The eontinual growth of radiologie information makes it inereas- ingly diffieult for the praetitioner to maintain eurrent clinieal knowledge. Radiologie textbooks eontaining mueh material for the praetieing clinieian are often impossible to review thoroughly. Such radiographie texts deseribing the hand as a window to the understanding of systemie disease are available, but there has been an absence of books whieh present an easily assimilated synopsis of this material. Professor Thijn has elegantly presented all the major and many minor features of diseases and eonditions that affeet the skeleton, using hand roentgenograms as a window. He has also included numerous illustrations of key assoeiated roentgeno- graphie manifestations elsewhere in the body. His organized pre- sentation of eaeh entity, including introductory remarks, radio- graphie findings in the hand and other sites, differential diagno- sis, and key referenees, forms a strueture through whieh an ap- propriate evaluation of a clinieal ease may be made. The eoneise synopsis of eaeh disease entity, weIl illustrated by superb roentgenograms, provides an exeellent strueture for both the student first learning about such eonditions and the praetitioner researehing an explanation for partieular roentgeno- graphie findings. Professor Thijn has attempted, and I believe has sueeeeded admirably, to provide a souree from whieh a student or praeti- tioner of radiology may readily arrive at a differential diagnosis of an observed radiographie feature. LOUIS A. GILULA, M.D.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Multimodal Brain Image Analysis, held in conjunction with MICCAI 2012, in Nice, France, in October 2012. The 19 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The objective of this workshop is to forward the state of the art in analysis methodologies, algorithms, software systems, validation approaches, benchmark datasets, neuroscience, and clinical applications.

Proceedings of the 9th Conference, Washington D.C., 10-14 June 1985 Sponsored by the Clinical Center and the Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA

This atlas is a selection of roentgenograms of patients who visited the radiology departments at the University Hospital in Leiden between 1970 and 1978, the Free University Hospital in Amsterdam in 1979, and the radiology department at the Indiana University Medical School in Indianapolis in 1977. The most common radiological abnormalities of the small intestine are illustrated clearly, unhindered by flocculation or segmentation of the contrast fluid. The authors believe this book is a definite contribution to the goal of precise early small bowel diagnosis. However, the key to good diagnosis is not only a superb examination technique, but also the knowledge, the character, and the personal perfectionism of the physician. If these factors are optimal, then the best possible roentgenographic series will be obtained - at least as far as the technique is concerned. All patients illustrated here were examined by using the enteroclysis technique. With this method of small bowel examination, the contrast fluid is administered via an infusion directly into the duodenum instead of orally. The infusion method has added a new dimension to the usual radiological examination of the small intestine. This method is also especially suited for the comparative evaluation of motility, and the study of disturbed motility. Throughout the course of the examination, the technique can be adapted to special situations at any given moment and can be modified to produce precise diagnostic roentgenograms and diagnosis.

There are two important reasons for publishing this new series entitled "Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery": 1. the lack of any organized common European postgraduate training system for young neurosurgeons and 2. the language barriers, which impede the exchange of neurosurgical findings in Europe more than in other parts of the world. The fact that the English language is well on the way to becoming the international medium at European scientific conferences is a great asset in terms of mutual understanding. Therefore the Editors have decided to publish all contributions III English, regardless of the native language of the authors. All contributions are submitted to the entire editorial board before publication of any volume. Our series is not intended to compete with the publications of original scientific papers in other neurosurgical journals. Our intention is, rather, to present fields of neurosurgery and related areas in which important recent advances have been made. The contributions are written by specialists in the given fields and constitute the first part of each volume. In the second part of each volume, we publish detailed descriptions of standard operative procedures, furnished by experienced clinicians; in these articles the authors describe the techniques they employ and explain the advantages, difficulties and risks involved in the various procedures. This part is intended primarily to assist young neurosurgeons in their postgraduate training. However, we are convinced that it will also be useful to experienced, fully trained neurosurgeons.

J.J. Broerse, Radiobiological Institute TNO, Rijswijk, The Netherlands, and T .J. MacVittie, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA. During the past decade, relatively few new studies have been initiated on the response of different species to high-dose, total-body irradia- tion. For information on the LDSO/30d (the dose which produces 50 percent lethality within 30 days), one is generally referred to the older literature (e. g., Bond, Fliedner and Archambeau, 1965). Compari- son of experimental data reveals considerable variations in LDSD values even after total-body irradiation with conventional X rays, ranging from 4 to 6 Gy in the monkey, 7.1 to 9 Gy in the rat and from 6.4 to 9 Gy in the mouse (see also Hall, 1978). Part of the discrepancy in the LDso values can possibly be attributed to inadequacies in the dosimetry procedures and exposure arrangements employed. As far as clinical experience is concerned, there is now an appreciable amount of information available about the effect of total- body irradiation as a conditioning treatment for bone marrow transplan- tation in patients suffering from leukaemia or aplastic anaemia. The results from different centres, including the incidence of complications such as radiation pneumonitis, are considerably different. This can part I y be connected with the application of different radiation sched- ules: large single dose versus fractionated or protracted irradiation.

As an addition to the European postgraduate training system for young neurosurgeons we began to publish in 1974 this series devoted to Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery which was later sponsored by the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies. The fact that the English language is well on the way to becoming the international medium at European scientific conferences is a great asset in terms of mutual understanding. Therefore we have decided to publish all contributions in English, regardless of the native language of the authors. All contributions are submitted to the entire editorial board before publication of any volume. is not intended to compete with the publications of original Our series scientific papers in other neurosurgical journals. Our intention is, rather, to present fields of neurosurgery and related areas in which important recent advances have been made. The contributions are written by specialists in the given fields and constitute the first part of each volume. In the second part of each volume, we publish detailed descriptions of standard operative procedures, furnished by experienced clinicians; in these articles the authors describe the techniques they employ and explain the advantages, difficulties and risks involved in the various procedures. This part is intended primarily to assist young neurosurgeons in their post graduate training. However, we are convinced that it will also be useful to experienced, fully trained neurosurgeons."

There are two important reasons for commencing this new series of publi cations entitled "Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery" 1. the lack of any organized common European postgraduate training system for young neurosurgeons and 2. the language barriers, which impede the exchange of neuro surgical findings in Europe more than in other parts of the world. The fact that the English language is well on the way to becoming the international medium at European scientific conferences is a great asset in terms of mutual understanding. Therefore the Editors have decided to publish all contributions in English, regardless of the native language of the authors. All contributions are submitted to the entire editorial board before publi cation of any volume. Our series is not intended to compete with the publications of original scientific papers in other neurosurgical journals. Our intention is, rather, to present fields of neurosurgery and related areas in which important recent advances have been made. The contributions will be written by specialists in the given fields and will constitute the first part of each volume."

Angiocardiography has undergone tremendous development. It currently repre- sents the imaging system offering the highest resolution and greatest detail information. A widely applicable, complex technique able to meet high standards was required by the increasing number of coronary bypass interventions as well as by the advent of interventional catheter techniques, such as transluminal per- cutaneous catheter balloon dilatation, recanalization techniques, and intracoro- nary thrombolytic procedures. At the same time, improved image resolution began to furnish information on intracoronary flow dynamics and anatomy, thereby opening a new avenue of acquiring prognostically and therapeutically important pathophysiologic information. In spite of rapid improvements in the equipment, there are still demands for improved resolution, image quality, and methods of image processing. In this situation, the need was felt to describe the current status of equipment, angiocardiographic systems, image intensifiers, photographic materials, and processing techniques. Furthermore, the attempt was made to describe evalua- tion techniques using manual or computer-assisted semi- or fully automated procedures to estimate left ventricular volumes, ventricular mass, cardiac func- tion, anatomy, and flow dynamics of the coronary arterial system. This book assembles original work presented at a symposium held by the European Soci- ety of Cardiology, the Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Herz-und Kreisiaufforschung, and the Deutsche Gesellschaft fUr Biomedizinische Technik. It was the aim of the symposium to outline the current state of the art and to define a process for further improvement.

The purpose of this book is to explain the current state of the art in radiological examination, interpretation, and understanding of colonic disease. The radiologic aspects of colon disease are combined here with clinical information to serve both beginners and advanced students. Major emphasis has been placed on technique for those radiologists, residents, and technologists first undertaking modern gastrointestinal radiographic techniques. The essentials of technique are stressed so that the reader obtains a clear understanding of colon disease based on sound practical information. We believe this book is a thorough and practical text of particular interest to clinical radiologists and gastroenterologists in their everyday practice, and also for teachers, residents and medical students. Digital examination and sigmoidoscopy are the first procedures in examination of the colon. Then, the radiologic examination is the next most important procedure. Endoscopy and biopsy play a compli mentary role to the radiological examination. The barium enema reveals quickly and early the overall status of the colon and it can then guide endoscopy and biopsy together with subsequent treatment. Surely, if the lesion is not detected our clinical, radiologic, endoscopic, and therapeutic skills are of no use."

This book is intended as a short guide to the visualization of the anatomy of the normal brain by means of the NMR tomogram. The first section comprises a brief introduction to the physical and technical aspects of NMR. This is followed by the atlas section, which pursues a number of objectives. On the basis of two important NMR imaging techniques, the spin-echo technique and the inversion-recovery technique, those experi enced in CT are given the opportunity to familiarize themselves with the differences in tissue contrast that exist in NMR scans despite their appar ent similarity to conventional CT scans. The mode of action of the two NMR imaging techniques is explained in the technical introduction. An additional innovation is the possibility of producing sections that are not, as in CT scanning, limited by the body of the patient. The sagittal and frontal sections parallel to the plane of the face can show an unfamiliar, but particularly clear, image of the anatomy of the head and brain com pared with conventional horizontal sections. An anatomical description accompanying every section is provided by way of clarification. A particular advantage of NMR imaging, namely, the absence of ionizing radiation and, thus, an injurious effect on biological systems (Budinger 1981), makes it possible to provide a systematic visualization of a healthy human brain in a living person in three planes, arranged at right angles to one another."

In thc space of ooly a few years, reconstructive surgery of the skeleton of the hand has become a foeus of attention. Thc reason for this has been the advent of principles and techniques of stable internal fixation, tbc unparaJleled advantages of which are particularly evident in the treatment of the complex, multi- structural lesions so typical of injuries of the hand, and also in procedures such as replantation or revascularisatioss. What a striking contrast on the other hand is to be seen in the slow and painful progress made in Dur understanding of the biomechanics of the radiocarpal joint! This is most elo- quently ilIustrated by the embryonie state of prosthetic surgery of the wrist, compared with the sophisticatcd advances made in hip and knee surgery. Yet it is undeniable that painful condi- tions involving dysfunctions of the wrist are increasing in number and affect young people in particular; this should spur us on to seek more effective therapeutic solutions.

It Itis is 1984, 1984, a a year year immortalized immortalizedby by George GeorgeOrwell Orwell some some35 35 year year ago. ago. In In 1949, 1949, he he prophesized prophesized a a world worlddominated dominated by by television television images images and andelectronic electronic communica communica tions. Orwell's vision of an incredible technologic revolution is the reality of the tions. Orwell'svisionofanincredibletechnologicrevolutionistherealityofthe 1980's. 1980's. Over Over the the past past three threedecades, decades, this this technical technicalexplosion explosion has has impacted impacted on on all all levels levelsof of society, society, including including the the practice practice of ofMedicine. Medicine. In 1949, the cardiologist had available to him only his stethoscope, the chest In1949, thecardiologisthadavailabletohimonlyhisstethoscope, thechest roentgenogram, roentgenogram, the theelectrocardiogram, electrocardiogram, and and his hisclinical clinical astuteness. astuteness. In In 1984, 1984, the the cardiologist still requires great clinical skills, but also has available to him echo cardiologiststillrequiresgreatclinicalskills, butalsohasavailabletohimecho cardiography, cardiography, radionuclide radionuclideperfusion perfusion and and functional functional tests, tests, digital digital radiography, radiography, computed computed tomography, tomography, positron positronemission emission tomography, tomography, and and nuclear nuclearmagnetic magnetic resonance resonanceimaging. imaging. These These imaging imagingmodalities modalities are are the theresult result of ofthe the development developmentof of the the digital digitalcomputer, computer, and and the theexplosive explosive advances advances in in microelectronics. microelectronics. Cardiac Cardiac imaging imaginghas has rapidly rapidlyevolved evolved into intoa a specialized specialized area area of of interest interestshared shared by by cardiolo cardiolo gists, radiologists, engineers, physicists, and statisticians. Our book, Digital gists, radiologists, engineers, physicists, andstatisticians."

One of the first applications of ultrasound was in submarine sonar equip ment. Since then ultrasound has found increasing applications, particularly in industry, but increasingly in biomedicine. For many years ultrasound has been used in physical therapy, although only in the past decade or two has it evolved from laboratory curiosity to a well-established diagnostic imaging modality. Ultrasound is now a widely accepted, indeed pervasive, diagnos tic and therapeutic tool in the medical field, and its applications are increasing rapidly. Our intent in developing this book is to provide a coherent tutorial intro duction to the field of medical ultrasound at a level suitable for those en tering the area from either medical or scientific backgrounds. The topics discussed should be of interest to nearly all medical and health care per sonnel needing to understand or operate ultrasonic devices, including clini cians, medical technicians, physiotherapists, medical physicists, and other biomedical scientists interested in the field. The book opens with a description of the basic principles of propagating acoustic waves, explains how they interact with a wide range of biological systems, and outlines the effects they produce. To provide practical infor mation to operators of ultrasound equipment, we have included thorough coverage of the details of ultrasonic instrumentation and measurement techniques, and set forth the framework for an effective quality assurance program."

7 Les Houches The purpose of this workshop was to bring together, for the first time, active scientists from very different fields, such as physics, chemistry, physiology and the behavioural sciences, all having a common interest: The interac tion of static magnetic fields with biological and macromolecular matter. As physicists, biologists and medical scientists naturally have different scientific competences, attitudes and abilities, this appeared to be an enterprise of un certain issue. However, it turned out that all participants tried to find (and many succeeded in reaching) a mutual basis of understanding. Thanks to a fair number of outstanding, comprehensive talks and to very active discus sions, most of us, we believe, have substantially enlarged our insight into the actual hard facts within a research area that was considered for a long time - and still remains in many aspects - somewhat controversial. The perhaps most striking and useful reaction to magnetic fields at the supermolecular level is the alignment of biopolymers, proteins, viruses, large assemblies such as retinal rods and membranes when suspended in a solvent, usually water. The ease of alignment depends on the anisotropy of the dia magnetic susceptibility of the constituent groups and bonds and, in addition, on the extent of their mutual orientational order inside a macromolecular assembly. Here very strong fields above I-lOT appear to be necessary, in general, to achieve measurable alignment."

This book has been assembled from the radiographic and photo graphic records of patients presenting to craniofacial units on four continents over 7 years. It is our purpose to illustrate a wide range of craniofacial deformities with the technique of three-dimensional com puted tomography. Many topics are briefly addressed with descriptive text intended to amplify the accompanying images but not to exclude the need for more comprehensive references as recommended in the reading list of each chapter. The ability to generate three-dimensional radiographic images rep resents a successful integration of computed tomography with com puter graphics. Although this technique remains an electronic substi tute for the study of dry skull specimens, it offers a permanent pictorial record of anatomical structures with the opportunity for fu ture interactive data manipulation. It is hoped, therefore, that this work will assist others to gain a more complete understanding of disorders of the craniofacial region. We encourage other surgeons and investigators to examine and employ the techniques used to gather these images but also to ensure that standardized scanning regimens are adapted. The importance of data collection within its full anatomical context was borne out with many of our early studies, which were limited owing to computational con straints. Often an image requirement for surgical intervention is much less than an image necessary for strict scientific inquiry."

Intracranial Pressure is a linking keyword, uniting various aspects of diagnostics and treatment of hydrocephalus, head injury, subarachnoid haemorrhage, and brain ischaemia. This volume contains selected papers presented at the XIth International Symposium on Intracranial Pressure and Brain Biochemical Monitoring, held in Cambridge, UK, in July 2000. Various clinical and experimental methodologies are discussed including multiparameter brain biochemical monitoring (including brain oxygenation, microdialysis and novel imaging techniques), assessment of cerebral autoregulation, measurement of brain compliance, etc. This state-of-the-art volume introduces neuroscientists into a world of new techniques, models, monitoring modalities but also theories and new concepts, which highlight directions for the further research and future clinical practice.

The idea for this treatise on the radiological anatomy of superficial and deep spinal cord vasculature evolved from daily routine neuroradiological work. This was also the reason for subdividing the monograph into a postmortem anatomical and a clinical part. The actual importance of a clear conception of radio anatomic fundamentals was made clear by many clinical conferences with neurologists, neurosurgeons and orthopedists, where a lack of knowledge about medullary syndromes of suspected vascular origin became evident. Also among neuroradiologists there is still widespread uncertainty in the interpretation of myelograms and angiographies in such cases. A study of the spinal cord's angioarchitecture is all the more justified and necessary considering the vast number of descriptions of cerebro vascular anatomy and pathology. The clinical challenge posed by patients suffering from partial or complete transverse spinal lesions has grown due to new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Myelography using water-soluble contrast media, X-ray computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and spinal angiography today allow and require both earlier and topographically and pathogenetically more exact classification of diseases of the spinal cord and its surrounding structures. Due to progress in microneurosurgery and interventional neuroradiology, even intramedullary lesions have become more and more accessible and treatable. Therefore this monograph mainly addresses those concerned with invasive therapeutic techniques and who are familiar with the interpretation of radio anatomic findings. A comprehensive description of medullary vascular syndromes would be beyond the scope of this treatise."

There are two important reasons for publishing this new series entitled "Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery" 1. the lack of anyor ganized common European postgraduate training system for young neurosurgeons and 2. the language barriers, which impede the exchange of neurosurgical findings in Europe more than in other parts of the world. The fact that the English language is well on the way to becoming the international medium at European scientific conferences is a great asset in terms of mutual understanding. Therefore the Editors have decided to publish all contributions in English, regardless of the native language of the authors. All contributions are submitted to the entire editorial board before publi cation of any volume. Our series is not intended to compete with the publications of original scientific papers in other neurosurgical journals. Our intention is, rather, to present fields of neurosurgery and related areas in which important recent advances have been made. The contributions are written by specialists in the given fields and constitute the first part of each volume. In the second part of each volume, we publish detailed descriptions of standard operative procedures, furnished by experienced clinicians; in these articles the authors describe the techniques they employ and explain the advantages, difficulties and risks involved in the various procedures. This part is intended primarily to assist young neurosurgeons in their postgraduate train ing. However, we are convinced that it will also be useful to experienced, fully trained neurosurgeons."

During the past decade Positron Emission Tomography (PET) has turned from a highly sophisticated tool developed for basic research in neurology and cardiology into an advanced nuclear medicine imaging technique ready for routine use. Along with remarkable technical improvements, an overwhelming number of PET studies has been published covering not only scientific but also relevant clinical problems. Due to this rapid development, comprehensive information about the current status of 'clinical' PET is lacking. In this book the applications of PET in neurology, cardiology and oncology are discussed in separate sections. In each section, following an introduction reviewing the present clinical demands, special diagnostic problems and their possible solution by PET are addressed. Results of conventional scintigraphic techniques are also mentioned, and compared with PET. In the last section, technical aspects (e.g. instrumentation, software) are presented, including statements of representatives of leading manufacturers in the field. Clinical PET provides a critical overview of relevant applications of PET for all those who are starting to run a PET facility or are planning to do so. The book is also dedicated to interested clinicians who are willing to utilize the diagnostic potential of PET.

Bone and joint tuberculosis is common in developing countries, and surgeons in these countries are often faced with the dual problem of diagnosing and treating this disease. However, bone and joint tuberculosis has not yet completely disappeared from industrialized countries, either. Therefore, this book is also intended for orthopedic surgeons in industrialized countries, who, faced with the rare but characteristic problems posed by bone and joint tuberculosis, are searching for reliable solutions. The last comprehensive textbook on this subject appeared more than 20 years ago, and that was a third edition of a pre-war work. Advances in chemotherapy had made this edition out-of-date even before it was published. The need for a definite up-to-date textbook has therefore been acute. The present book has been written to fill that need, and is based not only upon 20 years' experience with 700 cases, but also upon the results of clinical, bacteriologic, pathologic, and therapeutic research.

Where do you begin to look for a recent, authoritative article on the diagnosis or management of a particular malignancy? The few general oncology text books are generally out of date. Single papers in specialized journals are informative but seldom comprehensive; these are more often preliminary reports on a very limited number of patients. Certain general journals frequently publish good in-depth reviews of cancer topics, and published symposium lectures are often the best overviews available. Unfortunately, these reviews and supplements appear sporadically, and the reader can never be sure when a topic of special interest will be covered. Cancer Treatment and Research is a series of authoritative volumes that aim to meet this need. It is an attempt to establish a critical mass of oncology literature covering virtually all oncology topics, revised frequently to keep the coverage up to date, and easily available on a single library shelf or by a single personal subscription. We have approached the problem in the following fashion: first, by dividing the oncology literature into specific subdivisions such as lung cancer, genitourinary cancer, pediatric oncology, etc.; and second, by asking eminent authorities in each of these areas to edit a volume on the specific topic on an annual or biannual basis. Each topic and tumor type is covered in a volume appearing frequently and predictably, discussing current diagnosis, staging, markers, all forms of treatment modalities, basic biology, and more."

Much confusion exists in the accurate identification and classification of the many disorders in infancy which affect the skeleton by producing sclerosing lesions throughout the entire skeleton or in selected areas. A scholarly effort to bring order into this confusing field must be welcomed. Professors Beighton and Cremin have skillfully defined the problem and concisely yet thoroughly have identified the various sclerosing dysplasias. They bring to this task a wealth of clinical experience in their many years in the Departments of Radiology at the University of Cape Town Medical School and the Groote Schuur and Red Cross Children's Hospitals in Cape Town, South Africa. The authors also have had available data from the University of Cape Town Skeletal Dysplasia Registry. Professors Beighton and Cremin have used as a basis for their treatise the Paris Nomenclature (the modified version of 1977). This monograph is a felicitous combination of a working atlas and a scholarly exposition of the various sclerosing bone dysplasias, considering in detail eighteen major entities adopted from the Paris classification. Other disorders which present with osteosclerosis are also described. These include Caffey disease, oculodento-osseous dysplasia, central osteosclerosis with bamboo hair, fluorosis, osteosclerosis associated with renal disease and mastocytosis.

Radiophannaceuticals labeled with short-lived radionuclides are utilized to unravel biochemical processes, and to diagnosis and treat diseases of the living body are-developed through extensive evaluation in ~iological models. 'fhC first attempt to compile information was a volume entitled ANIMAL MODELS IN RADIOTRACER DESIGN that was edited by William C. Eckelman and myself in 1983. The volume had a focus on the animal models that investigators were using in order to design radiotracers that displayed in vivo selectivity as measured by biodistribution and pharmacokinetic studies. A concern in the early days of nuclear medicine was species differences. Often a series of labeled compounds were evaluated in a several different animal models in order to gain confidence that the selected radiotracer would behave appropriately in humans. During the past 12 years there have been remarkable advances in molecular genetics, molecular biology, synthetic radiopharmaceutical chemistry, molecular modeling and visualization, and emission tomography. Biological models can now be selected that are better defined in terms of molecular aspects of the disease process. The development of high resolution PET and SPET for clinical applications facilitates the development of new radiopharmaceuticals by the use of models to quantitatively evaluate drug effects, and progression of disease, and hence to arrive at better diagnosis and treatments for animals and humans. With these advances there is an effective use of biological models, and the refinement of alternatives for the development of new radiophannaceuticals.

Where do you begin to look for a recent, authoritative article on the diagnosis or management of particular malignancy? The few general oncology textbooks are generally out of date. Single papers in specialized journals are informative but seldom comprehensive; these are more often preliminary reports on a very limited number of patients. Certain general journals frequently publish good in-depth reviews of cancer topics, and published symposium lectures are often the best overviews available. Unfortunately, these reviews and supplements appear sporadically, and the reader can never be sure when a topic of special interest will be covered. Cancer Treatment and Research is a series of authoritative volumes which aim to meet this need. It is an attempt to establish a critical mass of oncology literature covering virtually all oncology topics, revised frequently to keep the coverage up to date, easily available on a single library shelf or by a single personal subscription. We have approached the problem in the following fashion. First, by dividing the oncology literature into specific subdividions such as lung cancer, genitouri nary cancer, pediatric oncology, etc. Second, by asking eminent authorities in each of these areas to edit a volume on the specific topic on an annual or biannual basis. Each topic and tumor type is covered in a volume appearing frequently and predictably, discussing current diagnosis, staging, markers, all forms of treatment modalities, basic biology, and more."