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Books > Science & Mathematics > Biology, life sciences > Human biology & related topics > Biological anthropology
An intellectual history of America's water management philosophy Humans take more than their geological share of water, but they do not benefit from it equally. This imbalance has created an era of intense water scarcity that affects the security of individuals, states, and the global economy. For many, this brazen water grab and the social inequalities it produces reflect the lack of a coherent philosophy connecting people to the planet. Challenging this view, Jeremy Schmidt shows how water was made a "resource" that linked geology, politics, and culture to American institutions. Understanding the global spread and evolution of this philosophy is now key to addressing inequalities that exist on a geological scale. Water: Abundance, Scarcity, and Security in the Age of Humanity details the remarkable intellectual history of America's water management philosophy. It shows how this philosophy shaped early twentieth-century conservation in the United States, influenced American international development programs, and ultimately shaped programs of global governance that today connect water resources to the Earth system. Schmidt demonstrates how the ways we think about water reflect specific public and societal values, and illuminates the process by which the American approach to water management came to dominate the global conversation about water. Debates over how human impacts on the planet are connected to a new geological epoch-the Anthropocene-tend to focus on either the social causes of environmental crises or scientific assessments of the Earth system. Schmidt shows how, when it comes to water, the two are one and the same. The very way we think about managing water resources validates putting ever more water to use for some human purposes at the expense of others.
Sambach brings together an ethnograhic study of a school and community in East Africa. Stambach focuses on the role school plays in the development of the children's identity and relationships to their parents and community, as well as in the development of the region. At issue here are the competing influences of Western modernity and the cultural traditions of East Africa-ideas about gender roles, sexuality, identity, and family and communal obligations are all at stake. Stambach looks at the controversial practice of female circumcision in the context of school and community teachings about girls' bodies and examines cultural signifiers like music, clothing and food to discuss the tensions in the region.
This rich source book informs its reader in a comparative perspective about the political and social-economic past and present of fifteen Western, Central and Eastern European countries. This includes the economic and social aspects of the development of the nation state, descriptions of the current political structures and institutions, an account of the types of ethnic composition of the populations, definitions of citizenship and a background to the existing political parties and preferences. The countries involved are: the Russian Federation, Ukraine, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Poland, Germany, Sweden, The Netherlands, Belgium, Britain, France, Spain and Italy. The authors are scholars in the fields of nationalism and ethnic conflict and they were invited to write their country chapters along the lines of a common format, paying special attention to the notion of state and nation building processes, citizenship definitions and minority issues. This book is a comprehensive reference guide for students and scholars in the fields of social sciences, European studies, history and other related disciplines and generally to those who are interested in the past and present of any one of the large number of countries described.
Is TV news racist? If the purpose of local news is to cover
individual communities and to present issues of interest and
concern to local audiences, why are local newscasts so similar in
markets around the country? These are the questions that motivated
Heider's research, leading to the development of this book.
Recognizing that local news is the outlet through which most people
get their news, Heider ventured into the local television newsrooms
in two moderate-size, culturally diverse U.S. markets to observe
the news process. In this report, he uses his insider's perspective
to examine why local television news coverage of people of color
does not occur in more meaningful ways.
This book focuses on how Latin American people and cultural practices have moved from one continent to another, and specifically to London. How do Latin Americans experience such a process and what part do different people play in the re-making of Latin identities in the neighbourhoods, parks, bars and dance clubs of London? Through a critical engagement with theories of globalization, the geography of power, cultural identity and the transformation of places, the book explores how the formation of Latin identities is directly related to wider social, economic and political processes. Drawing on the voices of migrant peoples, community activists, shop owners, sports organizers, club owners, dancers, dance teachers, musicians and disc jockeys, the book argues that the micro movements of people - through a shopping mall or across a dance floor in a club - are directly connected to global processes involving the regulated movement of citizens, sounds and images across national boundaries and through cities.
Winner, 2020 Eileen Basker Memorial Prize, given by the Society for Medical Anthropology The troubling dynamic of the American home care industry where increased independence for the elderly conflicts with the well being of caregivers Paid home care is one of the fastest growing occupations in the United States, and millions of Americans rely on these workers to help them remain at home as they grow older. However, the industry is rife with contradictions. The United States spends a fortune on medical care, yet devotes comparatively few resources on improving wages, thus placing home care providers in the ranks of the working poor. As a result, the work that enables some older Americans to live independently generates profound social inequalities. Inequalities of Aging explores the ways in which these inequalities play out on the ground as workers, who are disproportionately women of color and immigrants, earn poverty-level wages and often struggle to provide for themselves and their families. The ethnographic narrative reveals how two of the nation's most pressing concerns-rising social inequality and caring for an aging population-intersect to transform the lives of older adults, home care workers, and the world around them. The book takes readers inside the homes and offices of people connected to two Chicago area home care agencies serving low-income and affluent older adults, respectively. Through intimate portrayals of daily life, Elana D. Buch illustrates how diverse histories, care practices, and social policies overlap and contribute to social inequality. Illuminating the lived experience of both workers and their clients, Inequalities of Aging shows the different ways in which the idea of independence both connects and shapes the lives of the elderly and the working poor.
This text applies a consumption approach to the study of ethnicity and nationalism, thereby challenging the usual "top down" approach to nation-formation. Contributors look at different forms of consumption, including the national lottery, theme parks, museums, cross-cultural handbooks, pop songs and audio-visual material. Chapters span diverse parts of Asia, from Korea, Japan and China to Malaysia and Sri Lanka.
In this timely and well-argued book, author Philip Nicholson offers a provocative explanation of the force and place of race in modern history, showing that race and nation have a linked history. Using the deliberately ironic metaphor of the double helix, the author shows the close historical connection of race and nation as each interrelates with the other in shaping and carrying social and institutional practices over many centuries. Five themes recur throughout the work: modernity is built on the twin pillars of race and nation; national instability, rivalry, and imperial conquest -- outside of dynastic, religious, or feudal disputes -- evoke differential (i.e., racial) human social categories, loyalties, and mythologies; racial vilification emerges out of material and cultural expropriation; racial degradation is typically the inverse projection of dominant national normative values, beliefs, or ideals; and race and nation share in the twists and turns of modern history and are inseparably linked and interdependent.
Throughout the twentieth century, Spanish people have deployed
conflicting sexual moralities in their struggle for political
supremacy within the state. The Spanish Gypsies or Gitanos, who
live at the very bottom of the Spanish socio-economic scale, have
appropriated this concern with gender morality and, in the process,
have reinvented themselves as the only honourable Spaniards.
Although the Gitano gender ideology has a distinctively Spanish
flavour, it revolves around a conceptualization of the female body
that is radically different from that of other Spaniards.
Hurricane Katrina forced the largest and most abrupt displacement in U.S. history. About 1.5 million people evacuated from the Gulf Coast preceding Katrina's landfall. New Orleans, a city of 500,000, was nearly emptied of life after the hurricane and flooding. Katrina survivors eventually scattered across all fifty states, and tens of thousands still remain displaced. Some are desperate to return to the Gulf Coast but cannot find the means. Others have chosen to make their homes elsewhere. Still others found a way to return home but were unable to stay due to the limited availability of social services, educational opportunities, health care options, and affordable housing. The contributors to Displaced have been following the lives of Katrina evacuees since 2005. In this illuminating book, they offer the first comprehensive analysis of the experiences of the displaced. Drawing on research in thirteen communities in seven states across the country, the contributors describe the struggles that evacuees have faced in securing life-sustaining resources and rebuilding their lives. They also recount the impact that the displaced have had on communities that initially welcomed them and then later experienced "Katrina fatigue" as the ongoing needs of evacuees strained local resources. Displaced reveals that Katrina took a particularly heavy toll on households headed by low-income African American women who lost the support provided by local networks of family and friends. It also shows the resilience and resourcefulness of Katrina evacuees who have built new networks and partnered with community organizations and religious institutions to create new lives in the diaspora.
In an increasing number of countries, women are more likely to emigrate to the United States than men. This book examines this trend, comparing selected case studies of Guatemalan women in Los Angeles who chose to immigrate, with a group of women who did not make their own decisions to immigrate, to determine what the conditions are in Guatemala that prompt women's migration. Kohpahl, a recent doctoral student in anthropology at UCLA, includes discussions of which type of woman decides to immigrate and what the conditions are for the women who remain behind.
A major critique of the globalization of the culture principle in
anthropology. This study contends that the subjective anthropology
promoted through postmodernism represents an extreme development of
long established, highly patronizing and misleading evaluations in
the anthropologist's creative role in the construction of theory.
Arguing that theory building is dependent on the actual study of
peoples - a study which is empirically based and historically
sensitive - the book advocates the "fieldwork mode of production
and reproduction." The simplest model for the construction of
empirically-grounded theory involves three interacting sets of
factors: the subjective ethnographer and their deployment of
current theoretical assumptions; the multi-layered ethnographic
"facts" disclosed by fieldwork; and the geopolitical and historical
contexts in which fieldwork is conducted.
A major critique of the globalization of the culture principle in
anthropology. This study contends that the subjective anthropology
promoted through postmodernism represents an extreme development of
long established, highly patronizing and misleading evaluations in
the anthropologist's creative role in the construction of theory.
Arguing that theory building is dependent on the actual study of
peoples - a study which is empirically based and historically
sensitive - the book advocates the "fieldwork mode of production
and reproduction." The simplest model for the construction of
empirically-grounded theory involves three interacting sets of
factors: the subjective ethnographer and their deployment of
current theoretical assumptions; the multi-layered ethnographic
"facts" disclosed by fieldwork; and the geopolitical and historical
contexts in which fieldwork is conducted.
This book develops the concept of racialisation. It argues that a full understanding of racialized discourse must pay attention to both the particular local circumstances in which they appear, and well-established themes which have unfolded over time. An important aspect of the study is the examination of other discourses with which racialized ideas have co-joined, reflecting the way in which notions of 'race' are socially constructed. The final part of the book returns to debates of the 1980's and argues that the racialisation of unrest in that decade was closely intertwined with conservative perspectives which sought to deny socio-economic causes in favour of explanations based upon the supposed cultural or personal proclivities of those involved.
This book of interdisciplinary readings on Gypsies is sensitive to the Romani point of view and avoids exoticizing or patronizing the Gypsies and their culture. Recurrent themes in the readings include: the historical oppression of the Gypsies including contemporary xenophobia and violence; the nonstatic, heterogeneous nature of Gypsy cultures; the persistence of racist stereotypes; and personal and institutional Gypsy/non-Gypsy relationships. Nearly all of the classic essays updated for this volume tell stories of the persistance of the Roma in the face of savage atrocities and appalling living conditions.
Although the French language and the traditional rural way of life are disappearing among Louisiana Cajuns, identification with Cajun ethnicity is flourishing. Henry and Bankston draw on historical documents, ethnographic observations and interviews, and statistical sources to investigate and explain this phenomenon. They argue that while Cajun ethnicity developed from and consisted of the French-speaking, rural poor of the region, it has been transformed, during the 20th century, into a regional class with common interests and outlooks. A substantial minority of Cajuns have risen out of the blue collar niche and into the middle class, creating more complicated problems of adjustment, role redefinition, and the changing nature of relationships with friends and family who remain part of the working class. The authors detail and describe the way the working class Cajun majority and the white collar Cajun minority draw on images and ideas from a reconstructed past to make sense of their present conditions and changes in their community. This comprehensive structural analysis of Cajun ethnicity suggests a new emphasis on structural conditions in understanding ethnic phenomena and introduces the concept of an economy of ethnicity. In analyzing and exploring the creation and maintenance of Cajun ethnicity, Henry and Bankston also point toward a general theory of contemporary ethnic groups. Why, for instance, have more and more people claimed to be of Native American ancestry? How did the population of people calling themselves Irish soar over the course of a very brief period of time? Arguing that as the cultural basis of difference subsides, ethnic claims increase, and that such claims are based on a number of factors including socioeconomic and regional concerns, the authors contend that the same factors at play in the maintenance of the Cajun ethnicity are also at play in other ethnic communities and subcultures within the United States. They conclude that in claiming an ethnic identity, group members rework ideas of history and ancestry in order to apply these ideas to modern life.
The first encyclopedic history of physical anthropology
Increase your awareness, knowledge, and skills to more effectively recognize the influences of cultural group membership. Now, more than ever, counselors and other health professionals must broaden their understanding and appreciation for the role culture plays in the way people think, feel, and act. In the newly revised and expanded edition of Increasing Multicultural Understanding, Don C. Locke provides the tools necessary to foster positive and productive relationships among culturally diverse populations. The book encourages readers to explore their own cultural background and identity, and in the process, begin to better understand others. A best-seller in the first edition, Increasing Multicultural Understanding, Second Edition still presents its classic framework for critical observation with 10 elements, including the history of oppression, religious practices, family structure, degree of acculturation, poverty, language and the arts, racism and prejudice, sociopolitical factors, child-rearing practices, and values and attitudes. Two new chapters focus on Muslims and Jews in America, while chapters on such specific groups as African Americans, Japanese Americans, Native American Indians, Vietnamese in the United States, and the Old Order Amish have been thoughtfully updated. Increasing Multicultural Understanding provides both undergraduates and graduate students in multicultural education or counseling with invaluable skills. It also successfully crosses disciplines to a variety of other fields in which the demand to understand cultural membership is growing, and works well for courses that cover specific information on a number of cultural groups.
With the steady increase in the number of Asian immigrants, our interest in Asian-American communities has intensified in recent years. While much has been written on the experiences of established immigrant communities such as the Chinese and the Japanese, little is yet known about the Korean Americans, one of today's fastest growing Asian-American minorities. This volume provides an overview of the history of Korean immigration to this country--from the first immigrants who arrived in Hawaii at the beginning of the century to the most recent waves of the 1980s and 1990s--and a detailed analysis of the main problems Korean Americans face in adjusting to life in their adopted country. The author collected most of his data through a questionnaire survey and case-study interviews, which provide lively, first-person accounts of the immigrant experience, focusing in particular on problems such as the language barrier, social isolation, family tension, and the challenge of earning a livelihood. |
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