Introductory Questions on SA Tax is the first of three publications in the Questions on SA Tax series designed to provide comprehensive tutorial coverage to taxation students. This book covers foundational topics typically dealt with in the first year of the study of tax at an undergraduate level. This tutorial book includes questions and selected solutions on South African income tax and value-added tax. Up-to-date questions are graded, allowing students to develop their abilities at an introductory level. A selection of tutorial solutions is included in the book, and solutions to all questions are provided to lecturers at prescribing institutions. Mark plans are allocated to solutions.

Published annually, this invaluable compendium incorporates all promulgated and proposed amendments as published in the 2017 Amendment Bills, aided by Juta's prelex and pendlex, as at 1 January 2018. A useful digest of tax cases from 2007 to 2017 is also included. Furthermore, the Quick Finder Tools section allows readers to easily navigate content within the different tax Acts. Related supplementary material such as Regulations, Notices, Interpretation Notes, Practice Notes and Binding Rulings have been incorporated in Volume 2.

This title explains, in easy to understand terms, the range of expenses that employees can claim, when they can claim, how to defend and support their claim, and how to successfully claim tax allowances from HMRC.

This is the first book to present a sustained analysis and critique of arm's length based transfer pricing rules following the G20 / OECD Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) project. The book considers the nature and scope of transfer pricing rules based on the arm's length principle starting with an explanation of how the rules were created and how they evolved over time. It provides how internationally accepted transfer pricing rules were applied immediately prior to the BEPS project, and describes the principal problems that had arisen with those rules. The issues highlighted include problems relating to the complexity of the rules, the use and availability of comparables, and, in particular, problems permitting avoidance and income shifting, including problems related to low tax entities with 'excessive capital'. Having described the pre-BEPS rules and inherent problems, the book goes on to examine the extent to which the work undertaken by the BEPs project provides a solid foundation for future transfer pricing determinations and the problems that remain after BEPS. It identifies those issues on which the BEPS output has been positive, and also those issues which BEPS has not successfully addressed and which remain problematic. This book is the most detailed and up-to-date publication on this highly topical and often controversial topic.

This report presents the results of our review to determine whether allegations were founded that the Internal Revenue Service (IRS): 1) targeted specific groups applying for tax-exempt status, 2)delayed processing of targeted groups' applications for tax-exempt status, and 3) requested unnecessary information from targeted groups. This audit was initiated based on concerns expressed by members of Congress and reported in the media regarding the IRS's treatment of organizations applying for tax-exempt status. This review is included in our Fiscal Year 2013 Annual Audit Plan and addresses the major management challenge of Tax Compliance Initiatives. We would like to clarify a few issues based on the IRS response to our report. The response states that our report views approvals as evidence that the Exempt Organizations function should not have looked closely at those applications. We disagree with this statement. Our objection was to the criteria used to identify these applications for review. We believe all applications should be reviewed prior to approval to determine whether tax-exempt status should be granted. The IRS's response also states that issues discussed in the report have been resolved. We disagree with this statement as well. Nine recommendations were made to correct concerns we raised in the report, and corrective actions have not been fully implemented. Further, as our report notes, a substantial number of applications have been under review, some for more than three years and through two election cycles, and remain open. Until these cases are closed by the IRS and our recommendations are fully implemented, we do not consider the concerns in this report to be resolved. Management's complete response to the draft report is included as Appendix VIII.

Are you a foreign person or business planning to invest or reside in the United States? Do you know the U.S. tax rules that may apply to you and tax your world wide assets? Are you a foreign person mistakenly visiting the United States too many days in a year? What happens for U.S. tax purposes when a foreigner receives a Green Card? Are real estate investments in the U.S. by foreigners taxed differently? Not knowing the tax rules and missing strategies can cost a foreign person or business millions of dollars in fines and penalties every year. Learn what has to be reported to the IRS and how to plan to minimize taxes and avoid penalties. Find out how your tax status may vary from your immigration status. The United States is one of the top choices for real estate investment by foreigners. Foreign investors are rushing to buy residential and commercial real estate. Unique tax rules apply when foreigners invest in U.S. real estate and are explained in basic language in this guide. A Tax Guide 4 Foreigners provides tax tips for foreigners who invest, live or work in the United States. A simple explanation of the most important rules on income, estate and gift taxes is provided in this guide. It's a good place for a foreign person or business to begin to understand the U.S. tax system and how to make the right choices.

The fallout from the financial crisis of 2007-8, HSBC Suisse in 2015, and the Panama Papers in 2016 has generated calls for far more vigorous and punitive responses to tax evasion and greater international co-operation against mechanisms for giving anonymity to the ownership of property. One mechanism to ensure compliance is the use of the criminal justice system. The announcement in 2013 by the then Director of Public Prosecutions, Keir Starmer, of a policy of increasing rates of prosecution for tax evasion raised squarely the issue of whether increased involvement of criminal law and criminal justice in tax evasion would be justifiable or not. The relationship between tax evasion and the proceeds of crime is taking on increasing importance: treating the 'proceeds of criminal tax evasion' as falling within the 'proceeds of crime' regime inevitably expands the scope of both. In this book, Peter Alldridge considers the development of the offences and the relationship between tax evasion offences and other criminal offences; the relevant rules of evidence; prosecution structures, decision-making processes, and alternatives to prosecution. Specific topics include offshore evasion and the relationship of tax evasion with other crimes and aspects of the criminal justice system. A topical and lively discussion of a heated debate.

Published annually, Volume 1 of this invaluable publication incorporates all promulgated and proposed amendments as envisaged by the 2015 Act and Bills as at 1 March 2016, aided by Juta's prelex and pendlex. Convenient quickfinder tables allow readers to easily find content within the Acts. A useful digest of cases from 2007 to 2015 has also been included in Volume 1. Related supplementary material such as interpretation notes, practice notes, advanced tax rulings and regulations have been included in Volume 2 on the accompanying CD-ROM. Volume 2 will soon also be freely available as an eBook at www.jutalaw.co.za.

This book, marking the 2014 centenary of income tax in South Africa, presents historical research covering a range of topics. The authors begin with the international origins of income tax law and the transformation of old Dutch taxes into colonial income tax, and the role of General Smuts in the introduction of income tax in 1914. The struggle to find an appropriate means of taxing corporate profits of shareholders is shown to have continued for decades, and mining and farming as main industry players in the South African economy receive special attention. The demise of cooperatives, the history of international tax treaties and the colonial influence also form part of the historical journey of this publication. An examination of the special qualities of leading judges of the time and their jurisprudence provides much food for thought. Policy debates such as whether South Africa should follow the source or the residence system of taxation, or introduce a land tax, rage today as they did in 1914. The impact of transformation since 1994, the need to entrench taxpayers' rights and to remove gender inequality, and the remarkable modernisation of SARS, all played an important part in the development of the South African tax system. A book about one hundred years of income tax would not be complete without some biographical notes on key personalities such as CJ Ingram KC, Aubrey Silke and David Meyerowitz SC. In recognising the conference held at the University of Cape Town to mark one hundred years of income tax in South Africa, the rise of the teaching of tax at UCT is presented in the form of an extract from the memoirs of Prof Leon Kritzinger.