One of the great, iconic struggles for social justice in the 21st century has been the campaign of the TAC against state-supported AIDS denialism in South Africa. This struggle between activists, scientists and health workers, on the one hand, and a strange alliance of dissidents, quacks and political leaders, on the other, is here recounted in absorbing and dramatic detail for the first time by an insider. In his book, Nathan Geffen, one of the TAC leaders, describes how early on in its life the organisation discovered that the greatest obstacle to AIDS treatment was in fact the South African government's denialism. Not only did this extend to a reluctance to provide antiretroviral treatment to AIDS patients but also to the support of a host of quacks and denialists who operated freely in the country to sow suspicion and confusion about the efficacy of standard medical treatment of AIDS. The most notorious of these were the German vitamin seller, Dr Matthias Rath, who along the way sued The Guardian of London and lost his case, and the Dutch nurse Tine van der Maas. It was the TAC that, as a result of a court case it brought against Rath, managed to stop his operations in South Africa; and it was the TAC, once again through legal means, that put pressure on the South African government to roll out an antiretroviral programme throughout the country. Geffen describes not only the TAC's response to the puzzling intransigence of government and the spellbinding nonsense of dissidents, but the thought, strategy and discussion that lay behind the organisation's major decisions. The story of the TAC's campaign is one of the great triumphs of citizen activism for social justice and human rights.

This innovative collection offers a wide-ranging palette of psychological, public health, and sociopolitical approaches toward addressing the multi-level prevention needs of gay men living with HIV and AIDS. This book advances our understanding of comprehensive health care, risk and preventive behaviors, sources of mental distress and resilience, treatment adherence, and the experiences of gay men's communities such as communities of color, youth, faith communities, and the house ball community. Interventions span biomedical, behavioral, structural, and technological approaches toward critical goals, including bolstering the immune system, promoting safer sexual practices, reducing HIV-related stigma and discrimination, and eliminating barriers to care. The emphasis throughout these diverse chapters is on evidence-based, client-centered practice, coordination of care, and inclusive, culturally responsive services. Included in the coverage: Comprehensive primary health care for HIV positive gay men From pathology to resiliency: understanding the mental health of HIV positive gay men Emerging and innovative prevention strategies for HIV positive gay men Understanding the developmental and psychosocial needs of HIV positive gay adolescent males Social networks of HIV positive gay men: their role and importance in HIV prevention HIV positive gay men, health care, legal rights, and policy issues Understanding Prevention for HIV Positive Gay Men will interest academics, researchers, prevention experts, practitioners, and policymakers in public health. It will also be important to research organizations, nonprofit organizations, and clinical agencies, as well as graduate programs related to public health, consultation, and advocacy.

Much has happened since the first appearance of AIDS in 1981: it has been identified, studied, and occasionally denied. The virus has shifted host populations and spread globally. Medicine, the social sciences, and world governments have joined forces to combat and prevent the disease. And South Africa has emerged as ground zero for the pandemic.

The editors of "HIV/AIDS in South Africa 25 Years On" present the South African crisis as a template for addressing the myriad issues surrounding the epidemic worldwide, as the book brings together a widely scattered body of literature, analyzes psychosocial and sexual aspects contributing to HIV transmission and prevention, and delves into complex intersections of race, gender, class, and politics. Including largely overlooked populations and issues (e.g., prisoners, persons with disabilities, stigma), as well as challenges shaping future research and policy, the contributors approach their topics with rare depth, meticulous research, carefully drawn conclusions, and profound compassion. Among the topics covered:

The relationship between HIV and poverty, starting from the question, "Which is the determinant and which is the consequence?"

Epidemiology of HIV among women and men: concepts of femininity and masculinity, and gender inequities as they affect HIV risk; gender-specific prevention and intervention strategies.

The impact of AIDS on infants and young children: risk and protective factors; care of children by HIV-positive mothers; HIV-infected children.

Current prevention and treatment projects, including local-level responses, community-based work, and VCT (voluntary counseling and testing) programs.

New directions: promoting circumcision, vaccine trials, "positive prevention."

South Africa's history of AIDS denialism.

The urgent lessons in this book apply both globally and locally, making" HIV/AIDS in South Africa 25 Years On "uniquely instructive and useful for professionals working in HIV/AIDS and global public health.

After reviewing related theories on stigmatisation of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), this book applies social exclusion theory, actor theory and stigma theory to the study of social mechanisms of stigmatisation of PLWHA in China to show the influence and mechanism of stigmatisation on them, and tries to construct the policy framework to tackle stigmatisation from the perspective of welfare pluralism. Qualitative analysis was used and data was obtained during the field interview. Thirty PLWHA and seventeen healthy people (non-infected people and staff of ASO Service Organizations) were selected by using random sampling and snowball sampling for semi-structured depth interviews. The research examines the treatments and living conditions of those PLWHA, aiming to explore the influence of HIV on them in education, employment, medical care, economy, welfare and social relations. The book is intended for graduate students, researchers interested in this field and relevant policymakers.

The much-praised writing team of Adrian and Bridget Plass looks at the extent of the AIDS pandemic in Zambia. On visiting this colorful country they saw the problem and what is being done about it from many angles: from preventative projects with sex-workers to the care of orphans. The desperation there left them determined to make westerners see how ordinary families are affected. The stories aren't all negative; however, Adrian and Bridget tell of the World Vision rehabilitation program for girls forced into prostitution enabling training in alternative occupations including hairdressing and tailoring. There were no miracles in Zambia--only the miracle of people allowing God to use them. God acts through us and the truth is that if we do nothing, we withhold His love from them. This is a heart-warming, inspiring, and sometimes even humorous account with a serious message: God won't act to lessen the HIV/AIDS crisis if we don't.

HIV continues to be a profound challenge facing communities nationally and internationally. Until a vaccine or a cure is found, prevention remains a most crucial line of defense. However, the successes made to reduce exposure and transmission have not benefited all communities equally. HIV continues to affect vulnerable communities, and HIV-related health disparities are growing. The work documented in Innovations in HIV Prevention Research and Practice through Community Engagement spotlights the effectiveness of community involvement to reduce HIV infections in the United States. This timely resource introduces the concepts of community engagement, partnership, and community-based participatory research (CBPR). Contributors provide detailed examples of these concepts in which diverse research partners blend their unique insights and skills to arrive at an authentic understanding of phenomena and inform the translation of best practices and processes to enhance equity in HIV prevention and treatment. Equitable interactive collaboration is central to these efforts, in which community members and representatives from organizations, the scientific and medical sectors, and other relevant agencies nurture long-term health improvement through sustained teamwork. Challenges and barriers to effective engagement are identified, as are characteristics of successful partnerships. Included in the book: Details of a multigenerational HIV prevention intervention in a rural southeastern community. The challenges and successes of developing, implementing, and evaluating an intervention for higher-risk predominately heterosexual black men in college. The history of gay community involvement in HIV prevention and its contributions to the theory and current practice of engagement. Next steps in the integration of HIV-related policy change and research. Community engagement within American Indian communities. Keys to sustaining a CBPR partnership to prevent HIV within ethnic, sexual, and gender minority communities. Innovations in HIV Prevention Research and Practice through Community Engagement offers researchers and practitioners in public health, community health, and medicine guidance on community engagement that is both inspiring and realistic. "Community engagement and knowledge continue to be essential to prevent HIV infections. This book is a compilation of the state-of-the-science of engagement and delves deeper into the meaning and utilization of community-based participatory research, with implications that reach beyond the HIV epidemic to public health and medicine in general." - Laura C. Leviton, PhD, Senior Advisor for Evaluation, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Princeton, NJ

HIV & AIDS together constitute one of the most serious challenges to human life in our time. The consequences are often grave for individuals, families, whole communities and nations. How can Christians respond to this worldwide problem? This book is designed to equip church leaders and their communities with the means to save, protect and prolong lives, and, above all, enable people to live positively in the face of the HIV & AIDS epidemic. The authors forcefully argue this involvement to be seen, not as an additional activity to ministry, but as a calling that enriches ministry's essential meaning and value. Byamugisha's straightforward explanation of HIV & AIDS and suggestions for Christian responses are complemented by case studies from around the globe.

The HIV/AIDS epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa has been addressed and perceived predominantly through the broad perspectives of social and economic theories as well as public health and development discourses. This volume however, focuses on the micro-politics of illness, treatment and death in order to offer innovative insights into the complex processes that shape individual and community responses to AIDS. The contributions describe the dilemmas that families, communities and health professionals face and shed new light on the transformation of social and moral orders in African societies, which have been increasingly marginalised in the context of global modernity.

This book considers the change in rhetoric surrounding the treatment of AIDS from one of crisis to that of 'ending AIDS'. Exploring what it means to 'end AIDS' and how responsibility is framed in this new discourse, the author considers the tensions generated between the individual and the state in terms of notions such as risk, responsibility and prevention. Based on analyses public health promotions in the UK and the US, HIV prevention science and engaging with the work of Foucault, this volume argues that the discourse of 'ending AIDS' implies a tension-filled space in which global principles and values may clash with localised needs, values and concerns; in which evidence-based policies strive for hegemony over local, tacit and communal regimes of knowledge; and in which desires compete with national and international ideas about what is best for the individual in the name of 'ending AIDS' writ large. As such, it will appeal to scholars of sociology and media studies with interests in the sociology of medicine and health, medical communication and health policy.

This groundbreaking book presents compelling data and research which reveals the shocking social and economic impact of HIV/AIDS on a global scale. Barnett and Whiteside—experts in the field for over 15 years—argue that it is vital to not only look at the disease in terms of prevention and treatment, but to also consider consequences which affect households, communities, companies, governments, and countries. This is a major contribution toward understanding the global public health crisis, as well as the relationship between poverty, inequality, and infectious diseases.

A significant contribution to the ongoing debate on aid effectiveness, Aid Effectiveness in Africa starts from the premise that money alone will not bring sustained development to Africa. With grounding in years of experience and fieldwork, Phyllis R. Pomerantz examines the relationship between aid donors and recipients and the extent to which trust is present in today's aid environment. Pomerantz concludes that there are serious gaps, created in part by a striking lack of knowledge of the African context and culture on the part of the donors, and troublesome institutional constraints that make it difficult for aid agencies to change the way they operate. Joining the urgent call to transform aid agencies and increase aid effectiveness, and eschewing pat solutions and simple formulae, the book offers realistic recommendations and provides an eloquent argument for further, far-reaching reform.

Radical changes in our understanding of health and healthcare are reshaping twenty-first-century personhood. In the last few years, there has been a great influx of public policy and biometric technologies targeted at engaging individuals in their own health, increasing personal responsibility, and encouraging people to "self-manage" their own care. One Blue Child examines the emergence of self-management as a global policy standard, focusing on how healthcare is reshaping our relationships with ourselves and our bodies, our families and our doctors, companies, and the government. Comparing responses to childhood asthma in New Zealand and the Czech Republic, Susanna Trnka traces how ideas about self-management, as well as policies inculcating self-reliance and self-responsibility more broadly, are assumed, reshaped, and ignored altogether by medical professionals, asthma sufferers and parents, environmental activists, and policymakers. By studying nations that share a commitment to the ideals of neoliberalism but approach children's health according to very different cultural, political, and economic priorities, Trnka illuminates how responsibility is reformulated with sometimes surprising results.

The HIV epidemic remains one of the most challenging of modern times, despite the enormous promise of anti-retroviral treatment. This timely book takes a critical look at HIV/AIDS in the context of South Africa, the country with the largest HIV epidemic in the world. Drawing on feminist science and technology studies and a close analysis of a range of textual sources, Politics in the Making of HIV/AIDS in South Africa tracks how the disease has been formed and transformed through political struggles. It illuminates the ways these struggles have also generated new selves for those living with HIV. In conducting this enquiry, the book addresses pressing questions about the politics of public health, the ethics of biological citizenship, and agency and the making of neoliberal subjects. It should appeal to scholars and students with interests in the sociology of health and medicine, the body in society, science and technology studies, and public health.

This book provides a unique comparative approach to the politics of HIV/AIDS throughout the world.It features a stellar line-up of scholars including Nana Poku, Tony Barnett, Dennis Altman, Suzanne Leclerc-Madlala, Steven Robins, May Chazan, Beril Egero and Mikael Hammarskjold. It is an excellent accompaniment to Barnett and Whiteside's AIDS in the Twenty-First Century - going deeper into issues explored there. It places African case studies in comparative perspective with Asia, Australasia, Latin America and Europe.HIV/AIDS is the major political challenge of our time. Based on empirical observations from all over the world, this book examines how HIV/AIDS has become increasingly transnational, as nation states have extended their programmes across borders, and transnational networks have increased their activities.

Identifying the existing challenges and shortfalls of China's current HIV/AIDS programming, this book provides an understanding of the history of HIV/AIDS in China, comparing government responses to global best practice in prevention and treatment. Considering three key populations in China, namely, female sex workers, people who inject drugs and floating migrants, Living in the Shadows of China's HIV/AIDS Epidemics highlights the effects of high mobility and marginalisation on the spread of HIV in China. It is argued that these groups often suffer from stigmatisation and a lack of human security, resulting in sub-optimal outcomes for HIV/AIDS intervention and prevention efforts and the reinforcement of high-risk behaviours, further contributing to the transmission of the virus to the general population. In adding to the emerging body of literature, this book further elucidates the myriad of challenges posed by HIV/AIDS epidemics, allowing sustained engagement and a fresh insight into how governments might respond to the needs of individuals living with HIV/AIDS, both in China and globally. Including case studies which give voice to research participants in a rich and engaging way, this book will appeal to students and scholars of Chinese Studies, Asian Studies, International Relations and Political Science, as well as those engaged in epidemiological studies in the Health Sciences.

Based on several years of ethnographic fieldwork, the book explores life in and around a Luo-speaking village in western Kenya during a time of death: the epidemic of HIV/AIDS, which by the turn of the century had affected every aspect of sociality and pervaded villagers' debates about the past, the future and the ethics of everyday life. Central to such debates is a concern with touch in the broad sense of concrete, material contact between persons. In mundane practices as much as in ritual acts, touch is considered to be key to the creation of bodily life as well as social continuity. Underlying the significance of material contact is its connection with growth - of persons and groups, animals, plants and the land - and the forward movement of life more generally. Under the pressure of illness and death, economic hardship and land scarcity, as well as bitter struggles about the relevance and application of Christianity and "Luo tradition" in daily life, people found it difficult to agree about the role of touch in engendering growth, or indeed about the aims of growth itself. Yet they drew upon shared experiences and imaginaries in their struggles to restore a forward direction to their lives.

This book explores the thoroughly human dimension of the health care and prevention responses to the HIV crisis in the UK, and the impact that such initiatives had on the progression of the epidemic. This book presents a compelling account of the unfolding of the epidemic and the initiatives that made all the difference in the care and prevention of HIV in the UK from the early 1980s to the present time. Drawing on interviews with people with HIV, doctors and nurses involved in their care, leaders of AIDS charities, activists, and politicians, it identifies and describes the models of care developed in response to the onset of the HIV epidemic, and its impact on NHS and voluntary organisations. It goes on to explore the political responses, the evolution of HIV stigma, and the personal impact of the early high mortality rates. Finally, it discusses recent organisational changes in the provision of care and prevention services. In doing so, this volume identifies the lessons learnt from the care and prevention of HIV, both in relation to HIV infection and other conditions, such as COVID-19, and discusses future challenges. This book will be of great value to those working in services dealing with HIV, charities, and Clinical Commissioning Groups and GP organisations, as well as social historians and medical sociologists.

This book demonstrates the political potential of mainstream theatre in the US at the end of the twentieth century, tracing ideological change over time in the reception of US mainstream plays taking HIV/AIDS as their topic from 1985 to 2000. This is the first study to combine the topics of the politics of performance, LGBT theatre, and mainstream theatre's political potential, a juxtaposition that shows how radical ideas become mainstream, that is, how the dominant ideology changes. Using materialist semiotics and extensive archival research, Juntunen delineates the cultural history of four pivotal productions from that period-Larry Kramer's The Normal Heart (1985), Tony Kushner's Angels in America (1992), Jonathan Larson's Rent (1996), and Moises Kaufman's The Laramie Project (2000). Examining the connection between AIDS, mainstream theatre, and the media reveals key systems at work in ideological change over time during a deadly epidemic whose effects changed the nation forever. Employing media theory alongside nationalism studies and utilizing dozens of reviews for each case study, the volume demonstrates that reviews are valuable evidence of how a production was hailed by society's ideological gatekeepers. Mixing this new use of reviews alongside textual analysis and material study-such as the theaters' locations, architectures, merchandise, program notes, and advertising-creates an uncommonly rich description of these productions and their ideological effects. This book will be of interest to scholars and students of theatre, politics, media studies, queer theory, and US history, and to those with an interest in gay civil rights, one of the most successful social movements of the late twentieth century.

This book considers the change in rhetoric surrounding the treatment of AIDS from one of crisis to that of 'ending AIDS'. Exploring what it means to 'end AIDS' and how responsibility is framed in this new discourse, the author considers the tensions generated between the individual and the state in terms of notions such as risk, responsibility and prevention. Based on analyses public health promotions in the UK and the US, HIV prevention science and engaging with the work of Foucault, this volume argues that the discourse of 'ending AIDS' implies a tension-filled space in which global principles and values may clash with localised needs, values and concerns; in which evidence-based policies strive for hegemony over local, tacit and communal regimes of knowledge; and in which desires compete with national and international ideas about what is best for the individual in the name of 'ending AIDS' writ large. As such, it will appeal to scholars of sociology and media studies with interests in the sociology of medicine and health, medical communication and health policy.

The tragedies arising from HIV and AIDS are problems faced on every continent in the world. Case studies of carefully selected countries, representative of every region of the world, are presented in this unique volume. Students, teachers, and researchers can make cross-cultural comparisons to discover how the problem is viewed in different countries, how the problem is changing, what kinds of research is being conducted worldwide to find appropriate interventions for the problem and other details of how this disease affects different societies.

Each chapter is divided into similar subsections including the history of HIV and AIDS, the prevalence of HIV and AIDS, public and political views of the problem, and preventative measures. Readers can choose one or more of these aspects and compare how each differs from country to country. Here they will find that perceptions of the problem and the perceptions of degree to which people are taking preventative measures against the disease does not always reflect the reality. This worldview will help students and scholars to think critically about how building a better understanding of how a specific social issue is viewed and handled worldwide can help build a better world community.

Since the time AIDS and HIV infection were first discovered, no medical cures have been developed. It became clear early on that education would be the cornerstone in the fight against AIDS, and that assessment remains true in the 1990s. This book describes how to tailor HIV education and prevention efforts to specific communities, including how to identify those most at risk, what types of interventions are most appropriate to those communities, how to engage those most at risk, and the role of participatory evaluation in determining the effectiveness of community education efforts.

This edited collection brings together the social dimensions of three key aspects of recent biomedical advance in HIV research: Treatment as Prevention (TasP), new technologies such as Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP), and the Undetectable equals Untransmittable (U=U) movement. The growth of new forms of biomedical HIV prevention has created hope for the future, signalling the possibility of a world without AIDS. In this context, the volume discusses the profound social, political and ethical dilemmas raised by such advances, which are to do with readiness, access, equity and availability. It examines how HIV prevention has been, and is, re-framed in policy, practice and research, and asks: How best can new biomedical technologies be made available in a profoundly unequal world? What new understandings of responsibility and risk will emerge as HIV becomes a more manageable condition? What new forms of blame will emerge in a context where the technologies to prevent HIV exist, but are not always used? How best can we balance public health's concern for adherence and compliance with the rights of individuals to decide on what is best for themselves and others? Few of these questions have thus far received serious consideration in the academic literature. The editors, all leaders in the social aspects of HIV, have brought together an innovative and international collection of essays by top thinkers and practitioners in the field of HIV. This book is an important resource for academics and professionals interested in HIV research. Chapters "Anticipating Policy, Orienting Services, Celebrating Provision: Reflecting on Scotland's PrEP Journey", "How the science of HIV treatment-as-prevention restructured PEPFAR's strategy: The case for scaling up ART in 'epidemic control' countries", "Stigma and confidentiality indiscretions: Intersecting obstacles to the delivery of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis to adolescent girls and young women in east Zimbabwe" and "The drive to take an HIV test in rural Uganda: a risk to prevention for young people?" are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

The Face of AIDS film archive at Karolinska Institutet, Sweden, consists of more than 700 hours of unedited and edited footage, shot over a period of more than thirty years and all over the world by filmmaker and journalist Staffan Hildebrand. The material documents the HIV/AIDS pandemic and includes scenes from conferences and rallies, and interviews with activists, physicians, people with the infection, and researchers. It represents a global historical development from the early years of the AIDS crisis to a situation in which it is possible to live a normal life with the HIV virus. This volume brings together a range of academic perspectives - from media and film studies, medical history, gender studies, history, and cultural studies - to bear on the archive, shedding light on memories, discourses, trauma, and activism. Using a medical humanities framework, the editors explore the influence of historical representations of HIV/AIDS and stigma in a world where antiretroviral treatment has fundamentally altered the conditions under which many people diagnosed with HIV live. Organized into four sections, this book begins by introducing the archive and its role, setting it in a global context. The first part looks at methodological, legal and ethical issues around archiving memories of the present which are then used to construct histories of the past; something that can be particularly controversial when dealing with a socially stigmatized epidemic such as HIV/AIDS. The second section is devoted to analyses of particular films from the archive, looking at the portrayal of people living with HIV/AIDS, the narrative of HIV as a chronic illness and the contemporary context of particular films. The third section looks at how stigma and trauma are negotiated in the material in the Face of AIDS film archive, discussing ideas about suffering and culpability. The final section contributes perspectives on and by the filmmaker as activist and auteur. This interdisciplinary collection is placed at the intersection of medical humanities, sexuality studies and film and media studies, continuing a tradition of studies on the cultural and social understandings of HIV/AIDS.

This manual will help field staff to mainstream HIV andAIDS in humanitarian emergencies. It assumes someknowledge of humanitarian programming and is intended to build staff skills in addressing the underlying causes of vulnerability to HIV infection and the consequences of HIV and AIDS, particularly in rapid-onset emergencies. The authors draw on experience in the field and offer practical recommendations on how to make sure that HIV and AIDS is considered when responding to humanitarian crises. The book explains both how HIV affects emergencies and how emergencies affect HIV, as well as identifying the particular needs of potential vulnerable groups. There is guidance particularly for managers in the planning stage but the book also suggests how to mainstream HIV and AIDS throughout the emergency project cycle. It includes useful checklists and planning tools with examples of inductions, trainings and awareness-raising sessions both for staff and for community members. The CD ROM to accompany the manual features the full text of the book plus training materials for use in the field.

Features a collection of seven research-based articles on AIDS. This work seeks to cut through popular misunderstanding and conventional ideas about the spread and impact of AIDS by employing a political economic perspective in the analysis of the epidemic in diverse settings.