This timely book focuses on the upgrading of firms within the global garment industry, examining how garment manufacturers and retailers in different countries internationalize, develop their capabilities and enhance their sustainability. It highlights the important role the global garments industry plays in the socio-economic development and environmental outcomes of emerging economies. Drawing on firm-centric, multi-level analyses, the book addresses four key questions: how do apparel manufacturing companies in emerging economies internationalize? What factors promote or hinder internationalization? What influences the abilities of suppliers to develop different capabilities? How do firms achieve sustainability? Interdisciplinary contributions draw on a range of perspectives, including global value chains, international business, operations management, innovation, and sociology, to answer these questions. Providing novel insights to the topic, this book will help firms, researchers and national and multilateral organisations improve the competitiveness of suppliers, workers' well-being and environmental outcomes. It will be particularly useful to business economics and economic geography scholars.

Elgar Advanced Introductions are stimulating and thoughtful introductions to major fields in the social sciences, business and law, expertly written by the world's leading scholars. Designed to be accessible yet rigorous, they offer concise and lucid surveys of the substantive and policy issues associated with discrete subject areas. Offering an extensive and coherent presentation of theory on the experience economy, this stimulating Advanced Introduction discusses what experiencing is and why people are seeking experiences. Jon Sundbo defines the experience concept in contrast to similar concepts such as culture and creative economies, and presents measurements of the value of the experience economy. Key features include: Analysis of how experiences are replacing services and knowledge as a key driver for the economy Discussion of the future of the experience economy and the impacts Covid-19 may have on this Different perspectives on the experience economy including ones from: evolutionary economics, micro-economics, psychology, marketing, innovation and production, sociology and digitalization. Concise and invigorating, this Advanced Introduction will be a helpful read for marketing, economics, tourism, culture studies and management scholars looking for a stronger theoretical understanding of the experience economy. It will also be interesting to data science scholars, including those focusing on web and social media construction.

To enter the sports, events, and hospitality industry, it is necessary to develop and hone certain skills to ensure competitiveness. These skills must be studied further to educate those interested in pursuing a career in these fields on what it takes to begin this long process and enhance their employability. Employability and Skills Development in the Sports, Events, and Hospitality Industry provides insight into current professionals working in the sports, events, tourism, and hospitality industry and considers the skills and qualifications necessary to work within or enter the industries. Covering key topics such as hard skills, volunteerism, virtual events, and educational institutions, this reference work is ideal for event managers, coaches, property owners, entrepreneurs, industry professionals, researchers, academicians, scholars, educators, and students.

Ross Dowling and David Newsome present an original, substantial and much-needed contribution to the field which will further our understanding of geotourism in theory and practice. This Handbook defines, characterizes and explores the subject through a range of international perspectives and case studies, identifying geotourism as a rapidly emerging form of urban and regional sustainable development. With extensive case studies from North and South America, Europe, Asia, Australasia and Africa, this global Handbook examines and explains the relationship between geology and tourism. Thematically arranged sections cover the relationship of geology with tourism, sustainability and society, geotourism in urban areas, and interpretation and education strategies. The final two sections assess geotourism?s impact through wide-ranging case studies of UNESCO global geoparks and geotourism in a range of countries. The eminent academics and practitioners demonstrate how geotourism is a vehicle future for engaging the public and protecting geosites, as well as emphasising the importance of sustainability. An essential resource for students and educators, this Handbook provides an international perspective for those interested in tourism, environmental geography, ecology and geology. Written with practitioners in mind, this book reveals how tourism professionals and geologists can build a common vision by working together in sharing knowledge at the nexus of geology and tourism. Contributors include: M. Allan, E. Aparecida Del Lama, R.S. Aquino, A. Asrat, N. Azman, T. Brown, M. Burlando, H.S. Cahyadi, R.M. Clary, K. Crawford, E. da Silva Guimaraes, R. Dowling, A. Dumaliang, B.C. Dumaliang, P. Erfurt, S. Espiner, N.T. Farsani, M. Garofano, A. Gates, C. Gomez, J.E. Gordon, M. Gray, N. Grunert, S.A. Halim, Herlina, Y. Jeon, J. Johnston, H.T. Kobryn, I. Komoo, L. Kubalikova, U. Lagally, J. Larwood, E.A. Lima, M. Machado, P. Migon, R. Miller, C. Neto de Carvalho, D. Newsome, R. Pena, H. Purdie, A. Riganti, J.P.R. Rivera, D.A. Ruban, H. Samodra, L. Sheydder de Oliveira Lopes, R.C. Soares, K. Takenouchi, M. Thomas, H. Torigoe, M. Van Kranendonk, J. Weber, G. Worton, K. Xu

Almost all economies have, or are at least starting to, understand the significance of examining and mainstreaming gender issues in the world of work. Sociocultural evolution and various other factors have helped these developments, but there is still so much more work to be done. Technology has played a substantial role in decreasing the gender divide as more households than ever before have access to technology, and the revolution of access to information across most societies has become gender neutral and empowering. While technology can hold the potential to significantly expand the job market and open opportunities for all job seekers, questions surrounding automation and availability of jobs and the accessibility to secure the necessary qualifications and education needed to fill paid jobs rage on, especially when examining those who are typically marginalized. Gender Perspectives on Industry 4.0 and the Impact of Technology on Mainstreaming Female Employment discusses gender perspective and its impact on the fourth industrial revolution, particularly in the realm of employment structure, and analyzes the impact of technology on mainstreaming women in paid employment. In the present environment, organizations are beginning to realize the importance of looking more critically at their workforce and structure and how to better cater to the diversity, equity, and inclusion movement while also productively managing the advancement of new technologies. Covering topics such as sustainable development and the future of work, it is ideal for policymakers, practitioners, professionals, consultants, managers, researchers, academicians, educators, and students.

Cosmetic manufacturers use nanoscale size ingredients to provide better UV protection, deeper skin penetration, long-lasting effects, increased color and finish quality. This approach enables the forming of nanoscale cosmetic ingredients, which can possess active components readily absorbed into the skin, repair damage easily, and promote improved product outcomes. Nanotechnology for the Preparation of Cosmetics using Plant-Based Extracts explores the various applications of nanotechnology in the cosmetic industry. Techniques for the development of cosmetic are a topic of increasing interest with widespread opportunities for potential applications in a broad range of industrial applications. The book covers a variety of techniques and processes, focusing on its potential applications in the field of skincare and makeup cosmetics. The book will cover not only conventional processes but also innovative and efficient techniques for the preparation of cosmetics exhibiting unique applications in the field. Nanotechnology for the Preparation of Cosmetics using Plant-Based Extracts is an important reference source for materials scientists, engineers and pharmaceutical scientists who want to learn more about the use of cosmetics prepared through nanotechnology to achieve the materials characteristics and enhancements in the mechanism and properties of makeup and skincare.

Elgar Research Agendas outline the future of research in a given area. Leading scholars are given the space to explore their subject in provocative ways, and map out the potential directions of travel. They are relevant but also visionary. Tourism is integral to local, regional and national development policies; as a major global economic sector, it has the potential to underpin economic growth and wider development. Yet, transformations in both the nature of tourism and the dynamic environment within which it occurs give rise to new questions with regards to its developmental role. This Research Agenda offers a state-of-the-art review of the research into the tourism-development nexus. Bringing together contributors from across the globe, this Research Agenda answers the key questions including: Are growth-focused tourism policies becoming increasingly detrimental to destination development? Can mass forms of tourism in fact generate more benefits than alternative forms of tourism? Does the role of the state in supporting tourism-induced development require reconsideration? How effective is tourism-related philanthropy in contributing to development? Is community-based tourism a realistic development policy? To what extent can tourism contribute to what is still the most pressing development challenge, namely poverty reduction? A Research Agenda for Tourism and Development offers valuable insights for students and researchers of development studies and tourism, as well as for policymakers and practitioners in tourism industries.

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Sport has the power to change the world.'' Sports Economics Uncut expresses this insight from Nelson Mandela, exploring sports as a fascinating mirror of the world and a powerful agent of change. In this book, Brian Goff covers subjects ranging from the ebb and flow of racial discrimination, to inequality, law enforcement, managers and risky decisions, club membership, and politics. Much more than merely a review or synthesis, this work extends existing perspectives and explores provocative questions such as: how systematic is racial bias in pro sports today? Is all racial segregation in sports due to racial bias? How much are college athletes really worth, and is league parity really optimal? This book highlights the fascinating paradox of the modest revenues spent on sports but the enormous intangible value of it. The author explains how recent evidence of racial bias in sports actually illustrates how much ground has been gained in society on racial matters; how the scandals of college sports are a built-in feature of a world in which football and basketball athletes are worth millions; how athletic skill can vary widely across and within regions and races, and how this can influence positioning decisions; and how managers reflect both traditional economic views of decision making and more recent behavioral views. While drawing from widespread academic studies, this is a lively presentation accessible to a wide audience, with extensive but easy to digest data. Students and scholars of sports economics, as well as those studying sports analysis or related areas, will find it an engaging and eye-opening read.

Elgar Research Agendas outline the future of research in a given area. Leading scholars are given the space to explore their subject in provocative ways, and map out the potential directions of travel. They are relevant but also visionary. Original and thought-provoking, this book investigates how creative experiences, interactions, and place-specific dynamics and contexts are shaping the expanding field of creative tourism across the globe. Exploring the evolution of research in this field, the authors investigate pathways for future research that advance conceptual questions and pragmatic issues. Bringing together an array of international perspectives and research approaches, this book investigates the growing synergies between creativity and tourism. Contributors from a variety of disciplines utilize key case studies to examine the development of creative tourism in both the global North and South, including: World Heritage Sites in Malaysia; small communities in Thailand; small town 'creative outposts' in Canada; community-engaged projects in rural Russia; Gangneung, Korea's 'coffee city'; the pioneering creative tourism city of Santa Fe; and a participatory museum in Croatia. Both the growing diversity and scope of creative tourism and the expanding body of literature on this topic makes this timely Research Agenda a vital read for scholars of tourism studies, especially as it offers much-needed suggestions of areas for future research, at doctoral and post-doctoral levels. Tourism policy makers and creative tourism practitioners will also find this a useful read. Contributors: M. Blapp, P. Brouder, M.-A. Delisle, N. Duxbury, M.L. Emmendoerfer, J. Erkkila-Hill, I. Freitas, R. Goja, B. Hanifl, M. Hiltunen, D.A. Jelincic, T. Jokela, S.-M. Koistinen, H.d.S. Lopes, M. Matetskaya, O. Matos, S. Miettinen, O. Mitas, M. Pereira, P. Remoaldo, V. Ribeiro, G. Richards, M. Senkic, U.-S. Seo, A. Svyatunenko, S.-H. Tan, S.-K. Tan, T. Vongvisitsin, J. Wisansing

The COVID-19 pandemic caused a disruption for many industries at its emergence, including the rental industry. The rental industry consists of more than just car rentals. It also includes Airbnb, house rentals, cruises, and other means of transport. This industry, which relies on tourism, was negatively affected by the travel restrictions that were put in place due to the pandemic. As such, it had to quickly adapt and grow to abide by the rules of the ""new normal"" in order to survive both during the pandemic, as well as implement new models and strategies that would help it to regain its success post-COVID-19. Socio-Economic Effects and Recovery Efforts for the Rental Industry: Post-COVID-19 Strategies is a critical reference book that discusses the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the rental industry and the ways in which the rental industry adapted under the new global restrictions affecting tourism. This book covers recovery efforts for the rental industry, analyzes global cases of the effects and adaptations the rental industry has undergone, and discusses the sociological aspects of the pandemic. While highlighting topics such as e-commerce, financial leasing, second home tourism, and sharing economies, this book is essential for executives, business owners, managers, rental agencies, ridesharing companies, academicians, researchers, and students interested in the current state of the rental industry and how it plans to overcome the challenges caused by the pandemic.

The hospitality industry is one of the most significant drivers of economic growth and socioeconomic advances in both developed and developing countries. This industry contributes directly to gross domestic product, job creation, income level, destination expansion, and economic development. Forecasts for 2020 indicated a promising year was ahead for this industry, but the COVID-19 pandemic had a catastrophic impact. Hospitality companies are experiencing one of the biggest, unprecedented crises to date, and experts must now rethink strategies to ensure these businesses' recovery. Sustainability and Competitiveness in the Hospitality Industry focuses on complex issues from a hotel industry perspective. It surveys existing research by reflecting on the pandemic's impacts and generates scenarios for how to strengthen business structures. Covering a wide range of topics such as digital hospitality and tourism products, this reference work is ideal for managers, business professionals, entrepreneurs, practitioners, researchers, academicians, instructors, and students.

This is a rags-to-riches story about a man who came from a Greek village, born to a father with three years' schooling and an illiterate mother, whose down-to-earth Greek values formed the foundation of an entrepreneur who went on to build a multi-million-dollar fashion empire. Today, Panos Emporio is one of the most established luxury swimwear brands in the world, being the choice of celebrities and royal families amongst others. Panos Papadopoulos created this empire in his new country of Sweden in record time, introducing the winning combination of innovative design, skillful entrepreneurship and ground-breaking marketing, which elevated the brand to its world-leading position. Panos' life as an entrepreneur is a tale of passion and total commitment. In telling his story, he also provides success lessons and valuable advice to other entrepreneurs, that can be applied to sectors beyond fashion.

The purpose of Niche Tourism is to provide students with foundational insight and practical understanding of the various types of niche tourism sectors within southern Africa. Each of these uniquely established niche tourism sectors contributes towards the development of the southern African tourism product and service offering and attracts large volumes of tourists annually to southern Africa.

Niche tourism has grown and expanded into various formats over the past few years. Within southern Africa there are unique tourism establishments that showcase how these niche tourism establishments contribute towards growing the economy, uplifting local communities, and conserving the natural and cultural heritage of southern Africa.

The tourism industry in southern Africa offers various entrepreneurial opportunities for tourism graduates. The aim of this textbook is to provide students with a strong theoretical foundation on the respective niche tourism segments supported with current practical examples of how these niche tourism sectors operate, to enable graduates to establish their own niche tourism establishments. In doing so, graduates would be able to not only contribute towards the regional economy of southern Africa but also enable the resolution of socio-cultural challenges whilst conserving and protecting both the natural and cultural heritage of southern Africa.

Tourism destinations are traditionally dominated by small and medium-sized enterprises that provide a wide range of products to tourists such as accommodation, travel services, transportation, recreation and entertainment, and food and beverage services. New knowledge and global risks have emerged, and small and medium-sized tourism enterprises (SMTEs) are now highly vulnerable. Recently, the COVID-19 pandemic has hit the whole world and caused a change in the tourism paradigm. Many SMTEs around the world have been severely affected by the need to completely shut down their activities for months, and expectations for recovery in the medium term are not optimistic. SMTEs do not have the capacity and increased resources-financial, human, operational-of large companies to prepare for crisis contingencies (planning) and respond to the challenges they face. They simply do not have the resources or knowledge for risk analysis and the creation of crisis teams or plans. This is an area of growing importance and concern, both in the public and private sectors, where specific research and more in-depth knowledge are needed. Risk, Crisis, and Disaster Management in Small and Medium-Sized Tourism Enterprises connects research in the field of crisis management with the risks affecting small and medium-sized tourism enterprises. The book presents prevailing research on SME-related planning, response, and recovery during crisis situations, further propelling much-needed literature on these challenges in today's tourism industry. The chapters cover important topics such as terrorism threats, disaster management, resilient strategies, pandemic management, and risk analysis. The target audience of this book will be composed of professionals working in the tourism and hospitality industries, restaurateurs, travel agencies, hotel executives, directors, managers, crisis and risk planners, policymakers, government officials, researchers, and academicians who are interested in the threats to tourism businesses and how small and medium-sized enterprises can manage and navigate these risks.

* Fully developed case studies all with theoretical underpinning and clear learning outcomes. * Teaching notes accompany all cases which specify teaching methods to be adopted for effective use in the classroom. * Teaching Instructions and Lesson Plans provide which offer a step-by-step teaching process, how students should be organized, information to be provided, the questions to be raised, and suggested assignments. A comprehensive collection of fully developed case studies of event management and event tourism main areas, including human resources, leadership, marketing, strategy, operations, stakeholder management, and evaluation, all written by international experts. The cases mirror the practices and challenges in the event management industry across the globe - in different regional contexts and cultures - integrating theory with functional and operational perspectives. All are accompanied with teaching notes that explain learning outcomes, theoretical underpinnings, teaching methods, and provide detailed learning activities, questions and tools for analysis and guided assignments. Cases For Event Management and Event Tourism is a must have collection for all those studying and teaching event management nad event tourism. It contextualizes understanding and provides a real-life perspective on the theory, models and best practice in the industry. Part of the Event Management Theory and Methods Series. This series examines the extent to which mainstream theory is being employed to develop event-specific theory, and to influence the very core practices of event management and event tourism. They introduce the theory, show how it is being used in the events sector through a literature review, incorporate examples and case studies written by researchers and/or practitioners, and contain methods that can be used effectively in the real world. With online resource material, this mix-and-match collection is ideal for lecturers who need theoretical foundations and case studies for their classes, by students in need of reference works, by professionals wanting increased understanding alongside practical methods, and by agencies or associations that want their members and stakeholders to have access to a library of valuable resources. Series editor: Donald Getz PhD., Professor Emeritus, University of Calgary, Canada.