The sixth edition of Ellestad's classic text on cardiac stress testing has been extensively updated and re-written to communicate contemporary understanding of the classical principles of stress testing to clinicians and researchers, students and seasoned practitioners alike. The current techniques for performing stress tests presented herein reflect major technologic advances in imaging, physiologic monitoring and the assessment of cardiovascular risk, addressing fundamental paradigm shifts in interventional, surgical and medical treatment of heart disease. Moreover, the text addresses the dramatic changes that are occurring in patient demographics and the environmental, socioeconomic, gender and genomic factors that crucially impact heart disease and warrant attention when performing cardiac stress testing. Chapters on the physiology of exercise testing including practical details regarding protocols for conducting the stress test, proper supervision, important parameters to be monitored, and the diagnostic and prognostic information to be gleaned from the electrocardiogram set the stage for expanded chapters on the use of cardiac imaging in conjunction with stress testing. Physiologic and metabolic considerations during stress testing are covered in detail. Application of stress testing to special populations, such as women, children, athletes, and individuals in both high and low risk groups are covered in new chapters. Finally, the authors address the use of stress testing in limited resource environments and discuss global changes in the incidence of atherosclerosis, and suggest how stress testing may evolve.

This timely Second Edition of a landmark reference furnishes in-depth examinations of the latest developments in the physiology, pathophysiology, and clinical relevance of the respiratory muscles and chest wall--reflecting the explosion of information that has occurred since the publication of the previous edition.

The fully revised second edition of the Encyclopedia of Heart Diseases is an ideal resource for practicing clinicians and researchers. Available in print, online, and with dual access, it is a clear and comprehensive aggregation of the most crucial information and essential data on cardiovascular diseases and therapeutics. Comprised of over 95 entries with regular online updates, the Encyclopedia of Heart Diseases is fully referenced, and major points of interests are hyperlinked to complementary sections. Each entry is logically and superbly written, providing accurate core knowledge of pathogenesis, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnostic techniques, and management strategies. Specific detail is paid to technological advances in imaging and diagnostics. Therapy focused entries give powerful insights into not only prescribing drug regimens, but also into the controversies surrounding their use. This major reference work is invaluable for all those involved in the care of cardiovascular patients. From the front-line practitioner to the basic science researcher to the student in training, the Encyclopedia of Heart Diseases offers an astute authoritative guide to navigating an immense body of fascinating information. From the trainee to the internist and cardiologist, all will find it useful. It is an essential resource for medical libraries and academic institutions worldwide. From the Foreword: So, what would we want from an encyclopedia on heart disease? Ideally, a book would be comprehensive, yet concise, and be practically oriented, and explain pathophysiology and treatment. In addition, it should be accessible online so that it can be accessed at the bedside or anywhere. Dr. Khan has written exactly such a book. Encyclopedia of Heart Diseases is comprehensive, yet concise, and very practically oriented. Importantly, it takes a step-by-step approach, walking the reader through a thorough pathophysiology of conditions, their evaluation and treatment. For therapies, he provides the mechanism of the drug, its doses, side effects and clinical efficacy. ...A terrific online resource with all the information you need! - Christopher P. Cannon, MD, TIMI Study Group, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

Venous insufficiency is a common cause of restricted activity, early retirement, and prolonged medical care, all of which contribute immensely to its social and economic burden. For many, it means disfiguring and troublesome skin conditions and ulcers in the legs. Despite the frequency and the exasperating nature of venous insufficiency, it is a largely under-diagnosed and under-treated condition. Yet, when identified and treated appropriately, the complications can be controlled, if not eliminated. This accessible text offers clear cut explanations of the causes of venous insufficiency and of the symptoms and findings that point to the diagnosis. It is designed to ease the labor-intensive burden of managing the results of venous insufficiency in the office practice while describing interventions that the patient and / or caregiver can apply at home.

Cardiac Problems in Pregnancy ist ein einzigartig ausfuhrliches und umfassendes Fachbuch fur die Diagnose und das Management von in der Schwangerschaft auftretenden kardiovaskularen Erkrankungen. Es beschreibt eine Vielzahl von angeborenen und erworbenen kardiovaskularen Krankheiten, untersucht Erkrankungen des Herzens vor dem Hintergrund der Auswirkungen auf die Schwangerschaft und die zu erwartenden physiologischen Veranderungen. Diese Hilfestellung ist dringend erforderlich, da angeborene und erworbene Herzerkrankungen die Hauptursachen fur die Morbiditat und Mortalitat von Muttern sind. Diese 4. Auflage mit 36 neuen oder umfassend uberarbeiteten Kapiteln enthalt die neuesten Erkenntnisse aus Forschung und Klinik und eine aktualisierte Bibliographie von Publikationen zum Thema Schwangerschaft bei Frauen mit kardiovaskularen Erkrankungen. Das Fachbuch ist auch eine praktische Schritt-fur-Schritt-Anleitung fur Pflegepersonal, das Patientinnen mit Herzerkrankungen wahrend der Schwangerschaft, unter der Geburt und im Wochenbett betreuen. Inhalte: - Alles Wissenswerte zu kardiologischen Erkrankungen bei Schwangeren. - UEberarbeitete Kapitel mit aktuellen Forschungserkenntnissen und Daten. - Handreichungen zur Durchfuhrung von Risikobewertungen und Eingriffen vor und wahrend einer Schwangerschaft. - Erlauterung von diagnostischen und therapeutischen Ansatzen bei kardiovaskularen Erkrankungen in der Schwangerschaft.

This useful reference provides up-to-the-minute coverage of every aspect of valvular heart disease-presenting etiology, pathophysiology, and symptomatology in detail as well as current methods of diagnosis and treatment.
Examines specific problems in valvular heart disease such as endocarditis, pregnancy, arrhythmias, rheumatic disease, acute regurgitation, and surgery in children and the elderly
Reviewing the latest invasive and non-invasive diagnostic techniques and analyzing the wide variety of management choices, Valvular Heart Disease
explicates the pathology, echocardiography, and the radiological examination of valvular diseases
discusses each of the heart valves
elucidates possible pitfalls in diagnosis and management
shows how to assess left and right ventricular function and how to time surgery
illustrates the benefits and drawbacks of medical, interventional, and surgical management, including balloon catheter, valvotomy, and valve repair
supplies an in-depth overview of conservative therapy
and more

Essentials of Bedside Cardiology, Second Edition, like the first edition, is designed for those who wish to balance technological advances with increased personal skill in history taking and physical examination. It is important to teach physicians that all technologies now in use for diagnosing cardiovascular disorders, such as echocardiography, can have false positive and false negative results. It is not always wise to rely on these technologies alone; indeed, they may not even be available in some settings. Even when the full panoply of up-to-date techniques is at the physician's disposal, the patient may not be a good candidate for an echocardiogram, or the technician or reader may not be well qualified, or the equipment itself may be substandard. Technology must be combined with physical examination to decide what is true and what is false. The practice of expert history taking and physical examination returns the physician to the actual patient, where the physician can feel like a "real doctor" rather than a mere interpreter of laboratory data. Essentials of Bedside Cardiology, Second Edition, strives to teach and not simply to tell the facts, relying on three basic methods derived from the psychology of teaching and learning: 1. Explain the facts. 2. Use a question and answer format-the Socratic method. 3. Provide tricks or mnemonics to help the reader remember the facts.

This book provides an overview of the etiology of coronary artery disease and focuses on the main therapies and drug interventions currently available. It highlights drug pharmacology and therapeutic challenges, with a special emphasis on the underlying principles of available therapeutics and the on-going development of drugs for coronary artery disease. The book is divided into eight chapters, the first of which describes the classical mechanism of coronary artery disease and its clinical presentations. Chapter 2 lists the principles of and related evidence on the prevention and treatment of coronary artery disease. This includes diet and lifestyle management, and guidelines for the treatment of acute coronary syndrome and stable coronary artery disease. In turn, Chapter 3 describes revascularization treatments, covering percutaneous coronary interventions, coronary artery bypass grafts and thrombolysis. This chapter also addresses the main therapeutic challenges. The following chapters provide an overview of three major categories of coronary artery disease drugs, which target thrombosis (Chapter 4), lipid metabolism (Chapter 5), and hypertension (Chapter 6). Heart failure constitutes the major health burden in the late stage of coronary artery disease; accordingly, current heart failure therapeutics and related drug pharmacology are described in Chapter 7. In closing, Chapter 8 provides a summary of on-going clinical trials for coronary artery disease drug development and discusses a number of promising areas in which intensive research into new therapeutics is being pursued. Given its scope, the book will be of interest to clinicians, medical students and research scientists, as well as to pharmaceutical professionals who are seeking new therapies and drugs for coronary artery disease and related disorders.

What chemicals are poisonous to the heart and why are they toxic?
Find out by reading Principles of Cardiac Toxicology. Certain chemicals can produce toxicity by interacting with elements of the cardiovascular system. This book presents the anatomical, physiological, biochemical, and pathological basis for this interaction and describes the classes of chemicals known to produce cardiovascular toxicity. Characteristics of potential antidotes are also discussed. Clinicians and researchers will discover that this volume is an essential guide to understanding factors that could contribute to cardiovascular health and disease. Cardiologists, emergency room physicians, intensive care nurses, consulting pharmacists, and basic medical scientists will also benefit from this comprehensive work.

The field of stroke and cerebrovascular disease in children is one in which there has been much recent research activity leading to new clinical perspectives. This book, for the first time, summarises the 'state of the art' in this field. A team of eminent clinicians, neurologists and researchers from Britain, Europe and Canada provide an up-to-the-minute account of all aspects of stroke and cerebrovascular disease in children, ranging from a historical perspective to future directions, through epidemiology, the latest neuroimaging techniques, neurodevelopment, co-morbidities, diagnosis and treatment. The authors' practical approach to the clinical problems makes this essential reading for practising clinicians. It will also be of interest to researchers in the field.

Although cardiac surgery has made an enormous progress during the last decades, the discipline has to cope with essential changes: Patients are increasingly cared for by cardiologists and therefore referred to the surgeon in a later stage of disease. Consequently, they are more often in an increasingly serious state or in advanced age with significant comorbidities.

In order to meet the requirements of these different patient groups, cardiosurgical treatments require special protectional strategies for the heart in order to perform the planned operations safely. This book presents the latest knowledge of modern techniques of myocardial protection taking into consideration the different patient groups and current scientific strategies. Furthermore, it discusses present and future scientific approaches in myocardial protection and preservation.

The Handbook of Clinical Neurology series volumes provide comprehensive summaries of recent research on the brain and nervous system as they relate to clinical neurology. Cardiac disorders and diseases may often co-occur with, or cause, subsequent neurological disorders. Heart and Neurologic Disease identifies the top cardiac diseases and disorders most likely to have neurological disorders, how they will present, and how they are best treated. It identifies the mechanisms of action explaining why the conditions co-occur, and what clinicians should look for symptom wise, and how risk may be assessed. Coverage includes genetic cardiac disorders, cardiac trauma, surgery, infection, disease, and arrhythmia.

Diabetes has long been recognized as a disease of high blood sugar, and there has been a continuous search of the exact reason for its development and effective treatment. In 2005, the World Health Organization had estimated that more than 180 million people worldwide suffer from diabetes mellitus and indicated that this figure is likely to double within the next 20 years. Among the 3.8 million deaths each year associated with diabetes, about two thirds are attributable to cardiovascular complications, and diabetes is now considered to be a major metabolic risk factor for the occurrence of heart disease.

"Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Biochemical and Molecular Mechanisms" is a compilation of review articles devoted to the study on the topic with respect to biochemical and molecular mechanisms of hyperglycaemia. The wide range of areas covered here is of interest to basic research scientists, clinicians and graduate students, who are devoted to study the pathogenesis of diabetes-induced cardiovascular dysfunction. Furthermore, some chapters are directed towards increasing our understanding of novel ways for the prevention/treatment of cardiomyopathy.

Twenty five articles in this book are organized in three sections. The first section discusses general aspects of the metabolic derangements in diabetic cardiomyopathy including metabolic alterations and substrate utilization as well as cardiac remodelling in the heart; role of diet in the development of metabolic syndrome in the heart; effect of hyperglycaemia in terms of biochemical and structural alterations in heart. In the second section, several cellular and molecular mechanisms are discussed indicating that diabetic cardiomyopathy is a multifactorial and complex problem. The third section discusses the prevention and treatment of diabetes using appropriate diet, proper supplements including antioxidants, angiotensin inhibitors and some other drugs. All in all, this book discusses the diverse mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy with some information on new therapeutic approaches for finding solutions to prevent or reverse the development of cardiac dysfunction.

How to Prevent and Treat Heart Disease Using Nutrition and Vitamin Supplementation. .

This book provides information on the aortic valve. Written in a comprehensive style, it emphasizes the principles behind the development of artificial valves. It covers the principles of valve geometry, tissue structure and function relationships, valve dynamics, fluid dynamics, mechanical stresses, echocardiographic images, mechanisms of valve sounds, valvular pathology, and design and performance of bioprosthetic valves. It enhances our understanding of angiographic and echocardiographic images and calcific stenosis, and will be of value in the development of better prostheses. The Aortic Valve is the ideal text for biomedical engineers and a unique resource for teaching interdisciplinary approaches to medical and engineering students. This work is also an indispensible source for cardiac surgeons, pathologists, cardiologists, and manufacturers of prosthetic valves.

This book aims to clarify the potential association between frailty and cardiovascular disease in older people. Covering the biological as well as the clinical point of view, it allows researchers and clinicians to discover the significance of this topic. The contributions cover the most important aspects in the potential relationship between frailty and cardiovascular disease. In particular, authoritative authors in this field have clarified the definition and the epidemiology of frailty and cardiovascular disease in older people. A large part of the volume is dedicated to the biological mechanisms of frailty and cardiovascular disease, trying to find those in common between these two conditions. Since this book is dedicated to both researchers and clinicians, we have proposed some chapters to the importance of comprehensive geriatric assessment in the evaluation and treatment of cardiovascular diseases and frailty. In this regard, the importance of geriatric evaluation in cardiac surgery for older people is well covered. Finally, the importance of cardiac rehabilitation and physical exercise is summarized, being, actually, the most important treatments for both frailty and cardiovascular disease. Written by many well-known and widely published experts in their respective fields, this book will appeal to a wide readership such as researchers in the field and clinicians, especially suited in geriatric medicine and cardiology who, every day, face frail older patients.

Written by clinicians, for clinicians, Cardiovascular Medicine and Surgery offers a comprehensive, authoritative, and multidisciplinary approach to this rapidly evolving field. Covering every area relevant to the daily practice of cardiovascular medicine, this new and innovative reference text, led by Drs. Debabrata Mukherjee and Richard A. Lange, brings together a stellar team of cardiovascular specialists from leading medical centers worldwide who focus on cutting-edge strategies for the clinical and surgical management of patients. Both medicine and surgery are highlighted in chapters along with follow-up care and changing technology to equip the clinician for optimal patient care. Highly structured and templated chapters cover pathogenesis, diagnosis, management, special considerations/limitations, follow-up care, and on-going and future research , Provides clinicians and fellows with comprehensive, evidence-based guidance on clinical cardiology, cardiovascular imaging, cardiac catheterization, electrophysiology, heart failure, vascular medicine, cardiovascular surgery, adult congenital heart disease, and preventative cardiology. Offers a multidisciplinary, heart team approach for valvular pathologies and coronary heart disease, with chapters authored either by a cardiologist or cardiac surgeon, or both based on subspecialty. Features a dedicated section on cardiac surgery to provide cardiologists a better perspective of commonly performed cardiac surgical procedures, risks and benefits, follow-up patient care, and changing technology. Includes hundreds of high-quality full-color anatomic illustrations, diagnostic images (ECGs, transthoracic echocardiograms, angiograms, MRIs), diagnostic and management algorithms, quick-reference tables, and clinical case studies throughout. eBook provides on-the-go access to additional online-only figures, tables, and videos Serves as a comprehensive, easily accessible reference for busy practitioners and cardiovascular trainees. , Enrich Your eBook Reading Experience Read directly on your preferred device(s), such as computer, tablet, or smartphone. Easily convert to audiobook, powering your content with natural language text-to-speech. ,

Designed to effectively prepare pediatric cardiology fellows and practitioners for board certification and recertification, Pediatric Cardiology Board Review, Third Edition, provides easy access to more than 1,200 board-style questions. Based on the popular Mayo Clinic Pediatric Cardiology Review course and edited by Drs. Benjamin W. Eidem, Bryan C. Cannon, Jonathan N. Johnson, Anthony C. Chang, Frank Cetta, Robert E. Shaddy, and Paul Kantor, it covers all the latest advances in the diagnosis and management of congenital heart disease, provides full explanations for every question, and helps you make the most of your study time. Offers complete coverage of all areas of pediatric cardiology, including anatomy and physiology, congenital malformations, cardiac catheterization and angiography, outpatient cardiology, cardiac intensive care, pharmacology, surgical palliation and repair of congenital heart disease, and much more. Contains new content on Fetal and Neonatal Cardiology, Genetics and Congenital Heart Disease, Acquired and Systemic Heart Diseases (including rheumatic fever, Kawasaki disease, auto-immune conditions, HIV, kidney disease, and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children with COVID-19), and Classic Images in Congenital Heart Disease (featuring CXR images, echo clips, MRI/CTA images and cath/angio images of hallmark cases). The eBook supplies access to interactive versions of the multiple-choice questions as well as videos ensuring a thorough review of exam material. Enrich Your eBook Reading Experience Read directly on your preferred device(s),such as computer, tablet, or smartphone. Easily convert to audiobook,powering your content with natural language text-to-speech.

Concise, fact-based and packed with images and illustrations The EACVI Echo Handbook is the perfect companion for making both every day and complex clinical decisions. Designed and written by leading experts in the field of echocardiography for use in the clinical arena, this practical handbook provides the necessary information for reviewing, or consulting while performing or reporting on an echo or making clinical decisions based on echo findings. Disease-focussed and succinct, it covers the information needed to accurately perform and interpret echocardiograms, including how to set up the echo-machine to optimize an examination and how to perform echocardiographic disease assessment; the clinical indicators, procedures and contraindications. Linked to EACVI recommendations and the EACVI Core Curriculum The EACVI Echo Handbook is an essential and easily accessible manual on using echocardiography for sonographers and trainee cardiologists that should never be left behind when performing an echocardiogram.

The main aim of this book is to evaluate the concept of stress and provide tools for physicians to identify patients who might benefit from stress management. This will incorporate a detailed description of the physiological and pathophysiological consequences of acute and chronic stress that might lead to cardiovascular disease. The book will aim to critically evaluate interventional research (behavioural and other therapies) and provide evidence based recommendations on how to manage stress in the cardiovascular patient. Our intentions are to define and highlight stress as an etiological factor for cardiovascular disease, and to describe an evidence based "tool box" that physicians may use to identify and manage patients in whom stress may be an important contributing factor for their disease and their risk of suffering cardiovascular complications.