Beginning with a general discussion of bordism, Professors Madsen and Milgram present the homotopy theory of the surgery classifying spaces and the classifying spaces for the various required bundle theories. The next part covers more recent work on the maps between these spaces and the properties of the PL and Top characteristic classes, and includes integrality theorems for topological and PL manifolds. Later chapters treat the integral cohomology of BPL and Btop. The authors conclude with a discussion of the PL and topological cobordism rings and a construction of the torsion-free generators.

If you want top grades and thorough understanding of set theory and related topics, this powerful study tool is the best tutor you can have! It takes you step-by-step through the subject and gives you 530 accompanying related problems with fully worked solutions. You also get plenty of practice problems to do on your own, working at your own speed. (Answers at the back show you how youre doing.) This new edition features improved problems in the ordinals, cardinals, and transfinite series chapters, plus new coverage of real numbers and integers.

The transition from school mathematics to university mathematics is seldom straightforward. Students are faced with a disconnect between the algorithmic and informal attitude to mathematics at school, versus a new emphasis on proof, based on logic, and a more abstract development of general concepts, based on set theory. The authors have many years' experience of the potential difficulties involved, through teaching first-year undergraduates and researching the ways in which students and mathematicians think. The book explains the motivation behind abstract foundational material based on students' experiences of school mathematics, and explicitly suggests ways students can make sense of formal ideas. This second edition takes a significant step forward by not only making the transition from intuitive to formal methods, but also by reversing the process- using structure theorems to prove that formal systems have visual and symbolic interpretations that enhance mathematical thinking. This is exemplified by a new chapter on the theory of groups. While the first edition extended counting to infinite cardinal numbers, the second also extends the real numbers rigorously to larger ordered fields. This links intuitive ideas in calculus to the formal epsilon-delta methods of analysis. The approach here is not the conventional one of 'nonstandard analysis', but a simpler, graphically based treatment which makes the notion of an infinitesimal natural and straightforward. This allows a further vision of the wider world of mathematical thinking in which formal definitions and proof lead to amazing new ways of defining, proving, visualising and symbolising mathematics beyond previous expectations.

Datenqualitat, Genauigkeit bzw. Ungenauigkeit von Daten und anderen Informationen sind grundlegende Aspekte von Messungen und Beobachtungen, die quantitativ beschrieben werden mussen, um unrealistische Resultate von Analysen zu vermeiden. In vielen praktischen Anwendungen erscheint die Angabe reeller Zahlen als vorliegende Datenelemente fragwurdig. Die Verwendung von unscharfen Zahlen ermoglicht es, die Unscharfe in die Modellbildung miteinzubeziehen und erlaubt somit eine realistischere Beschreibung von Daten.

Das Buch ist fur Leser geschrieben, die mit elementaren stochastischen Modellen und statistischen Verfahren vertraut sind.

Ziel ist es, Methoden der quantitativen Beschreibung unscharfer Beobachtungen stochastischer Grossen vorzustellen und in die Grundlagen der statistischen Analyse solcher Daten einzufuhren. Der praktische Umgang mit den vorgestellten Theorien und Methoden wird dem Leser anhand zahlreicher Ubungsaufgaben nahergebracht."

In mathematics we are interested in why a particular formula is true. Intuition and statistical evidence are insufficient, so we need to construct a formal logical proof. The purpose of this book is to describe why such proofs are important, what they are made of, how to recognize valid ones, how to distinguish different kinds, and how to construct them. This book is written for 1st year students with no previous experience of formulating proofs. Dave Johnson has drawn from his considerable experience to provide a text that concentrates on the most important elements of the subject using clear, simple explanations that require no background knowledge of logic. It gives many useful examples and problems, many with fully-worked solutions at the end of the book. In addition to a comprehensive index, there is also a useful `Dramatis Personae` an index to the many symbols introduced in the text, most of which will be new to students and which will be used throughout their degree programme.

"From the Calculus to Set Theory" traces the development of the calculus from the early seventeenth century through its expansion into mathematical analysis to the developments in set theory and the foundations of mathematics in the early twentieth century. It chronicles the work of mathematicians from Descartes and Newton to Russell and Hilbert and many, many others while emphasizing foundational questions and underlining the continuity of developments in higher mathematics. The other contributors to this volume are H. J. M. Bos, R. Bunn, J. W. Dauben, T. W. Hawkins, and K. Moller-Pedersen."

This package includes the printed hardcover book and access to the Navigate 2 Companion Website. The seventh edition of Advanced Engineering Mathematics provides learners with a modern and comprehensive compendium of topics that are most often covered in courses in engineering mathematics, and is extremely flexible to meet the unique needs of courses ranging from ordinary differential equations, to vector calculus, to partial differential equations. Acclaimed author, Dennis G. Zill's accessible writing style and strong pedagogical aids, guide students through difficult concepts with thoughtful explanations, clear examples, interesting applications, and contributed project problems.

The publication of Rasiowa and Sikorski's The Mathematics of Metamathematics (1970), Rasiowa's An Algebraic Approach to Non-Classical Logics (1974), and Wojcicki's Theory of Logical Calculi (1988) created a niche in the field of mathematical and philosophical logic. This in-depth study of the concept of a consequence relation, culminating in the concept of a Lindenbaum-Tarski algebra, fills this niche. Citkin and Muravitsky consider the problem of obtaining confirmation that a statement is a consequence of a set of statements as prerequisites, on the one hand, and the problem of demonstrating that such confirmation does not exist in the structure under consideration, on the other hand. For the second part of this problem, the concept of the Lindenbaum-Tarski algebra plays a key role, which becomes even more important when the considered consequence relation is placed in the context of decidability. This role is traced in the book for various formal objective languages. The work also includes helpful exercises to aid the reader's assimilation of the book's material. Intended for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in mathematics and philosophy, this book can be used to teach special courses in logic with an emphasis on algebraic methods, for self-study, and also as a reference work.

In recent years, substantial efforts are being made in the development of reliability theory including fuzzy reliability theories and their applications to various real-life problems. Fuzzy set theory is widely used in decision making and multi criteria such as management and engineering, as well as other important domains in order to evaluate the uncertainty of real-life systems. Fuzzy reliability has proven to have effective tools and techniques based on real set theory for proposed models within various engineering fields, and current research focuses on these applications. Advancements in Fuzzy Reliability Theory introduces the concept of reliability fuzzy set theory including various methods, techniques, and algorithms. The chapters present the latest findings and research in fuzzy reliability theory applications in engineering areas. While examining the implementation of fuzzy reliability theory among various industries such as mining, construction, automobile, engineering, and more, this book is ideal for engineers, practitioners, researchers, academicians, and students interested in fuzzy reliability theory applications in engineering areas.

Kantorovich, the late Nobel Laureate, was a respected mathematical economist, and one of the founding fathers of linear programming. Part I begins with chapters on the theory of sets and real functions. Topics treated include universal functions, W.H. Young's classification, generalized derivatives of continuous functions and the H. Steinhaus problem. The book also includes papers on the theory of projective sets, general and particular methods of the extension of Hilbert space, and linear semi-ordered spaces. The author deals with a number of approximate calculations and solutions including a discussion of an approximate calculation of certain types of definite integrals, and also a method for the approximate solution of partial differential equations. In addition to this, the author looks at various other methods, including the Ritz method, the Galerkin method in relation to the reduction of differential equations and the Newton methods for functional equations. Towards the end of the book there are several chapters on computers.