In general, every problem of science and engineering is governed by mathematical models. There is often a need to model, solve and interpret the problems one encounters in the world of practical problems. Models of practical application problems usually need to be handled by efficient computational models. New Paradigms in Computational Modeling and Its Applications deals with recent developments in mathematical methods, including theoretical models as well as applied science and engineering. The book focuses on subjects that can benefit from mathematical methods with concepts of simulation, waves, dynamics, uncertainty, machine intelligence, and applied mathematics. The authors bring together leading-edge research on mathematics combining various fields of science and engineering. This perspective acknowledges the inherent characteristic of current research on mathematics operating in parallel over different subject fields. New Paradigms in Computational Modeling and Its Applications meets the present and future needs for the interaction between various science and technology/engineering areas on the one hand and different branches of mathematics on the other. As such, the book contains 13 chapters covering various aspects of computational modeling from theoretical to application problems. The first six chapters address various problems of structural and fluid dynamics. The next four chapters include solving problems where the governing parameters are uncertain regarding fuzzy, interval, and affine. The final three chapters will be devoted to the use of machine intelligence in artificial neural networks.

This book takes the notions of adaptivity and learning from the realm of engineering into the realm of biology and natural processes. It introduces a Hebbian-LMS algorithm, an integration of unsupervised Hebbian learning and supervised LMS learning in neural networks, as a mathematical representation of a general theory for synaptic learning in the brain, and adaptation and functional control of homeostasis in living systems. Written in a language that is able to address students and scientists with different backgrounds, this book accompanies readers on a unique journey through various homeostatic processes in living organisms, such as body temperature control and synaptic plasticity, explaining how the Hebbian-LMS algorithm can help understand them, and suggesting some open questions for future research. It also analyses cell signalling pathways from an unusual perspective, where hormones and hormone receptors are shown to be regulated via the principles of the Hebbian-LMS algorithm. It further discusses addiction and pain, and various kinds of mood disorders alike, showing how they can be modelled with the Hebbian-LMS algorithm. For the first time, the Hebbian-LMS algorithm, which has been derived from a combination of Hebbian theory from the neuroscience field and the LMS algorithm from the engineering field of adaptive signal processing, becomes a potent model for understanding how biological regulation works. Thus, this book is breaking new ground in neuroscience by providing scientists with a general theory for how nature does control synaptic learning. It then goes beyond that, showing that the same principles apply to hormone-mediated regulation of physiological processes. In turn, the book tackles in more depth the concept of learning. It covers computer simulations and strategies for training neural networks with the Hebbian-LMS algorithm, demonstrating that the resulting algorithms are able to identify relationships between unknown input patterns. It shows how this can translate in useful ideas to understand human memory and design cognitive structures. All in all, this book offers an absolutely, unique, inspiring reading for biologists, physiologists, and engineers, paving the way for future studies on what we could call the nature's secret learning algorithm.

This open access book establishes a dialog among the medical and intelligent system domains for igniting transition toward a sustainable and cost-effective healthcare. The Person-Centered Care (PCC) positions a person in the center of a healthcare system, instead of defining a patient as a set of diagnoses and treatment episodes. The PCC-based conceptual background triggers enhanced application of Artificial Intelligence, as it dissolves the limits of processing traditional medical data records, clinical tests and surveys. Enhanced knowledge for diagnosing, treatment and rehabilitation is captured and utilized by inclusion of data sources characterizing personal lifestyle, and health literacy, and it involves insights derived from smart ambience and wearables data, community networks, and the caregivers' feedback. The book discusses intelligent systems and their applications for healthcare data analysis, decision making and process design tasks. The measurement systems and efficiency evaluation models analyze ability of intelligent healthcare system to monitor person health and improving quality of life.

The microneedle field has been expanding exponentially with innovative designs and various applications, thus capturing the interest of academic industry and regulatory sectors. Microneedles: The Future of Drug Delivery equips readers with a comprehensive understanding of microneedles; from percutaneous absorption to microneedles production, characterization, applications in drug delivery and diagnosis, to practical perspectives on the development, manufacturing, regulatory issues, and commercialization of microneedles. This book is written by a single author and thus provides complex information in a simple, elegant and cohesive style. The book is intended for graduate students, researchers, scientists and engineers working in the pharmaceutical, medical, cosmeceutical, and biotechnology industry.

This new edition presents an authoritative account of the current state of brain biomechanics research for engineers, scientists and medical professionals. Since the first edition in 2011, this topic has unquestionably entered into the mainstream of biomechanical research. The book brings together leading scientists in the diverse fields of anatomy, neuroimaging, image-guided neurosurgery, brain injury, solid and fluid mechanics, mathematical modelling and computer simulation to paint an inclusive picture of the rapidly evolving field. Covering topics from brain anatomy and imaging to sophisticated methods of modeling brain injury and neurosurgery (including the most recent applications of biomechanics to treat epilepsy), to the cutting edge methods in analyzing cerebrospinal fluid and blood flow, this book is the comprehensive reference in the field. Experienced researchers as well as students will find this book useful.

This book gathers revised selected papers from the 3rd International Workshop on Gerontechnology, IWoG 2020, held on October 5-6, 2020, in Evora, Portugal. They reports on cutting-edge technologies and optimized workflows for promoting active aging and assisting and elderly people at home, as well as in healthcare centers. It discusses the main challenges in the development, use and delivery of health care services and technologies. Not only they proposes solutions for improving in practice the monitoring and management of health parameters and age-related diseases, yet they also describes improved approaches for helping seniors in their daily tasks and facilitating their communication and integration with assistive technologies, thus improving their quality of life, as well as their social integration. The book provides health professionals, researchers, and service providers with extensive information on the latest trends in the development and practical application of gerontechnology in elderly care.

Discovered in the 20th century, biomaterials have contributed to many of the incredible scientific and technological advancements made in recent decades. This book introduces and details the tenets of biomaterials, their relevance in a various fields, practical applications of their products, and potential advancements of the years to come. A comprehensive resource, the text covers the reasons that certain properties of biomaterials contribute to specific applications, and students and researchers will appreciate this exhaustive textbook.

In the age of data science, the rapidly increasing amount of data is a major concern in numerous applications of computing operations and data storage. Duplicated data or redundant data is a main challenge in the field of data science research. Data Deduplication Approaches: Concepts, Strategies, and Challenges shows readers the various methods that can be used to eliminate multiple copies of the same files as well as duplicated segments or chunks of data within the associated files. Due to ever-increasing data duplication, its deduplication has become an especially useful field of research for storage environments, in particular persistent data storage. Data Deduplication Approaches provides readers with an overview of the concepts and background of data deduplication approaches, then proceeds to demonstrate in technical detail the strategies and challenges of real-time implementations of handling big data, data science, data backup, and recovery. The book also includes future research directions, case studies, and real-world applications of data deduplication, focusing on reduced storage, backup, recovery, and reliability.

Presents sensor specification, theory of operation, sensor design, and application criteria Provides background plus specific information for practicing engineers who want to understand sensors Includes a complete chapter on industrial sensor communication protocols Explains temperature sensitivity, how to determine, and how to avoid Discusses how to understand and utilize sensor specifications

Digital Health: Mobile and Wearable Devices for Participatory Health Applications is a key reference for engineering and clinical professionals considering the development or implementation of mobile and wearable solutions in the healthcare domain. The book presents a comprehensive overview of devices and appropriateness for the respective applications. It also explores the ethical, privacy, and cybersecurity aspects inherent in networked and mobile technologies. It offers expert perspectives on various approaches to the implementation and integration of these devices and applications across all areas of healthcare. The book is designed with a multidisciplinary audience in mind; from software developers and biomedical engineers who are designing these devices to clinical professionals working with patients and engineers on device testing, human factors design, and user engagement/compliance.

Biomedical signals provide unprecedented insight into abnormal or anomalous neurological conditions. The computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system plays a key role in detecting neurological abnormalities and improving diagnosis and treatment consistency in medicine. This book covers different aspects of biomedical signals-based systems used in the automatic detection/identification of neurological disorders. Several biomedical signals are introduced and analyzed, including electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG), heart rate (HR), magnetoencephalogram (MEG), and electromyogram (EMG). It explains the role of the CAD system in processing biomedical signals and the application to neurological disorder diagnosis. The book provides the basics of biomedical signal processing, optimization methods, and machine learning/deep learning techniques used in designing CAD systems for neurological disorders.

Wearable Sensors: Fundamentals, Implementation and Applications has been written by a collection of experts in their field, who each provide you with an understanding of how to design and work with wearable sensors. Together these insights provide the first single source of information on wearable sensors that would be a fantastic addition to the library of any engineers working in this field. Wearable Sensors covers a wide variety of topics associated with development and applications of wearable sensors. It also provides an overview and a coherent summary of many aspects of wearable sensor technology. Both professionals in industries and academic researchers need this package of information in order to learn the overview and each specific technology at the same time. This book includes the most current knowledge on the advancement of light-weight hardware, energy harvesting, signal processing, and wireless communications and networks. Practical problems with smart fabrics, biomonitoring and health informatics are all addressed, plus end user centric design, ethical and safety issues. The new edition is completely reviewed by key figures in the field, who offer authoritative and comprehensive information on the various topics. A new feature for the second edition is the incorporation of key background information on topics to allow the less advanced user access to the field and to make the title more of an auto-didactic book for undergraduates.

The cross-disciplinary pursuits between modern technology, their computations and applications to the human body have exploded because of rapid developments in computer technology and mathematical computational techniques.

This four-volume set, Computational Methods in Biophysics, Biomaterials, Biotechnology and Medical Systems, represents the first multi-volume treatment of this significant subject on the international scene. The work is an indispensable reference source by leading researchers, and is essential reference work for academics, practitioners, students and researchers working with:
*Computers in Medicine,
*Science and Mathematics in Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Bioengineering,
*Computational Biophysics.

Volume Synopsis:
Volume 1: Algorithm Techniques
The first volume begins logically with algorithmic techniques and their application in medical imaging procedures Electrocardiography (ECG) and Magnetoencephalography (MEG): modeling techniques used in data rich biomechanics and biomedical environments; and specific coverage of artificial neural networks for rehabilitation and DNA sequence analysis.
Volume 2: Computational Methods
Volume 2 presents computational methods across a broad array of subjects, from bone implants and wound healing to temperature driven physiological reactions of arms and legs; from spatial pattern analysis and binocular fixation systems to telerobotic surgery; and computer design and manufacturing systems in biomedicine.
Volume 3: Mathematical Analysis Methods
This volume focuses on methods of mathematical analysis, starting with medical imaging. Then to biological modeling for applications to blood flow, neuranatomy and motion analysis of tumors and metastases; mathematical methods related to Doppler examination of the heart, blood pressure drugs and knee implants; and closing with biosignal interchange formats and boundary element methods for biological systems.
Volume 4: Diagnostic Methods
This volume presents a rich variety of diagnostic methods and techniques derived from results of the earlier volumes. From analytical to heuristic to modern methods of artificial intelligence, a significant summary is provided on the essential role computational methods play in medical systems.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the third international conference AsiaHaptics 2018, held in Songdo, Korea. It presents the state-of-the-art of the diverse haptics (touch)-related research, including perception and illusion, development of haptics devices, and applications to a wide variety of fields such as education, medicine, telecommunication, navigation and entertainment. This book is a valuable resource not only for active haptics researchers, but also for general readers wishing to understand the status quo in this interdisciplinary area of science and technology.

This study presents an overview of the relationship between biomedical policy and mental health. It explores a broad array of biomedical research and technology issues which impact mental health policy, and it examines how the very conduct of biomedical research and the use of its technology have implications for the mental health of people. Synthesizing mental health history, law, policy, and treatment, Donna Kemp highlights mental health and reproductive technology and research, prevention issues, identification of and intervention in cases of mental disability, and drug treatment and experimentation issues.

This book presents and discusses recent scientific progress on Cell and Stem Cell Engineering. It predominantly focuses on Biological, Physical and Technical Basics, and features new trends of research reaching far into the 21st century.

Natural Gums: Extraction, Properties, and Applications provides thorough, methodical coverage of a range of natural gums. These naturally forming polysaccharides or complex carbohydrates offer advantageous properties and a range of possible applications. The book begins by introducing fundamental knowledge regarding natural gums, including structures and properties, functionalization, gelatin behavior, and characterization techniques. Subsequent sections of the book provide in-depth chapters, each guiding the reader through the extraction, properties and applications of a specific gum type, covering plant-based, animal-based, microbial-based, and marine-based natural gums. Finally, the future potential of natural gums, and their implications in a circular economy approach, are considered. This is an informative resource for researchers and advanced students in bio-based materials, polymer science, chemistry, bioengineering, materials science, and food science, as well as industrial scientists and R&D professionals with an interest in natural gums and bio-based materials for advanced applications.

Nanotechnology in Herbal Medicine: Applications and Innovations details how nanomaterials can be utilized to improve the therapeutic mechanisms and key properties of herbal drugs. This book guides the reader through the preparation, properties, applications, benefits and challenges of herbal nanoformulations, helping them solve fundamental and applied problems in the area of novel herbal medicines and drug delivery systems. Herbal drugs play a large role in traditional medicines, which are actively used by many cultures across the globe for the treatment of various illnesses and injuries. Despite their widespread use, herbal medicines may lead to possible health risks due to the lack of information on the chemical composition and permitted dosage.

This book explores Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) dynamics as investigated through Electrodermal Activity (EDA) processing. It presents groundbreaking research in the technical field of biomedical engineering, especially biomedical signal processing, as well as clinical fields of psychometrics, affective computing, and psychological assessment. This volume describes some of the most complete, effective, and personalized methodologies for extracting data from a non-stationary, nonlinear EDA signal in order to characterize the affective and emotional state of a human subject. These methodologies are underscored by discussion of real-world applications in mood assessment. The text also examines the physiological bases of emotion recognition through noninvasive monitoring of the autonomic nervous system. This is an ideal book for biomedical engineers, physiologists, neuroscientists, engineers, applied mathmeticians, psychiatric and psychological clinicians, and graduate students in these fields. This book also: Expertly introduces a novel approach for EDA analysis based on convex optimization and sparsity, a topic of rapidly increasing interest Authoritatively presents groundbreaking research achieved using EDA as an exemplary biomarker of ANS dynamics Deftly explores EDA's potential as a source of reliable and effective markers for the assessment of emotional responses in healthy subjects, as well as for the recognition of pathological mood states in bipolar patients

This volume covers current research in the usage of magnetic nanoparticles for drug delivery. It discusses synthesis methods, stabilizers used for surface coating on MNPs, and potential target ligands which can be used to ferry payloads to the targeted disease region. It also highlights the factors affecting delivery efficiency and toxicity, as well as the different routes of administration. The content also focus on the use of these carriers for gene therapy and to target brain tumors. This volume will be of interest to researchers working on drug discovery and delivery platforms.

Autonomous Positioning of Piezoactuated Mechanism for Biological Cell Puncture gives a systematic and almost selfcontained description of the many facets of advanced design, optimization, modeling, system identification and advanced control techniques for positioning of cell puncture mechanism with piezoelectric actuator in micro/nanorobotics systems. To achieve biomedical applications, reliability design, modeling, and precision control are vitally important for developing engineering systems. With the advances in mechanical design, dynamic modeling, system identification, and control techniques, exploiting them for the benefit of reliability design, precision control, and quick actuation of micro/nanomanipulation systems to expand the robot's applications at the micro and nanoscales, especially for biomedical applications. This book unifies existing and emerging techniques concerning advanced design, modeling and advanced control methodologies in micropuncture of biological cells using piezoelectric actuator with their practical biomedical applications. The book is an essential resource for researchers within robotics, mechatronics, biomedical engineering, and automatic control society, including both academic and industrial parts. KEY FEATURES * Provides a series of latest results in, including but not limited to, design, modeling, and control of micro/nanomanipulation systems utilizing piezoelectric actuator * Gives recent advances of theory, technological aspects, and applications of advanced modeling, control, and actuation methodologies in cell engineering applications * Presents simulation and experimental results to reflect the micro/nano manipulation practice, and also validate the performances of the developed design, analysis, and synthesis approaches

The book provides an overview of bio-manufacturing techniques for the production, purification, characterization and modification of chito/chitin oligosaccharides and their monomers. In addition, it explores potential applications in the food, biomedical and agricultural industry on the basis of their bioactivities and biomaterial properties. Lastly, it shares a range of cutting-edge insights to help solve problems in industrial processes and promote further academic investigation. Given its scope, it offers a valuable resource for researchers and graduate students in the fields of bioengineering, food science, biochemistry, etc.

Plastic is one of the widely used polymers around the globe since its discovery. It is highly impossible to think the ease of life without the aid of plastic. Every year billion tons of plastic waste gets accumulated in the environment and leads to death of both marine and terrestrial animals. Plastic is very durable and needs around 1000 years to degrade under the natural environment. The present book illustrates the importance and significance of the bioremediation to tackle the problem of plastic waste. Previously, we have reported elite rhizobacterial isolates (Lysinibacillus fusiformis strain VASB14/WL and Bacillus cereus strain VASB1/TS) of Avicennia marina Vierh (Forsk.) from the West Coast of India with the potential to degrade plastic (polythene). The present book attempted to address the bioremediation scenario of plastic waste (including micro plastic) using microbes with bacteria in particular. Various strategies used to tackle with the plastic waste were highlighted with case studies of plastic waste management, including in vitro, in situ and ex situ with a special reference to biodegradation technology. After the biodegradation of the plastic using microbes, the generated plastic (polythene) degradation products (PE-DPs) were also documented using GC-MS technique followed by their deleterious effect on both animal and plant systems. The book also enhances the awareness of the plastic-free society and also suggests some alternative materials to be used instead of plastic. Lastly, the book suggests/recommends the strategies to be followed by the lawmakers in the government organizations/non-government organizations/social organizations to frame the regulations and guidelines to implement at mass level to reduce the generation of plastic waste.

In recent years there has been rapid progress in the development of signal processing in general, and more specifically in the application of signal processing and pattern analysis to biological signals. Techniques, such as parametric and nonparametric spectral estimation, higher order spectral estimation, time-frequency methods, wavelet transform, and identifi cation of nonlinear systems using chaos theory, have been successfully used to elucidate basic mechanisms of physiological and mental processes. Similarly, biological signals recorded during daily medical practice for clinical diagnostic procedures, such as electroen cephalograms (EEG), evoked potentials (EP), electromyograms (EMG) and electrocardio grams (ECG), have greatly benefitted from advances in signal processing. In order to update researchers, graduate students, and clinicians, on the latest developments in the field, an International Symposium on Processing and Pattern Analysis of Biological Signals was held at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, during March 1995. This book contains 27 papers delivered during the symposium. The book follows the five sessions of the symposium. The first section, Processing and Pattern Analysis of Normal and Pathological EEG, accounts for some of the latest developments in the area of EEG processing, namely: time varying parametric modeling; non-linear dynamic modeling of the EEG using chaos theory; Markov analysis; delay estimation using adaptive least-squares filtering; and applications to the analysis of epileptic EEG, EEG recorded from psychiatric patients, and sleep EEG."

This book describes the range of technologies that have been developed for diagnosing and assessing Parkinson's disease patients. Also presenting the latest studies providing insights into the changes to the neural system in Parkinson's disease, it is a valuable resource for neurologists, general practitioners and nurses. Further, the book highlights areas that require more research, and as such will appeal to researchers, biomedical engineers and clinicians.