This title was first published in 2000. A timely look at the politics of agenda setting in relation to the car, under both the Conservative and Labour governments since the late 1980s.

The importance of the international maritime transport industry is difficult to overstate. This new book presents an interdisciplinary approach from a wide range of internationally-based experts.
"International Maritime Transport "represents a radical departure from previous works in its structure and approach. The section editors each discuss the state of the art in the opening chapter, before introducing a selection of works providing a wide-ranging analysis of the subject. Wide discretion of approach has provided literary freedom for individual opinion and analysis within the overall framework: this permits a level of innovation which is perhaps stifled by the more standardized model. Whilst each perspective can be seen as exclusive, together they form a comprehensive volume of issues in contemporary maritime transport.
Topics covered include: ports as interfaces; logistics; manpower and skills; financial risk and opportunities; the regulatory framework. Each chaptercontains an introduction which explains the context of the chapter within the book and the contemporary state of the art. Under the editorship of maritime experts James McConville, Alfonso Morvillo and Heather Leggate, the book is sure to be of interest to students and academics working on maritime studies, as well as being useful to professionals and policy makers in the maritime industry.

Title first published in 2003. As more and more cities consider introducing urban road pricing schemes, this book describes, compares and contrasts arguments for and against using this transport policy instrument. It investigates the acceptability of various forms of road pricing schemes by examining and contextualising actual schemes and hypothetical scenarios. The resulting analysis provides a sociological theory of acceptability, carefully grounded in arguments about road pricing, which demonstrates how professional discourses diverge from publicly acceptable arguments. It also suggests ways in which consensus can be reached between the various road pricing options.

This title was first published in 2003. The European Union is constantly struggling to find effective ways to plan major transport infrastructure developments at a European level. This is a critical factor in the emerging debates surrounding the absorption of the accession states into the EU, but it is essential for these states that their economic competitiveness is supported by appropriate and effective transport infrastructure. It is therefore crucial to find innovative approaches to the infrastructure itself, how it is financed and the ways in which proper evaluation procedures are implemented to select which policies, programmes and projects should be supported. This informative volume brings together leading international specialists in economic evaluation applied within the transport sector. Their contributions encompass all the main levels at which transport planning is typically conceptualized - strategic/regional policy, programme and project planning. It therefore examines how coherent economic evaluation practice can be developed and applied not only across different physical scales, but also across national borders.

This title was first published in 2001. A general introduction to the study of motorised road haulage in Britain from its beginng up to the outbreak of the Second World War (1904-1940). Filling a gap in market, this is the first work to offer a broad survey into the subject, and is intended to stimulate further interest and debate.

This title was first published in 2003. The events of 11 September 2001 defy modern economic theory when addressed in aviation terms. Economic theory would suggest that, once the impact of such events are a thing of the past, and economies are restored to their status quo ante, a rise in the gross domestic product of States to earlier levels would almost inevitably result in increased consumption. This in turn would mean that the demand for air travel would rise to earlier proportions and consumption in terms of air transport services would be restored to normalcy. However, the September attacks on United States' property introduced a unique characteristic through the fear factor that directly impacts the future development of air transport. As a result, the grim task of restoration of passenger confidence stands in the way of economic revival of the air transport industry. Aviation was always in crisis. The air transport industry, even prior to 11 September 2001, although seemingly a glamorous, exciting and prosperous business, never enjoyed sustained periods of profitability. Even among the large carriers, a short bout of profitability would inevitably be followed by a period of downturn in real income. It is simply that this fluctuation in fortune is an ineluctable characteristic of air transport, whose fortunes are dictated by rigid regulation, competition and technological change. If a sustained analysis were to be made of air transport, plain economic theory would no longer be the exclusive discipline for consideration. Rather, all relevant factors have to be taken in context and emerging issues should be analyzed as possible threats to the economic well being of the air transport industry. This book addresses issues in a post-September 2001 context but also analyses issues past and present, with the intent of looking at the future. Four major areas are taken into consideration which were in crisis but are truly impacted by the events of September 2001. These areas relate to crises in the commercial, security, insurance and environmental protection fields. Of these the first and fourth areas are inextricably intertwined, as aircraft noise regulations in various States have a direct impact on aircraft financing, which in turn is linked to demand for air services. A drop in demand for air services would essentially mean that the demand for lease or purchase of new aircraft would drop. When this occurs, air transport enterprises would be more inclined to cut costs and therefore concentrate on using the aircraft already at hand, upgrading them to conform to the The purpose of this book is to view the overall picture of an aviation industry - comprising air transport and other aviation related industries - in crisis, through issues that continue to impact the economic viability of air transport, particularly as a result of the events of 11 September 2001.

The development of civil aviation in the early 20th century presented a range of new legal and regulatory challenges concerning the rights of an aircraft from one state to enter the aerial territory of another. International flights threatened the territorial integrity of nation states and prompted politicians to draw up new aerial legislation and regulations to govern this new form of aerial movement. Whereas some states advocated free and open access to airspace and unrestricted aerial movement, other nations pursued a more protectionist stance based on regulation and reciprocal access arrangements. Technological developments in aircraft design and performance, combined with changing global political relations and the introduction of new forms of economic regulation have all fundamentally affected the development of air transport.

Symbols of safety, reassurance, and guidance, lighthouses hold a special fascination for many people. On the Great Lakes, lighthouses - "northern lights" - helped to open the region to settlement and supported the growth of commercial trade. To this day, they continue to light the way for thousands of recreational boaters. In this definitive guide to the lighthouses of the Great Lakes, Charles Hyde describes the histories of more than one hundred and sixty individual lighthouses that still exist on Lakes Erie, Huron, Michigan, and Superior, and the straits of Mackinac. He also describes the lives of early lighthouse keepers and their families, the heroes and heroines who lived in isolation, dedicated to aiding travelers in distress. Hyde documents maritime history from the early eighteenth century, when the first lighthouses were built in North America, and the subsequent growth of commerce on the Great Lakes. He also provides a general history of the United States Lighthouse Service and its descendants and examines how these organizations have functioned on the Great Lakes. As the shipping industry flourished, so too did the necessity for lighthouses. With their proliferation came a demand for more sophisticated structures. This book describes the changing design of lighthouses and the equipment that produces their beacons.

Social inclusion/exclusion has only recently emerged in transport-related discourse. Despite the apparent absence of a transport policy framework for social inclusion/exclusion, there has been some movement towards a greater understanding of the social aspects of transport in the research sphere. This book brings together some of this research, focusing on ethnicity - an area that has, so far, had little discussion in the traditional transport literature, thereby contributing to the exploration of the interface between transport and social exclusion. In particular, it examines the contribution that demand management measures can make to the reduction of the negative impacts of road-based transport. It questions whether methods such as road user charging and work place parking can be used as instruments for social inclusion, and analyses the potential negative impacts of these schemes if sufficient attention is not paid to ethnicity issues.

This title was first published in 2000. With an emphasis on land-based passenger transport - particularly rail and road - this collection assesses the implications for regulation and competition of integrated transport policies. Contributions to the volume trace the evolution of transport policy, focus on the pricing of infrastructure, examine the effectiveness of competition and the adequacy of the regulatory framework in the United Kingdom.

This title was first published in 2002: There is a multitude of assessment methods available for analyzing and reporting on the impacts of policies, all with different underlying assumptions and a wide range of criteria. Since the 1950s, much research has gone into creating guidelines for policy analysis, yet only a small percentage of evaluation has been carried out on transport policy - and none by political scientists or social policy specialists. The editors of this volume recognize that European integration has seen a drive to bring policy evaluation on to the transport agenda and has increased demands for 'strategic assessments'. It has become apparent that to gain a fuller understanding of the success of a transport programme, a much more complex combination of analytical methods must be used, and a set of guidelines specifically for the field of transport must be developed. This book achieves this by bringing together a multidisciplinary team of analysts from throughout the EU to discuss in a much broader way the various types of assessment methods and how they can best be used to evaluate transport programmes and systems, both individually and in combination.

This title was first published in 2002. In the last few decades, relationships within the transport and logistics industry have become more complex due to the rising importance of information and communication technology, the growth of just-in-time delivery and increasing globalization. Such changes call for new forms of training, both managerial and vocational, for the continued development of the industry. This detailed and enterprising volume focuses on the transnational integrated training FIT Project (Formazione Integrata Transnazionale) set up within the European Programme ADAPT, which brought together academics and professionals to boost transport and logistics in Southern Italy. The project highlights cultural, motivational and training differences among the companies studied and suggests proper strategies for human resource development. Through an original methodology, it advocates an innovative and modular training programme to meet the needs of expertise and flexibility within the sector. The results can be used by the industry in general as best practice operative guidelines.

This title was first published in 2000. This text focuses on one geographical and economical area - the Asia-Pacific region, on one type of decision makers - commercial shipowners, and on one type of business strategy - corporate level strategy, to show economic change and how organizations manage that change. This book discusses the challenges that shipowners face to take advantage of that growth. It also looks at the lack of information on strategic decision making that could assist the shipowners in taking advantage of the economic situation. The chapters cover the types of business strategies available and how to select the criteria for selecting one of those strategies.

This title was first published in 2001. A delightfully oriented selection of international state-of-the-art research in applied regional science, this informative volume places particular emphasis on the use of qualitative/quantitative methodologies in transportation and spatial dynamics. It presents new theoretical contributions in the context of spatial competition dynamics, particularly illustrating various combinations of methods and models regarding new measures of competition/cohesion in the two main fields of transportation and spatial dynamics.

Authors' ad copy***Use whenever possible*** The Clean Air Act of 1991 and the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1994 require that metropolitan transportation planning agencies give high priority to the improvement of air quality. Under these laws, transportation planners must design regional highway and transit systems that contribute substantially to the attainment of federal air quality standards. This new requirement reveals important limitations to the standard methods by which transportation planners do their work. The mathematical models and statistical techniques used by transportation planners appear to be inadequate to enable them to analyze the air quality implications of alternative transportation plans. This was the situation when a group of environmental organizations brought suit in federal district court alleging that the Metropolitan Transportation Commission in the San Francisco Bay area had violated requirements of these laws in its transportation planning and highway funding activities. This volume provides an account of the legal dispute that pitted environmentalists against regional transportation planners, and which demonstrated that regional transportation planning methods are in need of substantial improvement. This monograph should be of interest to urban planners, environmentalists, public policy analysts, and those who apply mathematical modeling and statistical analysis to questions of public policy. The authors--an attorney and a transportation planner who took part in the lawsuit--analyze the specific arguments made by both sides in this important legal action, and draw from the specific case broader conclusions about the role of technical analysis in public policy making. *************************************************************** Urban planning does not and cannot exist in isolation--there are a large number of external factors that impact on a planner's work including politics and the planning commission; environmental impact studies; and national, state, and local legislation. Focusing on the interrelations between federal legislation, the judicial process, and transportation planning, Transportation Planning on Trial examines the interaction between regional transportation planning and environmental, particularly air, quality. This unique volume is designed to help urban planners understand the legal restrictions and requirements that directly impact how they operate. It considers two recent federal legislation pieces--the Clean Air Act of 1990 and the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991--that mark the most important landmarks in a decade-long shift in emphasis in regional transportation planning. This groundbreaking volume will be vitally important to transportation planners, students of urban and transportation planning, transportation policymakers, environmentalists and environmental lawyers.

This book, originally published in 1993, develops for the US automobile industry a demand-supply model which incorporates both wholesale and retail sectors and which allows strategic pricing behaviour of US and Japanese producers to be internally determined and its effects on market behaviour and national welfare analyzed. It develops the framework for and presents the results of an econometric simulation of the transaction and wholesale prices, quantities demanded and produced, manufacturer's costs and factor demands. The impact of the Voluntary Export Restraint of 1981 on profits and consumer welfare are generated from the simulation results.

The airline industry is a vast international business that is central to world economies. In today's environment, it faces many challenges and a tight operational strategy is vital to survive.
In-flight catering is a central part of these strategies at all levels: be they customer satisfaction, marketing, operations or logistics. Fully endorsed by the International Flight Catering Association, Flight Catering is an authoritative guide to this specialised and vital area on the catering industry. With an international team of contributions from both academia and industry it provides a user friendly guide, taking the reader through every aspect from marketing and on board service, to cost control and logistics.
* Fully endorsed by the International Flight Catering Association.
* Academic and practitioner contributor team provide a practical and user friendly guide to every aspect of this vital part of the airline industry.
* Unique and authoritative guide to the principles and practice of in-flight catering.

This book, originally published in 1985, examines the development of the car industry in Coventry within both its local context and the wider economic environment. It is a study of expansion and adjustment which reflects the broader pattern of Britain's industrial history. The book analyses the emergence and early dominance of Coventry's motor manufacturers, the appearance of the volume producers in the 1920s and the instability of the post-war era. The relationship between cars and other sectors of the local economy, particularly cycles, machine tools and aircraft, is discussed, while the significance of the two world wars receive special attention. Extensive use is made of original sources material, much of which, prior to publication, had received little or no attention from business historians.

This book provides an up-to-date insight to the many innovations of the indigenous aerospace industry from a socio-economic perspective, a final frontier of Chinese technology that will shape global competitive dynamics in the 21st century. An industry that relies on human capital to engage in concept-intensive high tech production, this book discusses the future prospect of the Chinese system within the increasing power of global firms over high tech labour. The author also introduces a systematic discussion of industrial democracy in the high tech sector within Chinese state capitalism, and compares and contrasts the Chinese model with Anglo-American and Latin European models within the aerospace industry. Utilizing original primary data, it provides a unique first-hand perspective of industrial democracy within the Chinese aerospace industry.

Originally published in 1975 this book charts the history of Foden, a name inseparably linked with the growth and development of the haulage industry. The history of Foden provides the perfect backdrop to the history of the entire industry and the commercial vehicle generally, as it unfolds against the political, social and industrial scenes of the Victorian and Edwardian eras, as well as the inter-war years and up to the mid 1970s.

Human error is implicated in nearly all aviation accidents, yet most investigation and prevention programs are not designed around any theoretical framework of human error. Appropriate for all levels of expertise, the book provides the knowledge and tools required to conduct a human error analysis of accidents, regardless of operational setting (i.e. military, commercial, or general aviation). The book contains a complete description of the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS), which incorporates James Reason's model of latent and active failures as a foundation. Widely disseminated among military and civilian organizations, HFACS encompasses all aspects of human error, including the conditions of operators and elements of supervisory and organizational failure. It attracts a very broad readership. Specifically, the book serves as the main textbook for a course in aviation accident investigation taught by one of the authors at the University of Illinois. This book will also be used in courses designed for military safety officers and flight surgeons in the U.S. Navy, Army and the Canadian Defense Force, who currently utilize the HFACS system during aviation accident investigations. Additionally, the book has been incorporated into the popular workshop on accident analysis and prevention provided by the authors at several professional conferences world-wide. The book is also targeted for students attending Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University which has satellite campuses throughout the world and offers a course in human factors accident investigation for many of its majors. In addition, the book will be incorporated into courses offered by Transportation Safety International and the Southern California Safety Institute. Finally, this book serves as an excellent reference guide for many safety professionals and investigators already in the field.

Marine accidents can occur at any time and everywhere in the world, resulting in loss of life, property, environment and reputation of the companies involved. Preventing accidents and establishing a safer world without accidents is an important agenda for the maritime industry. Since the enforcement of the International Safety Management Code in 1998, companies have taken various kinds of measures to prevent accidents. Unfortunately, measures have been undertaken in a disorganized manner, and have not been effective. Experts of risk management, the safety management system, and accident models have each undertaken accident preventive measures within the scope of their specific fields, but have not looked beyond the realm of their own fields. This book discusses systematic accident prevention by integrating multi-disciplinary expertise based on academic research, the quality management system which has already proved its effectiveness in other fields, and findings of the author's research. In systematic accident prevention, the weaknesses of a system within which accidents and incidents have occurred are viewed by combining scientific accident investigation data based on the International Maritime Organization model and the accident model. The nature of every type of marine accident, such as collisions, groundings, occupational casualties, etc., are derived by combining the accident model and statistical data. System weaknesses are rectified by the risk reduction method of risk management, and the rectified performance is incorporated in improvement in the system by the PDCA cycle, which is the core of the Safety Management System. We can see the weakness in the system and reduce the number of accidents and incidents while utilizing limited resources optimally to prevent accidents and incidents.

This book has clear aims: to address both the multi-faceted challenge - that the industry has never made any sustainable profits, and some possible opportunities for its different constituents (e.g. management, labor, and governments) to enable airlines to break out of the almost zero profit-margin game. It provides pragmatic insights into: the complexities of the airline business; the actual and perceived obstacles to achieving reasonable profit margin; past and present (successful and unsuccessful) strategies; plausible future prospects for global passenger growth; and alternative airline business models - particularly the type of models that have led to enduring success for a few. The audience includes airline senior executives, members of the board, major shareholders, government policy makers, labor leadership, the airline investment community, aircraft manufacturers.

Situations and systems are easier to change than the human condition - particularly when people are well-trained and well-motivated, as they usually are in maintenance organisations. This is a down-to-earth practitioner's guide to managing maintenance error, written in Dr. Reason's highly readable style. It deals with human risks generally and the special human performance problems arising in maintenance, as well as providing an engineer's guide for their understanding and the solution. After reviewing the types of error and violation and the conditions that provoke them, the author sets out the broader picture, illustrated by examples of three system failures. Central to the book is a comprehensive review of error management, followed by chapters on:- managing person, the task and the team; - the workplace and the organization; - creating a safe culture; It is then rounded off and brought together, in such a way as to be readily applicable for those who can make it work, to achieve a greater and more consistent level of safety in maintenance activities. The readership will include maintenance engineering staff and safety officers and all those in responsible roles in critical and systems-reliant environments, including transportation, nuclear and conventional power, extractive and other chemical processing and manufacturing industries and medicine.