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Books > Science & Mathematics > Biology, life sciences > Biochemistry
Obesity and diabetes develop as a complex result of genetic, metabolic and environmental factors and are characterized by increased lipogenesis and lipid accumulation in many tissues. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) genes are a critical regulator of lipogenesis and catalyzes the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), mainly oleoyl- (18:1n9) and palmitoleoyl-CoA (16:1n7). These MUFAs are the major fatty acid substrates for the synthesis of triglycerides, cholesterol esters, wax esters and membrane phospholipids. There are 4 SCD isoforms (SCD1-4) in mice and two (hSCD1 and hSCD5) expressed in humans. At first glance, stearoyl-CoA desaturase enzyme would be considered a housekeeping enzyme because it synthesizes oleate a well-known fatty acid that is abundant in many dietary sources. However numerous studies have shown that SCD is a very highly regulated enzyme that features in so many physiological processes ranging from fat differentiation, carbohydrate and fat metabolism, inflammation and cancer. The editor's studies using stearoyl-CoA desaturase knockout (SCD1-/-) mice and studies of other investigators using pharmacological approaches to reduce SCD1 expression in mouse tissues have all established that the expression of SCD1 gene isoform represents a key step in partitioning of lipids between storage and oxidation. High SCD expression favors fat storage leading to obesity while reduced SCD expression favors fat burning and leanness. Although these studies clearly illustrated that SCD1 expression is involved in the development of obesity and insulin resistance, questions remain in the elucidation of the mechanisms involved and role of SCD1. This book includes chapters by leading researchers on SCD Genes in the brain, heart, muscle, liver metabolism, Colitis, and more.
Purification and Characterization of Secondary Metabolites: A Laboratory Manual for Analytical and Structural Biochemistry provides students with working knowledge of the fundamental and advanced techniques of experimental biochemistry. Sections provide an overview of the microbiological and biochemical methods typically used for the purification of metabolites and discuss the biological significance of secondary metabolites secreted by three diverse species of bacteria. Additionally, this lab manual covers the theory and practice of the most commonly-used techniques of analytical biochemistry, UV-vis and IR spectrophotometry, high-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance, and how to evaluate and effectively use scientific data. Instructors will find this book useful because of the modular nature of the lab exercises included. Written in a logical, easy-to-understand manner, this book is an indispensable resource for both students and instructors.
A valuable new reference on insect behavior, this exceptional new
text delves into the primary sensory communication system used by
most insects -- their sense of smell. This important text covers
how insects produce pheromones and how they detect pheromones and
plant volatiles. Since insects rely on pheromone detection for both
feeding and breeding, a better understanding of insect olfaction
and pheromone biosynthesis could help curb the behavior of pests
without the use of harmful pesticides and even help to reduce the
socio-economic impacts associated to human-insect interactions.
This text uses a case-study approach to present the core principles of biochemistry and molecular biology in the context of human disease to students who will be involved in patient care. The 33 cases are carefully selected to cover key concepts and common diseases. Each chapter provides a specific patient report that includes the relevant history, pertinent clinical laboratory data, physical findings, and subsequent diagnosis. This is followed by a comprehensive discussion of the normal biochemical processes and reactions pertaining to the case, along with the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease. In this third edition of the book, a new co-editor has aided in the substantially revised and more targeted selection of cases. The whole volume is now clearly focussed on intermediary metabolism and other topics central to biochemistry. There are new chapters on topics such as collagen structure, mitochondrial metabolism, and hyperhomocysteinemia and vascular disease. There is also more coverage of nutrional biochemistry, including new chapters on protein-calorie malnutrition, obesity, vitamin A deficiency, and iron metabolism.The best cases were retained from the previous edition, and have been completely rewritten and updated to include recent advances in diagnostic biochemistry and the status of current therapies. Although the first edition was intended primarily for medical students, through the years the book has proven useful for a wide variety of students interested in the health science professions.
In recent years the most significant advances in carbohydrate
research have been made in the knowledge of the structure and
function of carbohydrates in the macromolecular state. This title
addresses those areas in which the authors believe the most
important work is being carried out.
Intrinsically Disordered Proteins: Dynamics, Binding, and Function thoroughly examines and ties together the fundamental biochemical functions of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs), including signaling, binding, and regulation, with the methodology for study and the associated pathways for drug design and therapeutic intervention. The role of new mechanistic, computational, and experimental approaches in IDP study are explored in depth, with methods for the characterization of IDP dynamics; models, simulations, and mechanisms of IDP and IDR binding; and biological and medical implications of IDP dynamics prominently featured. Written and edited by leading scientists in the field, this book explores groundbreaking areas such as ensemble descriptions of IDPs and IDRs, single-molecule studies of IDPs and IDRs, IDPs and IDRs in membraneless organelles, and molecular mechanisms of fibrillation of IDPs. Intrinsically Disordered Proteins provides students and researchers in biochemistry, molecular biology, and applied microbiology with a comprehensive and updated discussion of the complex dynamics of IDPs and IDRs.
SINGLE SOURCE GUIDE TO PEROXIDASES AND CATALASES Reflecting the important historical discoveries and exciting research in the field in recent years, "Peroxidases and Catalases: Biochemistry, Biophysics, Biotechnology and Physiology" provides a much-needed systematic, up-to-date treatment of peroxidases and catalases. From the structure and properties of the various superfamilies to current applications of peroxidases, the book consolidates vast amounts of information previously scattered in the professional literature, covering all aspects of these ubiquitous enzymes that act on a variety of substances and processes in living systems--their properties, reactions, crystal structures, cloning, and more. Considering the subject from both theoretical and applied perspectives, "Peroxidases and Catalases" offers a critical review of the literature and detailed discussions of the most current research. Chapters cover: The background and history of peroxidases and catalases Plant, fungal, and bacterial peroxidase superfamilies and their organization Mammalian peroxidases including medical and physiological roles Spectroscopic and theoretical techniques for studying peroxidases highlighting the contributions of physicists and physical/theoretical chemists Heme peroxidases, catalases, and other peroxidases such as vanadium and selenium peroxidase Relevant plant and animal physiology This one-stop reference is a vital reference for biochemists, biologists, biochemical engineers, physiologists, environmental and pharmaceutical researchers, and others interested in the study and use of peroxidases and catalases.
The book contains articles written by leading authorities in their
respective fields of research. It presents current frontiers and
future guidelines for research based on important discoveries made
in the field of bioactive natural products.
This book introduces readers to basic studies on and applied techniques involving lactic acid bacteria, including their bioengineering and industrial applications. It summarizes recent biotechnological advances in lactic acid bacteria for food and health, and provides detailed information on the applications of these bacteria in fermented foods. Accordingly, it offers a valuable resource for researchers and graduate students in the fields of food microbiology, bioengineering, fermentation engineering, food science, nutrition and health.
This book is the latest volume in a highly successful series within "Comprehensive Biochemistry "and provides a historical and autobiographical perspective of the development of the field through the contributions of leading individuals who reflect on their careers and their impact on biochemistry. The book is essential reading for everybody, from graduate student to professor, placing in context major advances not only in biochemical terms but in relation to historical and social developments. Readers will be delighted by the lively style and the insight into the lives and careers of leading scientists of their time.
This detailed volume compiles state-of-the-art protocols that will serve as recipes for scientists researching collagen, an abundant protein with great importance to health and disease, as well as in applications like food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, cosmetic surgery, artificial skin, and glue. Beginning with a section on in vitro models for the characterization of collagen formation, the book continues by highlighting large-scale analysis of collagen with mass spectrometry in order to elucidate the proteomics, degradomics, interactomes, and cross-linking of collagen, high resolution imaging approaches for collagen by the use of scanning electron microscopy and multiphoton imaging, as well as the role of collagen during physiological and pathological conditions. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Collagen: Methods and Protocols is an ideal guide to high quality and repeatable protocols in this vital field of study.
Ecometabolomics: Metabolic Fluxes versus Environmental Stoichiometry focuses on the interaction between plants-particularly plants that have vigorous secondary metabolites-and the environment. The book offers a comprehensive overview of the responses of the metabolome of organisms to biotic and abiotic environmental changes. It includes an introduction to metabolomics, summaries of metabolomic techniques and applications, studies of stress in plants, and insights into challenges. This is a must-have reference for plant biologists, plant biochemists, plant ecologists and phytochemists researching the interface between plants and the environment using metabolomics.
The turn of the millennium from the twentieth to the twenty-first century provides an occasion to review our understanding of a biological process, biological nitrogen fixation, that is of prime importance for the continued survival of mankind. This process has provided a basis for maintaining soil fertility since the beginning of organised agriculture, yet its very existence was confirmed only just over a century ago. In the intervening years, an enormous intellectual effort has dispersed much of the mystery surrounding biological nitrogen fixation. Biological fixation is widely exploited in agriculture, as are nitrogen fertilisers prepared for the last hundred years under extreme conditions of temperature and pressure. However, despite all our efforts, the fundamental nature of the reactions involved at the heart of the biological process remain unknown.
Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis, Part A, Volume 43 in The Enzymes series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on Mesoporous silica nanoparticle synthesis, Periodic mesoporous organosilica, Nanovalves and other nanomachine-equipped nanoparticles and controlled release, Two-photon light control and photodynamic therapy, Biodegradable PMO nanoparticles, Cationic mesoporous silica and protein delivery, Drug loading, stimuli-responsive delivery and cancer treatment, Animal models and cancer therapy, siRNA delivery and TWIST shutdown for ovarian cancer treatment, and TBC (mesoporous silica nanoparticles and cancer therapy or biodistribution of MSN).
This book provides the reader with a comprehensive overview of the
Antiphospholipid syndrome. One of the most important advances in
rheumatology and connective tissue diseases of the last decade. It
provides an explanation for many previously undefined conditions
with no clear pathogenesis encompassing all subspeculations in
internal medicine as well as obstetrics. Clotting problems leading
to strokes and myocardial infarctions (in younger people) as well
as a large variety of other syndromes such as chorea,
hyproadrenalism, pulmonary problems are now being understood.
This volume brings together a plethora of protocols and experimental methods used by scientists to study calpains, their inhibitors, and their substrates. It also explores bioinformatic approaches to calpain substrate identification. The chapters in this book are divided into five parts and cover topics such as production and purification of calpains; determination of calpain localization, expression, and activity; identification of calpain-activated protein function; interrogation of calpastatin; and manipulation of calpain expression. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and practical, Calpain: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for researchers and scientists who want to learn more about this developing field, and get inspired to make new discoveries that will aid in diagnosing and treating calpain-related diseases.
Over the last three decades, the interface between chemistry and biology has grown increasingly dynamic, resulting in the rapid expansion of communication and collaboration amongst research scientists, faculty and students in the fields of chemistry, biochemistry, biology, bioengineering, and beyond. This is due in part to society's growing demand for scientists, engineers and practitioners who can bring a more interdisciplinary approach to their work. For this reason, new elective courses at the undergraduate level that address topics crossing the traditional boundaries of chemistry and biology are increasingly necessary, as are courses that can provide traditional chemistry students with additional insight into the fundamental role that chemistry plays in the function and evolution of biological systems. Morrow's book builds on the foundation of a one-year introductory course in organic chemistry, focusing on familiar organic chemical processes associated with the biosynthesis of primary and secondary metabolites, with special emphasis on the latter group. Ultimately, it brings to undergraduate science majors the opportunity to develop a deeper understanding of fundamental mechanistic organic chemistry within a meaningful biological context that goes far beyond the usual boxed essays or supplemental problems that increasingly crowd the margins of many introductory organic chemistry textbooks. The book offers ideal support for courses in chemistry, biochemistry, biology, pre-medicine and bioengineering programs.
Volume 608 of the series Methods in Enzymology covers key aspects of enzyme discovery, engineering tools and platforms, and examples of applications in the enzymology of synthetic biology.
It is commonly acknowledged that the nervous system and the immune system, those most complex of networks, share attributes beyond their intricacy. Elements common to the two systems include memory, connectivity, flexibility and developmental selection of cellular composition by a rigorous process involving widespread programmed cell death. There is one salient difference: the cells of the immune system are predominantly in constant motion, while post-mitotic neurons and glia are largely fixed in place. Therefore, chemokines, initially characterized as leukocyte chemoattractants, have for the last one and one-half decades been intensely and productively studied in the contexts of inflammation, immunity and hematopoietic development. Only recently have the two fields, neurobiology and immunology, displayed mutual interests in chemokines. This convergence of the two tribes of investigators was catalyzed by the finding that SDF-1 (now known as CXCL12) and its receptor, CXCR4, exerted significant and similar functions in development of both nervous and immune systems. Indeed CXCL12 and CXCR4 were required, in an uncannily similar fashion, for retention of pre-B lymphocytes at sites of maturation in the bone marrow and of neuronal progenitors in the external granule cell layer of the developing cerebellum. Recent reports indicate that chemoattraction of cerebellar granule cells through CXCR4 can be suppressed by reverse signaling initiated by binding of soluble eph receptors to transmembrane ephrin B, thereby establishing a link between chemokine action and a cardinal patterning system of the developing nervous system. As may be anticipated when a dam breaks, a massive influx of correlative observations in the nervous and immune systems is likely to ensue.
Computational Molecular modelling in Structural Biology, Volume 113, the latest release in the Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on charting the Bromodomain BRD4: Towards the Identification of Novel Inhibitors with Molecular Similarity and Receptor Mapping, and Computational Methods to Discover Compounds for the Treatment of Chagas Disease.
An accompanying volume (Volume 6) in this series presents
strategies of cellular invasion from the viewpoint of the microbe.
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