Contents:
Part I. Violence and the State 1. Introduction Charles Coppel 2. From Soepomo to Prabowo: Rethinking the State? The Failure of Legal Responses to Violence in Indonesia Tim Lindsey Part II. Regions of Violence 3. E/In-venting the May 1998 Tragedy: Problematic Representations of Violence in Contemporary Indonesia Sai Siew-Min 4. Discursive Violence on the Internet and the May 1998 Riots Elaine Tay 5. The other May riots: Anti-Chinese violence in Salo, May 1998 Jemma Purdey 6. Violence and Ideology in the Murder of Sorcerers in East Java's Malang Regency: The People, the State and the Press Nick Herriman 7. Passing the Red Bowl: Tracking Threads of Blood in West Kalimantan Nancy Lee Peluso 8. The Maluku Wars: 'Communal Contenders' in a Failing State Gerry van Klinken 9. Migration, Provocateurs and Communal Violence: The Cases of Ambon and West Kalimantan Anne Loveband & Ken Young 10. Provoking Violence, Authenticating Separatism: Indonesian Armed Forces (TNI) and the Free Aceh Movement (GAM) Elizabeth Drexler 11. Ceremonies of Reconciliation as prelude to violence in Suai, East Timor James Fox 12. Graffiti for a Truer Kind of Politics: Death, Revenge and Building in East Timor Jacqueline Siapno 13. Violence and Alienation in West Papua Richard Chauvel Part III. After the Violence 14. Indonesian Media Representations of Violence Stanley Adi Prasetyo 15. Publishing Books About Violence in Indonesia Bimo Nugroho 16. Educating to Handle Conflict and Avoid Violence Rizal Panggabean 17. The National Commission on Violence Against Women in Indonesia Mely G. Tan 18. Tortured Body, Betrayed Heart: State Violence in the narratives of ex- 'Communist' Indonesian political prisoners Budiawa Purwadi 19. Violence, Internal Displacement and Its Impact on Women in Aceh Suraiya Kamaruzzaman 20. Those who try are Paralysed: the Political Economy of Violence and Victims in Indoneia Hilmar Farid

From the war on terror to the rise of China, this book unlocks the major strategic themes and security challenges of the early twenty-first century. Strategy and Security in the Asia-Pacific provides the analytical frameworks needed to make sense of this complex but exciting strategic universe. Offering a unique mix of global strategic thinking and Asia-Pacific security analysis, this book is for readers from Sydney to Seoul who want to put their own local security challenges in a wider regional and global context. It is also for North American and European readers requiring an understanding of the dynamic security developments in the Asia-Pacific region around which so much of global strategy is increasingly based. The really vital questions facing the international community are dealt with here: Why do governments and groups still use armed force? Has warfare really changed in the information age? Why should we be concerned about non-traditional security challenges such as water shortages and the spread of infectious disease? Is a great clash imminent between the United States and China? What are the prospects for peace on the Korean peninsula and between India and Pakistan? Can Southeast Asia survive the challenges of transnational terrorism? What does security mean for the Pacific island countries and for Australia and New Zealand? With contributions from leading commentators and analysts, Strategy and Security in the Asia-Pacific offers a comprehensive and authoritative introduction to the field.

Survivor Criminology: A Radical Act of Hope is a trauma-informed approach to the study of crime and justice that stems from the lived experiences of crime survivors. The chapters within this volume explore our authors' who have each had close personal encounters with violence and death, as well as institutionalized oppressions based on racism, heterosexism, sexism, and poverty. As scholars, professors, practitioners, and students in the field, these lived experiences with crime and criminal justice have shaped their research, teaching, and advocacy work. Their voices represent experiences that are intersectional, mult-igenerational, global, trauma-informed and resiliency focused. They are deliberately and decidedly anti-racist, and their experiences acknowledge the harm that has resulted from institutionalized and structural trauma. Most importantly, their stories are grounded in their lived experiences. This volume offers survivor criminology as a radical act of hope. Our hope comes from the belief that a trauma-centered approach to crime, justice, and healing provides the opportunity for criminology to expand its theoretical and methodological roots. We see this work as transformative for the discipline - for students, scholars, members of the community, and policy-makers.

This collection of essays explores the co-implication of violence and performance in a range of geopolitical locations. It addresses the problem of local/global violence through the optic of performance studies, examining the constitutive role of violence, and the more global concerns about how violence is performed in the modern world.

Schell and Lanteigne provide a clear, objective, responsible, and readable analysis of the facts of stalking crimes against people in the workplace -- and a practical guide to protecting the organization against them. The authors have taken as their purpose the task of helping to reduce the potential for workplace and personal tragedies. They not only make people aware of the stalking cycle and the stages commonly found in stalking incidents, but they give ways to prevent the cycle from escalating into disaster. Their goal is to help organizations develop policies and strategies to identify and suppress stalking before it's too late. Their book is unique in several ways: it expands on other presentations of the topic; it goes into detail about how stalking victims act and react and why they deny that stalking is happening to them, and it provides clinical insights into the ways stalkers think and behave -- and why.

Schell and Lanteigne differentiate sexual harrassment incidents from stalking. Their theme: If there is a stalking problem, it needs to be identified and corrected early. They detail various interventions proposed by experts in forensic psychiatry, law enforcement and security, and human resource management. With numerous case histories of real-life stalking incidents and responses from victims and their organizations' management, the authors make clear what can go wrong with an inappropriate intervention, and what individuals, businesses, and organizations can do to turn a psychologically devastating and potentially life threatening situation around. Their red flag indicators help readers to understand that a stalking crime may be happening to them. The authors also give readers and their supervisors the resources they need to deal with it. The result is an important contribution to the literature on a growing, extremely dangerous crime in today's organizations, and an essential resource for executives and managers who are compelled to cope with it.

What factors contribute to the making of a youthful sexual offender? This book is designed to assist professionals working with youth who sexually offend. A distinguished panel of experts discusses the latest research and provides theory, techniques, and practical guidelines for the assessment and treatment of this challenging population. Identifying and Treating Youth Who Sexually Offend: Current Approaches, Techniques, and Research lays an essential foundation with a theoretical overview that frames the subject in a clear, easy-to-follow style. This section includes: a comprehensive overview of the controversies, definitions, and salient characteristics of youth who sexually offend that that provides an understanding of the factors believed to be related to sex offending among youth as well as an up-to-date review of current theory an examination of an etiological model that is frequently applied to adult sex offenders is it applicable for use with youthful offenders?The second section of Identifying and Treating Youth Who Sexually Offend tackles the challenges professionals face when conducting assessments of sexually abusive youth.This section is designed to help the clinicians of today and tomorrow become better equipped to handle the daunting task of assessment from choosing assessment tools to decreasing denial with specific interviewing techniques.Readers will learn: how to distinguish subtypes among this population with a research review and comparative descriptions of clinical and empirical typologies as well as discussion of the Trauma Outcome Process model and practical examples for clinicians how to predict the rate of re-offense among youth who sexually offend, with a review of five risk assessment methods and four scales plus directions for using them includes the Juvenile Sex Offender Assessment Protocol (JSOAP), the Protective Factors Scale (PFS), and the Estimate of Risk of Adolescent Sex Offender Recidivism (ERASOR) the nuts and bolts of the interviewing and clinical assessment phase of treatment a look at effective interviewing strategies, the process of change, and the stages of change model the importance of family therapy in the treatment of these youth ways to include parents in relapse prevention planning and ways to handle treatment providers' misconceptions and concerns about including family therapy in this type of treatment cognitive-behavioral treatment models for use in outpatient settings with treatment strategies directed toward various individual or family clinical targets, including psychological dysfunctions, sexual deviance, adolescent development and adaptive skills, and parent/family relationships an integrated (holistic) experiential approach to treatment, complete with sample exercises and a discussion of the pros and cons of many current treatment modalities a multi-family group therapy (MFGT) approach with a look at this powerful intervention mode's advantages, including economic benefits, family-to-family support and mentoring, community-based resourcefulness, and accelerated catalyzing of emotions, and directions for how to establish a MFGT format for treatment current practices in residential treatment for adolescent sex offenders policies, testing and assessment procedures, therapeutic approaches used, number of males and females in treatment, etc.The final section of Identifying and Treating Youth Who Sexually Offend explores what happens to youth who sexually offend after they leave treatment.This includes: a survey of the literature on recidivism an evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment of 644 juvenile sex offenders through the meta-analysis of 10 studies with encouraging results a look at the life experiences of a samp

The academic field of peace studies emerged during the Cold War to address the nature and sources of interstate and internal conflict, as well as the methods to prevent this conflict and deal with its consequences.
Peace studies, much like political science itself, is an interdisciplinary field, built upon contributions from psychology, sociology, history and economics among others. It differs from related fields, such as strategic studies or security studies, in its implicit normative and teleological orientation: an expectation that scholarly research can contribute to reducing the sources of conflict to produce a more just and peaceful world.

This book makes an important contribution to the international understanding of domestic violence and shares the latest knowledge of what causes and sustains domestic violence between intimate partners, as well as the effectiveness of responses in working with adult and child victims, and those who act abusively towards their partners. Drawing upon a wide range of contemporary research from across the globe, it recognises that domestic violence is both universal, but also shaped by local cultures and contexts. Divided into seven parts: * Introduction. * Theoretical perspectives on domestic violence and abuse. * Domestic violence and abuse across the life-course. * Manifestations of domestic violence and abuse. * Responding to domestic violence and abuse. * Researching domestic violence and abuse. * Concluding thoughts. It will be of interest to all academics and students working in social work, allied health, sociology, criminology and gender studies as well as policy professionals looking for new approaches to the subject.

Explore current social developments, issues, and controversies concerning young victims! The Victimization of Children: Emerging Issues keeps students and practitioners working with young victims on the cutting edge of the latest research developments regarding crimes against children. Leading experts from the legal, medical, and sociological communities explore some of the most urgent issues involving child victims. Researchers and practitioners in victim services, social work, mental health, public health, and criminal justice will all benefit from this useful resource. While numerous books have been written on the topic of child abuse and neglect, few delve into the more contemporary issues and problems. The Victimization of Children fills a large void in the literature by offering advanced discussions of today's most relevant topics, making this book an in-depth supplement to generic textbooks. Forward-thinking and thought-provoking, this timely resource provides sound research to expand your knowledge base. This book provides insights into such contemporary issues as: the victimization of youths on the Internet children as victims of war and terrorism spatial patterns of child maltreatmentthe concentration of child maltreatment within certain geographical areas religion-related child abuse the role of health care professionals in response to child victimization children with disabilitiesabuse, neglect, and the child welfare system fetal homicideemerging statutory and judicial regulation of third-party assaults legal and social issues surrounding closed-circuit television testimony of child victims and witnesses juvenile courts and their role in addressing family violence The Victimization of Children provides tables, figures, and the latest statistics of various aspects of child victimization to complement the experts' contributions. This book offers new and different responses and interventions to meet the increasingly diverse contexts and situations within which child maltreatment occurs. Emerging trends are explored within this book from a cross-section of disciplines, including law, sociology, criminal justice, psychology, and health services.

Queer survivors piece together the clues to discover their own lives Dangerous Families: Queer Writing on Surviving goes beyond the recovery narrative to create a new queer literature of investigation, exploration, and transformation. Twenty-six stories illuminate the reality of growing up in fear, struggling to rebuild lives damaged by sexual, physical, and/or emotional abuse. The book explores how abuse turns queer survivors-male, female, and transgendered-into healers, heartbreakers, and homicidal maniacs, presenting brilliant stories that sear and soar. Dangerous Families: Queer Writing on Surviving addresses all forms of abuse head-on, representing a cross-section of queer survivors in terms of race, class, ethnicity, education, origin, sexuality, and gender. Contributors use their own life experiences to create a book that takes back control from well-meaning "outsiders," as they recount the daily struggle to overcome the damage done to their minds, bodies, and spirits in a world that denies their gender, sexual, and social identities. From the editor: "Dangerous Families consists entirely of writing by survivors of childhood abuse. That's right-no therapists analyzing our plight, no talk-show hosts exploiting us-just survivors, exploring our complicated, frightening, and fulfilling lives. These stories dispense with the usual technique of carefully massaging the reader's fragile worldview before plunging this unsuspecting innocent into a world of horror. They go right to the horror, the beauty, and the joy, often throwing the reader off-guard, revealing layers of meaning before the reader can step back." Dangerous Families: Queer Writing on Surviving is an anthology of 26 true stories of growing up queer in families that magnify the horrors of the outside world instead of offering protection. The book is an essential read for therapists, caseworkers, cultural studies specialists, and anyone struggling to survive childhood

Globally, rates of sexual violence remain unacceptably high, with disproportionate effects on women and girls. While most scholars and practitioners uniformly concur about the scope of the problem, there is currently little agreement about how to prevent sexual violence before it occurs.Drawing on diverse disciplines such as criminology, education, health promotion, law, psychology, social work, socio-legal studies, sociology and women's studies, this book provides the first interdisciplinary collection on the primary prevention of sexual violence. The volume addresses the key causes or determinants of sexual violence, including cultural attitudes, values, beliefs and norms, as well as systemic gender-based inequalities that create the conditions underlying much violence against women. Including contributions from internationally renowned experts in the field, the volume critically investigates the theoretical underpinnings of prevention work, describing and analysing the limits and possibilities of primary prevention strategies 'on the ground'. The chapters collectively examine the role that structural violence and gender inequality play in fostering a 'culture' of sexual violence, and reflect on the relationship between macro and micro levels for understanding both sexual violence perpetration and prevention.This book will be a key resource for scholars, practitioners and policymakers involved in the fields of sexual violence prevention, education, law, family violence, and child sexual abuse.Including contributions from Victoria L. Banyard (University of New Hampshire, USA), Alison Cares (Assumption College, USA), Moira Carmody (University of Western Sydney, Australia), Gillian Fletcher (La Trobe Univeristy, Australia), Wendy Larcombe (University of Melbourne, Australia), Claire Maxwell (University of London, UK), Mary M. Moynihan (University of New Hampshire, USA), Bob Pease (Deakin University, Australia) and Antonia Quadara (Australian Institute of Family Studies, Australia).

Bullying and harassment threaten academic achievement and mental health in our schools. Look beyond your work with individual students to address these problems in their larger context! This book presents enlightening empirical studies and reviews of the literature on peer harassment, bullying, and victimization. Designed to expand our knowledge and understanding of these topics, Bullying, Peer Harassment, and Victimization in the Schools: The Next Generation of Prevention documents the widespread nature of the phenomena both inside and outside the United States, identifies risk and protective factors, and provides practitioners with specific, evidence-based guidelines for effective preventive action. From the editors: The problem of bullying, peer harassment, and victimization is a serious one in our schools. It greatly affects the climate for learning and productivity and the emotional health of students and staff. This book presents empirical data and theoretical and legal case reviews to show how pervasive and serious these problems are and how they threaten both academic achievement and mental health within many of our schools. Taking a longitudinal and developmental perspective, the authors begin to outline the next generation of research in this field that will shape knowledge and practice for the next few decades. For practitioners, the book is a call to action, particularly at the school-wide level, focusing on reducing the substantial social/emotional harm done to perpetrators, bystanders, and especially, victims. Bullying, Peer Harassment, and Victimization in the Schools provides vital information on: what mental health professionals can do to prevent and respond to sexual harassment in schools the relationship between middle-school adjustment and bullying aggressive behavior and friendship patterns in immigrant children school-based intervention strategies the relationship between the cultures of childhood and sexual harassmentfrom developmental, domestic violence, and legal perspectives risk factors and protective factors affecting victimization and more! It has been estimated that bullying affects more than half of the students in American schools. This book can add significantly to your ability to combat and prevent this pervasive problem. Use it to improve the quality of education received by students in your community!

This Handbook provides a clear introduction to the theoretical debates surrounding the topic of domestic violence, and also offers practical advice on possible interventions. Focusing on improving the care of clients it covers: the causes and consequences of domestic violence personal and professional issues for the practitioner domestic violence and the law the process of effective intervention interventions in specific health care settings interventions where children are involved multi-agency approaches education and training. Taking an evidence-based approach to practical problems, Domestic Violence is an invaluable resource for nurses, doctors and other health practitioners who deal with the consequences of domestic violence in their daily work.

Why did the Rwandan genocide take place? How could parents feed their own children drinks laced with poison in Jonestown? As we see many parts of the world being engulfed in fratricidal frenzy, we wonder if it can happen in this country. Gupta examines contemporary cases of genocide and mass murder and seeks to explain why certain societies are more prone to these actions and others are relatively immune. Gupta sees a dialectical tension between our two identities: the self and the collective. The end of the medieval period was marked by the emergence of individualism in Europe. With time, the march of individualism engulfed the entire Western world and permeated every aspect of its culture, tradition, and academic paradigm. Neoclassical economics is the embodiment of this single-minded pursuit of the rationality of individualism. However, our psychobiological evolution has also imbued us with the irrepressible desire to form groups and to act upon its welfare. The reason for this eternal conflict lies in our own struggle with our two identities. When the pendulum swings to the extreme end of collectivism, genocide and other forms of social abnormalities--collective madness--occur. When we move too far into individualism, people tend to seek something greater beyond selfish pursuits. Through his panoramic view, Gupta provides an explanation for both social order and political pathology that will be of interest to students, scholars, and other researchers involved with ethnic conflict, collective behavior, and conflict resolution.

* There is an abundance of 101-leve Kink Aware materials in the market, but this book uniquely takes this content to the next level and recognizes the ways in which specific power exchange dynamics can be beneficial in addressing various mental health concerns through either client self-care or clinician treatment planning. * Kink awareness and practice is a hot topic and more practitioners are looking for information on it. * Embraces both an anthropological lens as well as a sex positive approach to mental health. * Useful for both professionals and as recommended reading to students.

Despite predictions of continuing secularisation, the twenty-first century has witnessed a surge of religious extremism and violence in the name of God. In this powerful and timely book, Jonathan Sacks explores the roots of violence and its relationship to religion, focusing on the historic tensions between the three Abrahamic faiths: Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Drawing on arguments from evolutionary psychology, game theory, history, philosophy, ethics and theology, Sacks shows how a tendency to violence can subvert even the most compassionate of religions. Through a close reading of key biblical texts at the heart of the Abrahamic faiths, Sacks then challenges those who claim that religion is intrinsically a cause of violence, and argues that theology must become part of the solution if it is not to remain at the heart of the problem. This book is a rebuke to all those who kill in the name of the God of life, wage war in the name of the God of peace, hate in the name of the God of love, and practise cruelty in the name of the God of compassion. For the sake of humanity and the free world, the time has come for people of all faiths and none to stand together and declare: Not In God's Name.

Refractions of Violence collects the recent essays of leading cultural critic and intellectual historian Martin Jay. Ranging over a wide variety of subjects, from Walter Benjamin's response to World War I to the Holocaust and the events of 9/11, this collection addresses the troubling issues of the intersection of violence and visual culture. It argues that we live in a closed economy of violence in which no outside can provide us with a safe haven from the treat of sudden, perhaps even fatal injury, either real or symbolic. By examining a number of ways in which the dialectic of violence and counter-violence finds its way into the arts, both high and low, and permeates visual experience in general, it hopes to cast some light on the dark recesses of contemporary life.

The international feminist contributors to this book look through the lens of poststructuralism at how child sexual abuse is differently represented and understood in the populist, academic, clinical, media and legal contexts. Reworking earlier feminist analyses, they show how child sexual abuse is not just about gender and power but also about class, race and sexuality. The first, theoretical section of the book critiques normative theories of the 'effects' of abuse, explores the impact and consequences of feminist interventions and critically examines the potential usefulness of a feminist post-stucturalist approach. In the second part, these understandings are applied to specific arenas of practice with the aim of providing a framework for critical intervention and alternative and better ways of working with child sexual abuse.

This important and timely reference work examines violence against women and gender-based discrimination around the world, providing a global perspective on why this kind of oppression is still occurring in the 21st century. Within the past decade, the attention that has been paid to violence against women by international government organizations such as the United Nations and World Health Organization has grown. Yet silences around the violent treatment of women remains across the world, particularly in those countries where women's rights are not protected and statistics are not available. Women and Violence encompasses a global perspective of the history, causes, and complex underpinnings of gender and violence from a multidimensional and cross-disciplinary perspective. Chapters focus on a specific world region, including North America, Latin America and the Caribbean, Europe, North Africa and the Middle East, Sub-Saharan Africa, Central and East Asia, South and Southeast Asia, and Oceania. Each chapter begins with a general discussion on its world region, then focuses on particular forms of violence against women in the more specific contexts of particular countries and in relation to the wider region. Readers will be able to make cross-cultural comparisons, learning how to view gender-based violence and women's advocacy against discrimination that is occurring around the world. Enables a fuller comprehension of how contemporary ideas about gender and power are being debated, reinforced, and challenged Offers a repository of key concepts used by local scholars and country specialists who study gender-based violence Sheds light on gender-based violence and women's advocacy against discrimination that is occurring around the world Lists major events that have occurred in relation to women and violence around the world through history in a chronology Offers insightful information related to the chapters in sidebars throughout the text

Winner of the 2021 National Jewish Book Award for Con­tem­po­rary Jew­ish Life and Practice Finalist for the 2021 Kirkus Prize in Nonfiction. A startling and profound exploration of how Jewish history is exploited to comfort the living.

Renowned and beloved as a prizewinning novelist, Dara Horn has also been publishing penetrating essays since she was a teenager. Often asked by major publications to write on subjects related to Jewish culture―and increasingly in response to a recent wave of deadly antisemitic attacks―Horn was troubled to realize what all of these assignments had in common: she was being asked to write about dead Jews, never about living ones. In these essays, Horn reflects on subjects as far-flung as the international veneration of Anne Frank, the mythology that Jewish family names were changed at Ellis Island, the blockbuster traveling exhibition Auschwitz, the marketing of the Jewish history of Harbin, China, and the little-known life of the "righteous Gentile" Varian Fry. Throughout, she challenges us to confront the reasons why there might be so much fascination with Jewish deaths, and so little respect for Jewish lives unfolding in the present.

Horn draws upon her travels, her research, and also her own family life―trying to explain Shakespeare’s Shylock to a curious ten-year-old, her anger when swastikas are drawn on desks in her children’s school, the profound perspective offered by traditional religious practice and study―to assert the vitality, complexity, and depth of Jewish life against an antisemitism that, far from being disarmed by the mantra of "Never forget," is on the rise. As Horn explores the (not so) shocking attacks on the American Jewish community in recent years, she reveals the subtler dehumanization built into the public piety that surrounds the Jewish past―making the radical argument that the benign reverence we give to past horrors is itself a profound affront to human dignity.

Where is feminist state theory today? This book offers novel insights into social science debates by analyzing feminist theories of the state. It argues that we need feminist tools for analyzing states and focuses on two debates, domestic violence and childcare, as areas where feminists discursively construct the state. These themes are developed within a comparative perspective. Focusing on devolution in Scotland and the European Union, the book further explores how feminist state theories conceive multi-level governance.

Sex crime has become one of the most intense areas of public and political concern in recent decades. This book explores the complex influences that shape its construction in the press. Media representations give important clues as to how we should perceive the nature and extent of sex crime, how we should think and feel about it, how we should respond to it, and the measures that might be taken to reduce risk. Understanding the media construction of sex crime is central to understanding its meaning and place in our everyday lives. Unlike much of the existing research, this book explores the construction of sex crime at every stage of the news production process. It then locates the findings within a wider context of cultural, economic and political change in late modernity. The book; shows how increased market competition and tabloidisation has altered fundamentally the way in which news is produced, communicated and consumed discusses representations of the full range of sex crimes from consensual homosexual offences and prostitution to serial rape and sex murder draws upon extensive empirical research in Northern Ireland, while addressing issues relevant to advance capitalist societies across the globe

What should public prosecutors do when victims withdraw support for domestic violence prosecutions? The answer to this question that motivates the investigation undertaken in this book defends the claim that (other things being equal) domestic violence prosecutors should respond as feminists.
This claim is intended as a provocative formulation of the proposition that domestic violence prosecutors should act for reasons generated by the value of reconstituting communities as less patriarchal.
This thesis is defended first by developing a general theory of prosecutorial practical reasoning, and then by considering the prosecution of domestic violence offences in particular. Along the way, this book provides an original account of the nature of prosecutorial action, the values that can be realized through such action, and the relationship between these values and the practical reasoning of criminal prosecutors.
Moreover, it provides original analyses of two key concepts, domestic violence and patriarchy, and explains the relevance of the latter to a proper understanding of the former.
These insights are put to work in answering the motivating question stated above, and provide answers both in terms of what prosecutors would be justified in doing, and what prosecutors should do in order to be effective.

Weaving together a social history of the American beef industry with her own account of growing up in the shadow of her grandfather's cattle business, Halley juxtaposes the two worlds and creates a link between the meat industry and her own experience of the formation of gender and sexuality through family violence.