This book covers the parameterization of entry capsules, including Apollo capsules and planetary probes, and winged entry vehicles such as the Space Shuttle and lifting bodies. The aerodynamic modelling is based on a variety of panel methods that take shadowing into account, and it has been validated with flight and wind tunnel data of Apollo and the Space Shuttle. The shape optimization is combined with constrained trajectory analysis, and the multi-objective approach provides the engineer with a Pareto front of optimal shapes. The method detailed in Conceptual Shape Optimization of Entry Vehicles is straightforward, and the output gives the engineer insight in the effect of shape variations on trajectory performance. All applied models and algorithms used are explained in detail, allowing for reconstructing the design tool to the researcher's requirements. Conceptual Shape Optimization of Entry Vehicles will be of interest to both researchers and graduate students in the field of aerospace engineering, and to practitioners within the aerospace industry.

This book presents an up-to-date overview on the main classes of metallic materials currently used in aeronautical structures and propulsion engines and discusses other materials of potential interest for structural aerospace applications. The coverage encompasses light alloys such as aluminum-, magnesium-, and titanium-based alloys, including titanium aluminides; steels; superalloys; oxide dispersion strengthened alloys; refractory alloys; and related systems such as laminate composites. In each chapter, materials properties and relevant technological aspects, including processing, are presented. Individual chapters focus on coatings for gas turbine engines and hot corrosion of alloys and coatings. Readers will also find consideration of applications in aerospace-related fields. The book takes full account of the impact of energy saving and environmental issues on materials development, reflecting the major shifts that have occurred in the motivations guiding research efforts into the development of new materials systems. Aerospace Alloys will be a valuable reference for graduate students on materials science and engineering courses and will also provide useful information for engineers working in the aerospace, metallurgical, and energy production industries.

This book explores the development of navigation in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It examines the role of men of science, seamen and practitioners across Europe, and the realities of navigational practice, showing that old and new methods were complementary not exclusive, their use dependent on many competing factors.

The invention of the airplane redefined the way in which people travel, conduct commerce, spend their leisure time, and wage war. From the Wright brothers' wood-and-fabric Flyer to the modern jet aircraft, the airplane has evolved in countless ways as its many uses have unfolded. The development of safe and efficient air travel required solving multiple engineering riddles about aerodynamics, control, propulsion, and structures. This volume in the Greenwood Technographies series shows how the solutions to these riddles have helped spur dramatic changes in the world's social and cultural life. Airplanes: The Life Story of a Technology: Shows both students and general readers how the airplane has become such an integral part of daily life Shows how the airplane altered military doctrine, completely changing how modern wars are fought and won Demonstrates the importance of govenrment and society in the aeronautical revolution of the 1920s and 1930s Examines the new revolution of jet engines that required new ideas in airplane propulsion and design Discusses the commercial airlines and the effect of economic deregulation. The volume includes a glossary of terms, a timeline of important events, and a selected bibliography of useful resources for further information.

This book reports on the German research initiative ComFliTe (Computational Flight Testing), the main goal of which was to enhance the capabilities of and tools for numerical simulation in flight physics to support future aircraft design and development. The initiative was coordinated by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and promoted collaboration between the aircraft industry and academia. Activities focused on improving physical modeling for separated flows, developing advanced numerical algorithms for series computations and sensitivity predictions, as well as surrogate and reduced order modeling for aero data production and developing robust fluid-, structure- and flight mechanics coupling procedures. Further topics included more efficient handling of aircraft control surfaces and improving simulation methods for maneuvers, such as gust encounter. The important results of this three-year initiative were presented during the ComFliTe closing symposium, which took place at the DLR in Braunschweig, Germany, on 11-12 June 2012. Computational Flight Testing addresses both students and researchers in the areas of mathematics, numerical simulation and optimization methods, as well as professionals in aircraft design working at the forefront of their field.

"Applications of Neural Networks in High Assurance Systems" is the first book directly addressing a key part of neural network technology: methods used to pass the tough verification and validation (V&V) standards required in many safety-critical applications. The book presents what kinds of evaluation methods have been developed across many sectors, and how to pass the tests. A new adaptive structure of V&V is developed in this book, different from the simple six sigma methods usually used for large-scale systems and different from the theorem-based approach used for simplified component subsystems.

This thesis offers new insights into the fluid flow behavior of automotive centrifugal compressors operating under near-stall conditions. Firstly it discusses the validation of three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) unsteady simulations against acoustic experimental measurements using an original procedure based on plane wave pressure decomposition. It then examines the configuration of the CFD cases, highlighting the key parameters needed for a successful calculation. Moreover, it describes both the compressor mean and unsteady flow field from best-efficiency to near-surge operating points. Lastly, it provides readers with explanations of the various phenomena that arise when the mass flow rate is reduced and the compressor is driven to poor and noisy performance. Written for students, researchers and professionals who want to improve their understanding of the complex fluid flow behavior in centrifugal compressors, the thesis offers valuable practical insights into reducing the acoustic emissions of turbochargers.

Optimal Control of Hybrid Vehicles provides a description of power train control for hybrid vehicles. The background, environmental motivation and control challenges associated with hybrid vehicles are introduced. The text includes mathematical models for all relevant components in the hybrid power train. The power split problem in hybrid power trains is formally described and several numerical solutions detailed, including dynamic programming and a novel solution for state-constrained optimal control problems based on the maximum principle. Real-time-implementable strategies that can approximate the optimal solution closely are dealt with in depth. Several approaches are discussed and compared, including a state-of-the-art strategy which is adaptive for vehicle conditions like velocity and mass. Three case studies are included in the book: * a control strategy for a micro-hybrid power train; * experimental results obtained with a real-time strategy implemented in a hybrid electric truck; and * an analysis of the optimal component sizes for a hybrid power train. Optimal Control of Hybrid Vehicles will appeal to academic researchers and graduate students interested in hybrid vehicle control or in the applications of optimal control. Practitioners working in the design of control systems for the automotive industry will also find the ideas propounded in this book of interest.

Many of the engineering problems of particular importance to railways arise at interfaces and the safety-critical role of the wheel/rail interface is widely acknowledged. Better understanding of wheel/rail interfaces is therefore critical to improving the capacity, reliability and safety of the railway system.
Wheel-rail interface handbook is a one-stop reference for railway engineering practitioners and academic researchers. Part one provides the fundamentals of contact mechanics, wear, fatigue and lubrication as well as state-of-the-art research and emerging technologies related to the wheel/rail interface and its management. Part two offers an overview of industrial practice from several different regions of the world, thereby providing an invaluable international perspective with practitioners experience of managing the wheel/rail interface in a variety of environments and circumstances.
This comprehensive volume will enable practising railway engineers, in whatever discipline of railway engineering - infrastructure, vehicle design and safety, and so on - to enhance their understanding of wheel/rail issues, which have a major influence on the running of a reliable, efficient and safe railway.
One-stop reference on the important topic of wheel rail-interfacesPresents the fundamentals of contact mechanics, wear, fatigue and lubricationExamines state-of-the-art research and emerging technologies related to wheel-rail interface and its management"

This book focuses on emerging technologies in the field of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs) namely efficient information dissemination between vehicles, infrastructures, pedestrians and public transportation systems. It covers the state-of-the-art of Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs), with centralized and decentralized (Peer-to-Peer) communication architectures, considering several application scenarios. With a detailed treatment of emerging communication paradigms, including cross networking and distributed algorithms. Unlike most of the existing books, this book presents a multi-layer overview of information dissemination systems, from lower layers (MAC) to high layers (applications). All those aspects are investigated considering the use of mobile devices, such as smartphones/tablets and embedded systems, i.e. technologies that during last years completely changed the current market, the user expectations, and communication networks. The presented networking paradigms are supported and validated by means of extensive simulative analysis and real field deployments in different application scenarios. This book represents a reference for professional technologist, postgraduates and researchers in the area of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs), wireless communication and distributed systems.

Over the last decade, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has become a - ture technology for the development of new products in aeronautical industry. Aerodynamic design engineers have progressively taken advantage of the pos- bilities o?ered by the numericalsolutionof the Reynolds averagedNavier-Stokes (RANS) equations. Signi?cant improvements in physical modeling and solution algorithms as well as the enormous increase of computer power enable hi- ?delity numerical simulations in all stages of aircraft development. In Germany, the national CFD project MEGAFLOW furthered the dev- opment and availability of RANS solvers for the prediction of complex ?ow problemssigni?cantly. MEGAFLOWwasinitiated by the?rstaviationresearch programoftheFederalGovernmentin1995undertheleadershipoftheDLR(see Kroll, N. , Fassbender, J. K. (Eds). : MEGAFLOW - Numerical Flow Simulation for Aircraft Design; Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, Volume 89, Springer, 2005). A network from aircraft industry, DLR and several universities was created with the goal to focus and direct development activities for numerical ?ow simulation towards a common aerodynamic si- lation system providing both a block-structured (FLOWer-Code) and a hybrid (TAU-Code) parallel ? ow prediction capability. Today, both codes have reached a high level of maturity and reliability. They are routinely used at DLR and German aeronautic industry for a wide range of aerodynamic applications. For many universities the MEGAFLOW software represents a platform for the - provementofphysicalmodelsandfortheinvestigationofcomplex?owproblems. The network was established as an e?cient group of very closely co-operating partners with supplementing expertises and experience.

Corrosion control in the aerospace industry has always been important, but is becoming more so with the ageing of the aircraft fleet. Corrosion control in the aerospace industry provides a comprehensive review of the subject with real-world perspectives and approaches to corrosion control and prevention.
Part one discusses the fundamentals of corrosion and the cost of corrosion with chapters on such topics as corrosion and the threat to aircraft structural integrity and the effect of corrosion on aluminium alloys. Part two then reviews corrosion monitoring, evaluation and prediction including non-destructive evaluation of corrosion, integrated health and corrosion monitoring systems, modelling of corrosion and fatigue on aircraft structures and corrosion control in space launch vehicles. Finally, Part three covers corrosion protection and prevention, including chapters which discuss coating removal techniques, novel corrosion schemes, greases and their role in corrosion control and business strategies in fleet maintenance.
With its distinguished editor and team of expert contributors, Corrosion control in the aerospace industry is a standard reference for everyone involved in the maintenance and daily operation of aircraft, as well as those concerned with aircraft safety, designers of aircraft, materials scientists and corrosion experts.
Discusses the fundamentals of corrosion and the cost of corrosion to the aerospace industryExamines the threat corrosion poses to aircraft structural integrity and the effect of corrosion on the mechanical behaviour of aircraftReviews methods for corrosion monitoring, evaluation and prediction examining both current practices and future trends

Here is the first reference guide to the major sources for the study of recreational vehicles, boats, and aircraft in the context of American history and popular culture. It provides brief histories of the various types of vehicles and bibliographic essays on published and unpublished sources for further study. Reference works, histories, fiction, and specialized journals relating to the topic of recreational travel are described and analyzed. Appendixes list numerous museums, trade associations, and specialized organizations concerned with leisure travel, as well as films and video tapes.

In this issue of Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design (NNFM) the results of the collaborative research center SFB 401 Flow Modulation and Fluid-Structure Interaction at Airplane Wings at the Rheinisch-Westf. alische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University are reported. The funding was provided by the Deutsche Forschungsgeme- schaft (DFG). The research was performed from 1997 through 2008 and on the average consisted of more than 14 subprojects per year. Approximately 110 scientists from universities of the Austria, Belgium, France, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, Russia, South Korea, S- den, Switzerland, United States, and international research organizations such as DLR, NASA, NLR, ONERA were invited. The distinct scientists from all over the world gave seminars on topics related to the research ?elds tackled in the collaborative research center SFB 401. Some of them stayed for just a few days, others were hosted for a longer time to intensify the joint research. Besidesthescienti?cvaluetheFlow Modulation and Fluid-StructureInt- action at Airplane Wings programpossessesapronouncededucationalmerit. This becomes evident by the fact that 35 doctoral theses, 80 diploma theses, and 117 study theses were stimulated by the research program of the SFB 401 and ?nished before 2010. The authors of this issue of NNFM acknowledge the valuable support fromall guestscientists and everybodyscienti?callyinvolvedin the SFB 401.

Theoretical Modelling of Aeroheating on Sharpened Noses under Rarefied Gas Effects and Nonequilibrium Real Gas Effects employs a theoretical modeling method to study hypersonic flows and aeroheating on sharpened noses under rarefied gas effects and nonequilibrium real gas effects that are beyond the scope of traditional fluid mechanics. It reveals the nonlinear and nonequilibrium features, discusses the corresponding flow and heat transfer mechanisms, and ultimately establishes an analytical engineering theory framework for hypersonic rarefied and chemical nonequilibrium flows. The original analytical findings presented are not only of great academic significance, but also hold considerable potential for applications in engineering practice. The study explores a viable new approach, beyond the heavily relied-upon numerical methods and empirical formulas, to the present research field, which could be regarded as a successful implementation of the idea and methodology of the engineering sciences.

This is the first book to combine classical vehicle dynamics with electronic control. The equation-based presentation of the theory behind vehicle dynamics enables readers to develop a thorough understanding of the key attribute to both a vehicle's driveability and its active safety. Supported by MATLAB tools, the key areas that affect vehicle dynamics are explored including tire mechanics, the steering system, vehicle roll, traction and braking, 4WS and vehicle dynamics, vehicle dynamics by vehicle and human control, and controllabiliy.
As a professional reference volume, this book is an essential addition to the resources available to anyone working in vehicle design and development. Written by a leading authority in the field (who himself has considerable practical experience), the book has a unique blend of theory and practice that will be of immense value in this applications based field.
* Get a thorough understand of why vehicles respond they way they do with a complete treatment of vehicle dynamics from theory to application
* Full of case studies and worked examples using MATLAB/Simulink
* Covers all variables of vehicle dynamics including tire and vehicle motion, control aspects, human control and external disturbances

first industrial application of MPC was in 1973. A key motivation was to provide better performance than could be obtained with the widely-used PID controller whilst making it easy to replace the PID controller unit or module with his new algorithm. It was the advent of digital control technology and the use of software control algorithms that made this replacement easier and more acceptable to process engineers. A decade of industrial practice with PFC was reported in the archival literature by Jacques Richalet et al. in 1978 in an important seminal Automatica paper. Around this time, Cutler and Ramaker published the dynamic matrix control algorithm that also used knowledge of future reference signals to determine a sequence of control signal adjustment. Thus, the theoretical and practical development of predictive control methods was underway and subsequent developments included those of generalized predictive control, and the whole armoury of MPC methods. Jacques Richalet's approach to PFC was to seek an algorithm that was: * easy to understand; * easy to install; * easy to tune and optimise. He sought a new modular control algorithm that could be readily used by the control-technician engineer or the control-instrument engineer. It goes without saying that this objective also forms a good market strategy.

With a focus on the navigational tools invented by each age and civilization, Launer traces the evolution of humankind's navigational skills from the Kamal of the Arabs and the Lead-line first used by the Romans to the radio and satellite communication devices available to modern sailors. He pays homage to the Polynesians who, in the absence of a written language were able to pass down their navigational skills through generations, and to the adventurous Vikings, who managed to find their way from Scandinavia to England, Iceland, Greenland and beyond; but he also covers the practical applications of the complex technologies found on most boats today, such as GPS. Generous illustrations help readers envision the tools in use.

Navigation Through the Ages will appeal to sailors and lay readers alikeanyone with an interest in the history of science and the exploration of our world.

The aim of the book is to present and discuss new methods, issues and challenges involved in geoinformatics' contribution to making transportation more intelligent, efficient and human-friendly. It covers a wide range of topics related to transportation and geoinformatics. The themes are divided into four main sections: Transport modeling, Sensor data and services, Intelligent transport systems, and Transport planning and accessibility.

This book throws a lifeline to designers wading through mounds of antenna array patents looking for the most suitable systems for their projects. Drastically reducing the research time required to locate solutions to the latest challenges in automotive communications, it sorts and systematizes material on cutting-edge antenna arrays that feature multi-element communication systems with enormous potential for the automotive industry. These new systems promise to make driving safer and more efficient, opening up myriad applications, including vehicle-to-vehicle traffic that prevents collisions, automatic toll collection, vehicle location and fine-tuning for cruise control systems. This book's exhaustive coverage begins with currently deployed systems, frequency ranges and key parameters. It proceeds to examine system geometry, analog and digital beam steering technology (including "smart" beams formed in noisy environments), maximizing signal-to-noise ratios, miniaturization, and base station technology that facilitates in-car connectivity while on the move. An essential guide for technicians working in a fast-developing field, this new volume will be warmly welcomed as a powerful aid in their endeavors.

Railways are an environmentally friendly means of transport well suited to modern society. However, noise and vibration are key obstacles to further development of the railway networks for high-speed intercity traffic, for freight and for suburban metros and light-rail. All too often noise problems are dealt with inefficiently due to lack of understanding of the problem.
This book brings together coverage of the theory of railway noise and vibration with practical applications of noise control technology at source to solve noise and vibration problems from railways. Each source of noise and vibration is described in a systematic way: rolling noise, curve squeal, bridge noise, aerodynamic noise, ground vibration and ground-borne noise, and vehicle interior noise.
Theoretical modelling approaches are introduced for each source in a tutorial fashion
Practical applications of noise control technology are presented using the theoretical models
Extensive examples of application to noise reduction techniques are included
Railway Noise and Vibration is a hard-working reference and will be invaluable to all who have to deal with noise and vibration from railways, whether working in the industry or in consultancy or academic research.
David Thompson is Professor of Railway Noise and Vibration at the Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, University of Southampton. He has worked in the field of railway noise since 1980, with British Rail Research in Derby, UK, and TNO Institute of Applied Physics in the Netherlands before moving to Southampton in 1996. He was responsible for developing the TWINS software for predicting rolling noise.
* Discusses fully the theoretical background and practical workings of railway noise
* Includes the latest research findings, brought together in one place
* Forms an extended case study in the application of noise control techniques"

This book presents operational and practical issuesof automotive mechatronics with special emphasis on the heterogeneous automotive vehicle systems approach, and is intended as a graduate text as well as a reference for scientists and engineers involved in the design of automotive mechatronic control systems.

As the complexity of automotive vehicles increases, so does the dearth of high competence, multi-disciplined automotive scientists and engineers. This book provides a discussion into the type of mechatronic control systems found in modernvehicles and the skills required by automotive scientists and engineers working in this environment.

Divided into two volumes and five parts, "Automotive Mechatronics" aimsat improving automotive mechatronics education and emphasises the trainingof students' experimental hands-on abilities, stimulating and promoting experience among high education institutes and produce more automotive mechatronics and automation engineers.

The main subject that are treated are:

VOLUME I: RBW or XBW unibody or chassis-motion mechatronic control hypersystems;DBW AWD propulsion mechatronic control systems; BBW AWB dispulsion mechatronic control systems;

VOLUME II: SBW AWS conversion mechatronic control systems; ABW AWA suspension mechatronic control systems.

This volumewas developed for undergraduate and postgraduate students as wellas for professionals involved in all disciplines related to the design or research and development of automotive vehicle dynamics, powertrains, brakes, steering, and shock absorbers (dampers). Basic knowledge of college mathematics, college physics, and knowledge of the functionality of automotive vehicle basic propulsion, dispulsion, conversion and suspension systems is required.

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