In the past, determination of bone maturity relied on visual evaluation of skeletal development in the hand and wrist, most commonly using the Greulich and Pyle atlas. The Gilsanz and Ratib digital atlas takes advantage of digital imaging and provides a more effective and objective approach to assessment of skeletal maturity. The atlas integrates the key morphological features of ossification in the bones of the hand and wrist and provides idealized, sex- and age-specific images of skeletal development New to this revised second edition is a description and user manual for Bone Age for iPad(r), iPhone(r) and iPod touch(r), which can be purchased and used separately from this book. The App can be easily employed to calculate the deviation of the patient's age from the normal range and to predict a possible growth delay. This easy-to-use atlas and the related App will be invaluable for radiologists, endocrinologists, and pediatricians and also relevant to forensic physicians.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Information Processing in Medical Imaging, IPMI 2011, held at Kloster Irsee, Germany, in July 2011. The 24 full papers and 39 poster papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 224 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on segmentation, statistical methods, shape analysis, registration, diffusion imaging, disease progression modeling, and computer aided diagnosis. The poster sessions deal with segmentation, shape analysis, statistical methods, image reconstruction, microscopic image analysis, computer aided diagnosis, diffusion imaging, functional brain analysis, registration and other related topics.

Neurointerventional Management: Diagnosis and Treatment, Second edition has been re-titled from the original Interventional Neuroradiology reflecting the revolutionary changes occurring in this rapidly advancing field. Since the publication of the first edition, interest in neurointerventional therapy has developed at an increasing pace. New device development has expanded the range of disorders amenable to neurointerventional treatment and additional emphasis is present within medical and surgical specialities on subspecialisation in neurointerventional therapy. Physicians from all specialities involved in the care of disorders of the head, neck, and central nervous system, including neurosurgery, neuroradiology and neurology, are currently specializing in neurointerventional therapy. Neurointerventional Management: Diagnosis and Treatment, Second edition is written by a panel of today's leading experts in the field of neurointerventional therapy and edited by two neuroendovascular practitioners whose training and experience represents all three major specialties involved in neurointerventional therapy. The book is intended to provide the clinical practitioner with background information and specific descriptions of the anatomy, techniques, disorders, procedures, and decisions more commonly encountered in this field. Each chapter is illustrated with scientifically concise images, depicting pertinent neuroanatomy, imaging, neuroendovascular techniques, and related procedures. The new edition includes more diagnostic aspects of cerebrovascular disease of neurointerventional interest and discusses the treatment of disorders not covered in the first edition. Nine new chapters address increased interest in the field and provide in-depth focus on a range of new topics including normal cerebrovascular variants, non-shunting cerebrovascular malformations, the endovascular aspects of cerebrovascular disease in pregnancy, neurocritical care

Pixel detectors are a particularly important class of particle and radiation detection devices. They have an extremely broad spectrum of applications, ranging from high-energy physics to the photo cameras of everyday life. This book is a general purpose introduction into the fundamental principles of pixel detector technology and semiconductor-based hybrid pixel devices. Although these devices were developed for high-energy ionizing particles and radiation beyond visible light, they are finding new applications in many other areas. This book will therefore benefit all scientists and engineers working in any laboratory involved in developing or using particle detection.

This book offers a comprehensive review on the last development in the management and the treatment of acute and life-threatening conditions. Written by leading experts in the field, this book will help the clinician to understand the clinical problems and to select the methodological and technical options that will ensure prompt and effective response and correct interpretation of the clinical findings. This book is richly illustrated and will serve as unique source of information for radiologists and other specialists including neuroradiologists, surgeons, cardiologists, angiologists and gastroenteologists.

Contrast agents for medical ultrasound imaging is a field of growing interest. A large amount of literature has been published on the medical applications of such contrast agents. However, there is no textbook giving a broad overview of the physics and acoustics of the agents. This monograph aims to fill this gap. The book is written by a physicist, from a physics point of view, and it tries to draw links from the physics and acoustics to the medical imaging methods, but medical applications are mainly included for background information. The book consists of nine chapters. The first three chapters give a broad overview of the acoustic theory for bubble-sound interaction, both linear and nonlinear. Most contrast agents are stabilized in a shell, and this shell can have a strong influence on the interaction between the bubbles and the ultrasound. The effect of the shell is given special attention, as this is not easily found in other bubble literature. The following chapters, 4, 5, 6, and 7, describe experimental and theoretical methods used to characterize the acoustic properties of the agents, and results of studies on some agents. Chapter 8 shows how the theory and the experimental results can be combined and used to model various phenomena by means of computer simulations. The main purpose of the simulations is to get insight into the mechanisms behind the described phenomena, not to get accurate predictions and values. The book is aimed at both newcomers into the field, as well as those who are more experienced but want better insight into the acoustics of the contrast bubbles.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the Second International Conference on Information Processing in Computer-Assisted Interventions IPCAI 2011, held in Berlin, Germany, on June 22, 2011. The 17 papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 29 submissions. The focus of the conference is the use of information technology in interventional medicine, including real-time modeling and analysis, technology, human-machine interfaces, and systems associated with operating rooms and interventional suites. It also covers the overall information flow associated with intervention planning, execution, follow-up, and outcome analysis; as well as training and skill assessment for such procedures.

Special emphasis on teaching the CT technologists getting started in MDCT

This book presents important recent developments in mathematical and computational methods used in impedance imaging and the theory of composite materials. By augmenting the theory with interesting practical examples and numerical illustrations, the exposition brings simplicity to the advanced material. An introductory chapter covers the necessary basics. An extensive bibliography and open problems at the end of each chapter enhance the text.

The purpose of this book is to integrate the most re- butions and support of my colleagues and friends cent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of pedi- at The University of Texas Southwestern Medical atric bone and soft tissue sarcomas. The book is di- School,St. Jude Children's Research Hospital,and the vided into two major sections,the ?rst of which pres- Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto. In particular,I ents salient concepts in epidemiology,the impact of would like to thank Drs. George Buchanan, Charles novel tools in imaging and molecular biology,and the Pratt,William Crist, David Parham, Jim Anderson, underlying principles for continued drug develop- and Larry Kun for their friendship,mentorship,and ment. In the second section,the book embarks on an wisdom. Their teachings will continue to be an e- up-to-date survey of the diagnosis and treatment of less source of passion and inspiration. It is my wish each speci?c disease,with particular emphasis on the that this book will provide answers, guidance and need for an integrative, multidisciplinary approach hope to medical professionals, children, and their to diagnosis and treatment. families. I am indebted to my colleagues and collaborators who have contributed their ideas, time, and kno- edge to this project. I am also grateful for the contri- Alberto Pappo,MD IX Contents 1 Epidemiology of Bone 3 Diagnostic Imaging of Pediatric Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas and Soft Tissue Sarcomas Logan G. Spector,Julie A. Ross, Thomas D. Henry,Mary E. McCarville, Rajaram Nagarajan Fredric A.

Landmarks are preferred image features for a variety of computer vision tasks such as image mensuration, registration, camera calibration, motion analysis, 3D scene reconstruction, and object recognition. Main advantages of using landmarks are robustness w. r. t. lightning conditions and other radiometric vari ations as well as the ability to cope with large displacements in registration or motion analysis tasks. Also, landmark-based approaches are in general com putationally efficient, particularly when using point landmarks. Note, that the term landmark comprises both artificial and natural landmarks. Examples are comers or other characteristic points in video images, ground control points in aerial images, anatomical landmarks in medical images, prominent facial points used for biometric verification, markers at human joints used for motion capture in virtual reality applications, or in- and outdoor landmarks used for autonomous navigation of robots. This book covers the extraction oflandmarks from images as well as the use of these features for elastic image registration. Our emphasis is onmodel-based approaches, i. e. on the use of explicitly represented knowledge in image analy sis. We principally distinguish between geometric models describing the shape of objects (typically their contours) and intensity models, which directly repre sent the image intensities, i. e., the appearance of objects. Based on these classes of models we develop algorithms and methods for analyzing multimodality im ages such as traditional 20 video images or 3D medical tomographic images."

This book provides a contemporary reference to the science, technology and clinical applications of PET and PET/CT. The book is designed to be used by residents and fellows training in medical imaging specialties as well as imaging experts in private or academic practice who need to become familiar with this technology and its applications. It is also for use by those whose specialties carry over to PET and PET/CT, referring physicians such as oncologists, cardiologists, neurologists and surgeons.

Developed as an offshoot/update of the "clinical practice" portion of the main book, edited by PE Valk et al, published in 2003 (Positron Emission Tomography: basic science and clinical practice), this offshoot covers the second half of the main book only, dealing with mainly the clinical research and practice. Most of the book comprises chapters updated from the "Clinical practice" portion of the main Valk book. It contains 6 brand new chapters and 22 completely revised and updated chapters from the main Valk book.

Abundantly illustrated with more than 1,850 figures, this comprehensive monograph describes the experience gained through the treatment of patients with spinal tumors over a 25-year period. It covers clinical presentations and neuroradiological features of intramedullary, extramedullary, and extradural spinal tumors. Coverage provides step-by-step intraoperative photographs to describe surgical strategies. In addition, the book offers techniques and gives detailed statistical analyses on postoperative outcomes by focusing on postoperative complications as well as short-term and long-term results.

'Samii's Essentials in Neurosurgery' contains selected papers written by internationally recognized contributors who were trained by Professor Madjid Samii in Hannover, Germany. The main topics deal with cutting-edge technology in neurosurgery, skull-base surgery, and specific peripheral nerve, spine, and vascular surgeries. The texts and a wealth of illustrations review and reinforce guidelines on the diagnosis and management of situations that readers are likely to encounter in everyday practice. This book will be of great interest to neurosurgeons, neurologists, ENT surgeons, neuroradiologists, and neurophysiotherapists."

The mono graph contains 8 chapters, and their contents cover all principal aspects of the problem: 1. Introduction and brief his tory ofthe radiation problem and background information ofradiation hazard in the near-Earth and interplanetary space. 2. General description of radiation conditions and main sources of charged partic1es in the Earth's environment and interplanetary space, effects of space environment on spacecraft. 3. Basic information about physical conditions in space and main sources of charged particles in the Earth's environment and interplanetary space, in the context of "Space W eather" monitoring and prediction. 4. Trapped radiation belts of the Earth (ERB): theory of their origin, spatial and temporal dynamics, and experimental and statistical models. 5. Galactic cosmic rays (GCR): variations of energetic, temporal and spatial characteristics, long-term modulation, and anomalous cosmic ray (ACR) component, modeling oftheir dynamics. 6. Production of energetic particles (SEPs) at/ne ar the Sun: available databases, acceleration, propagation, and prediction of individual SEP event, statistical models of solar cosmic rays (SCR). 7. Existing empirical techniques of estimating, prediction and modeling of radiation hazard, methodical approaches and constraints, some questions of changes in the Earth's radiation environment due to changes of the solar activity level. 8. Unresolved problems of radiation hazard prediction and spacecraft protection, radiation experiments on board the spacecraft, estimating of radiation conditions during interplanetary missions. Space does not allow us to explain every time the solar-terrestrial and radiation physics nomencIature used in current English-language literature.

Optic flow provides all the information necessary to guide a walking human or a mobile robot to its target. Over the past 50 years, a body of research on optic flow spanning the disciplines of neurophysiology, psychophysics, experimental psychology, brain imaging and computational modelling has accumulated. Today, when we survey the field, we find independent lines of research have now converged and many arguments have been resolved; simultaneously the underpinning assumptions of flow theory are being questioned and alternative accounts of the visual guidance of locomotion proposed. At this critical juncture, this volume offers a timely review of what has been learnt and pointers to where the field is going.

This volume contains the proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI) "Multisensory Control of Movement" held at SISSA, Trieste (Italy), July 3-12, 1994. The ASI took the format of a Summer School that we organized with the collaboration of a scientific committee formed by A. Berthoz (Paris), H. Collewijn (Rotterdam), H. Heuer (Dortmund), M. Jeannerod (Lyon), and J. F. Stein (Oxford). The School was attended by sixty students selected from twice as many applicants from fourtheen countries. Their contribution to the discussions, and the presentation of their own ongoing research organized in informal sessions proved very stimulating. The main focus of the School was on brain mechanisms involved in multisensory control of movement. This broad topic was addressed with a multidisciplinary approach, integrating contributions from neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, psychophysics, neurology, and cognitive science. This choice is reflected in the content of the present volume. Lacquaniti reviews recent advances in the field of motor control, with a special emphasis on the role of reference frames and coordinate transformations. Visuomotor channels are discussed by Jeannerod within the context of the control of object oriented actions. Johnson, Ferraina and Caminiti describe the functional architecture of cortical networks involved in reaching under visual guidance. Fogassi, Gallese, Fadiga and Rizzolatti present new data on space coding in inferior premotor cortex (area F4). The import of neurological findings for understanding human motor control is illustrated by Freund."

Despite their novelty, wavelets have a tremendous impact on a number of modern scientific disciplines, particularly on signal and image analysis. Because of their powerful underlying mathematical theory, they offer exciting opportunities for the design of new multi-resolution processing algorithms and effective pattern recognition systems. This book provides a much-needed overview of current trends in the practical application of wavelet theory. It combines cutting edge research in the rapidly developing wavelet theory with ideas from practical signal and image analysis fields. Subjects dealt with include balanced discussions on wavelet theory and its specific application in diverse fields, ranging from data compression to seismic equipment. In addition, the book offers insights into recent advances in emerging topics such as double density DWT, multiscale Bayesian estimation, symmetry and locality in image representation, and image fusion. Audience: This volume will be of interest to graduate students and researchers whose work involves acoustics, speech, signal and image processing, approximations and expansions, Fourier analysis, and medical imaging.

Pathology and Pathobiology of Rheumatic Diseases glows with the uncommon precision of the pathologist, the clarity of the tea cher, and the unswerving commitment of the investigator. Fass bender has produced a major contribution to the literature of rheumatic diseases. The practical experience and wisdom brought together in this book, substantiated by excellent exam ples of histopathology, produce a landmark for all who have made the study of rheumatic diseases their profession. The enor mous achievements made in molecular biology, genetics, struc tural biochemistry, and clinical science have been assembled in this book to interact in a meaningful way with the anatomical histology of the rheumatic diseases. It is not easy for any single investigator to paint the picture of a disease process, from its clinical description to its mechanisms, and then to a defined hypothesis, and finally an understanding. Nonetheless, Fassbender has done this in a clear and convincing way that integrates our current knowledge of this group of dis eases. Scientific discovery in medicine moves from the bedside to the bench, back to the bedside, and then back to the bench, etc. It is this iterative process of new observation and new discovery that has given us the achievements in medicine over the past century."

From the time questions about the impact of wireless technology on public health were first raised in 1993 through the present, Wireless Technology Research, LLC (WTR) has been the largest independent surveillance and research program trying to identify and solve human health problems associated with wireless phones. In 1995 at the University "La Sapienza" of Rome, WTR sponsored the first comprehensive forum for the discussion of these issues. Papers from the 1995 State of the Science Colloquium were collected andpublished in Volume I ofthis series, Wireless Phones andHealth: Scientific Progress. This second volume assembles papers presented at WTR's Second State of the Science Colloquium in Long Beach, CA, in June 1999; it contains the most comprehensive research on the public health impact of wireless phones to date. The operating words for the proper understanding of these data are science and public health. Science is a tool for making public health decisions, but the framework in which we are operating is truly that of public health. We are looking for problems that have to do with wireless technology. We are trying to decide how this technology impacts on the public for one purpose and one purpose alone, and that purpose is to solve problems that are identified. I would like to challenge you, the reader, to suspend your parochial orientation as you consider these latest findings.

Biomedical EPR Part B focuses on applications of EPR techniques and instrumentation, with applications to dynamics. The book celebrates the 70th birthday of Prof. James S. Hyde, Medical College of Wisconsin, and his contributions to this field. Chapters are written to provide introductory material for new-comers to the field that lead into up-to-date reviews that provide perspective on the wide range of questions that can be addressed by EPR.

Key Features:
EPR Techniques including Saturation Recovery, ENDOR, ELDOR, and Saturation Transfer

Instrumentation Innovations including Loop Gap Resonators, Rapid Mixing, and Time Locked Sub-Sampling

Motion in Biological Membranes

Applications to Structure Determination in Proteins

Discussion of Trends in EPR Technology and Prognosis for the Future "

This book is devoted to the study of variational methods in imaging. The presentation is mathematically rigorous and covers a detailed treatment of the approach from an inverse problems point of view. Many numerical examples accompany the theory throughout the text. It is geared towards graduate students and researchers in applied mathematics. Researchers in the area of imaging science will also find this book appealing. It can serve as a main text in courses in image processing or as a supplemental text for courses on regularization and inverse problems at the graduate level.

Biomedical EPR - Part A focuses on applications of EPR spectroscopy in the areas of free radicals, metals, medicine, and physiology. The book celebrates the 70th birthday of Prof. James S. Hyde, Medical College of Wisconsin, and his contributions to this field. Chapters are written to provide introductory material for new-comers to the field which lead into up-to-date reviews that provide perspective on the wide range of questions that can be addressed by EPR.

Key Features:
Free Radicals in Medicine

Radicals in vivo and in Model Systems, and their Study by Spin Trapping

In vivo EPR, including Oximetry and Imaging

Time Domain EPR at Radio Frequencies

EPR of Copper Complexes: Motion and Frequency Dependence

Time Domain EPR and Electron Spin Echo Envelope Modulation

Despite the fact that Interventional Radiology is steadily moving toward a cli- cal specialty with the need for broad medical training, daily craftsmanship will always remain fundamental to what an interventional radiologist does. Without basic catheter and wire skills IR would not be what it is today. When I watch ex- rienced colleagues work I am always surprised to see that, concerning the technique and the materials, we all make the same choices. There is apparently a common IR skill, which is universal and can be learned with experience. I always see this with new IR fellows, that it takes time to step away from improvising and letting the p- cedure take the lead to logic and standardized control over a procedure. Choosing the right materials for the right job and building a level of con dence with these materials is a very important part of any IR fellowship. Why can a supervisor get a stable catheter position with a new wire in no time, whereas the fellow almost gives up? The difference is knowing your materials for this speci c indication and c- bining routine and standardized operational procedures. Hands-on workshops are always very popular at every IR meeting because one can really learn about basic skills. Lectures with the title "How I do it," can always count on a full audience.