiologica, March 2015

This volume provides stepwise instructions for the analysis of numerous clinically important analytes by mass spectrometry. Mass spectrometry offers clinical laboratory scientists a number of advantages including increased sensitivity and specificity, multiple component analysis, and no need for specialized reagents. The techniques described are a must for the measurement of many clinically relevant analytes in the fields of drug analysis, endocrinology, and inborn errors of metabolism. Each chapter provides a brief introduction about a specified analyte, followed by detailed instructions on the analytical protocol. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting edge and practical, Clinical Applications of Mass Spectrometry in Biomolecular Analysis: Methods and Protocols is a great resource for clinical laboratory scientists who are already using or thinking of bringing mass spectrometry to their laboratories.

Endovascular neurosurgery is a recently introduced but rapidly evolving medical field, which uses minimally invasive interventions to treat major life-threatening vascular lesions of the Central Nervous System. Although its history counts less than 15 years of worldwide acceptance, it has rapidly displaced the traditional open neurosurgical techniques, being nowadays the first treatment choice for brain aneurysms and vascular malformations. Thus, the experience of each neuroendovascular center and performer is invaluable, offering the base for learning and teaching the new generation of interventionalists as well as for the evolvement of the method itself. This book presents the basic principles of endovascular neurosurgery starting from clinical cases. Through this close-to-clinical-reality-process, the reader will be able to more thoroughly understand the pathophysiology of the brain and spine vascular lesions as well as the decision-making strategy, related to the indications, endovascular methods and results, finding suggestions and solutions to his/her clinical questions and problems. Besides chapters devoted to CNS vascular embryology and anatomy, clinical cases organized in groups based on the treated lesions are introduced: ruptured and unruptured cerebral aneurysms of the anterior and posterior circulation, side-wall and bifurcation aneurysms, arteriovenous malformations (AVM), dural arteriovenous fistulae (dAVF), arterial stenosis and angioplasty as well as spinal vascular lesions. A separate chapter is devoted to the organization and necessary equipment of the angio room and the department offering neuroendovascular service. This volume will be of interest to neurosurgeons, interventional neuroradiologists, vascular surgeons, neurologists and ICU physicians as well as health care providers who are involved in the diagnosis and management of the vascular lesions of the brain and spine.

This book provides a cohesive overview of the current technological advances in computational radiology, and their applications in orthopaedic interventions. Contributed by the leading researchers in the field, this volume covers not only basic computational radiology techniques such as statistical shape modeling, CT/MRI segmentation, augmented reality and micro-CT image processing, but also the applications of these techniques to various orthopaedic interventional tasks. Details about following important state-of-the-art development are featured: 3D preoperative planning and patient-specific instrumentation for surgical treatment of long-bone deformities, computer assisted diagnosis and planning of periacetabular osteotomy and femoroacetabular impingement, 2D-3D reconstruction-based planning of total hip arthroplasty, image fusion for computer-assisted bone tumor surgery, intra-operative three-dimensional imaging in fracture treatment, augmented reality based orthopaedic interventions and education, medical robotics for musculoskeletal surgery, inertial sensor-based cost-effective surgical navigation, and computer assisted hip resurfacing using patient-specific instrument guides. Edited and authored by leading researchers in the field, this work is an essential reference for biomedical engineers, computer scientists and orthopaedic surgeons to develop or use computational radiology approaches for orthopaedic surgery and interventions.

Guest edited by Theodore Dubinsky and Neeraj Lalwani, this issue of Radiologic Clinics will examine the latest developments and best practices for female pelvic imaging. Topics include MR Imaging of Urethra and Peri-urethral Disorders, Placenta Evaluation on MR, Imaging of Female Infertility, Obstetric Complications, Imaging of Acute Abdomen in Pregnancy, Gestational Trophoblastic Disease, Updates in 3D Pelvic Sonography, Role of Interventional Procedures in Ob/Gyn, Ovarian Cystic Lesions, Gynecological Malignancies, PET Imaging for Malignancies, and MR Imaging of Pelvic Floor Dysfunction.

This issue discusses imaging techniques for common and important lower extremity injuries and conditions. Femoral acetabular impingement, soft tissue pathology around the hip, meniscal injuries and imaging the postoperative meniscus, the neglected corners of the knee (posterolateral / posteromedial corner injuries), the extensor mechanism from top to bottom, cysts and bursa around the knee, ligamentous injuries of the ankle and foot, medial longitudinal arch of the foot, ankle impingement syndromes, imaging of the forefoot, overuse injuries of the lower extremity, imaging of total hip and knee arthroplasties are all reviewed. Additionally, the application of advanced imaging techniques in evaluation of the lower extremity is discussed.

Dating Neurological Injury: A Forensic Guide for Radiologists, Other Expert Medical Witnesses, and Attorneys presents a unique way to approach the dating of neurological injury as imaged by modern computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR) and ultrasound (US). Chapters are presented in a logical progression beginning with the general appearance of normal brain and progressing to the way abnormalities manifest themselves. The emphasis in these discussions is on the appearance of edema and of hemorrhage, as these two findings are the brain's most common response to injury. This volume presents in a systematic fashion the principles involved in the interpretation of images of the central nervous system specifically in a medical-legal setting where concern exists about the occurrence and timing of an injury. Dating Neurological Injury: A Forensic Guide for Radiologists, Other Expert Medical Witnesses, and Attorneys is a welcome addition to institutional, medical, and legal libraries, and to the personal libraries of malpractice defense and plaintiff lawyers and physicians in the neurosciences (neurosurgery, neurology, neuropathology, and neuroradiology) involved in medical-legal issues.

Imaging plays a key role in the diagnosis and treatment of athletic injuries. This issue focuses on athletic injuries of the upper extremity, and best-practices approach to imaging these areas. Shoulder injuries are given their own review, as are football injuries to the upper extremity, throwing injuries to the upper extremity, and injuries associated with club and racquet sports. Use of MR Imaging in particular is discussed for the labrum and elbow, and MR Arthrography of the upper extremity is reviewed. Wrist and hand injuries are discussed in detail in separate articles, and imaging of the pediatric athlete is addressed as well.