Chemical modelling covers a wide range of disciplines, and this book is the first stop for any chemist, materials scientist, biochemist, or molecular physicist wishing to acquaint themselves with major developments in the applications and theory of chemical modelling. Containing both comprehensive and critical reviews, it is a convenient reference to the current literature. Coverage includes, but is not limited to, considerations towards rigorous foundations for the natural-orbital representation of molecular electronic transitions, quantum and classical embedding schemes for optical properties, machine learning for excited states, ultrafast and wave function-based electron dynamics, and attosecond chemistry.

Catalysts are required for a variety of applications and researchers are increasingly challenged to find cost effective and environmentally benign catalysts to use. This volume looks at modern approaches to catalysis and reviews the extensive literature. Chapters highlight reactions active under oxidative coupling of methane conditions and how they are interlinked, heterogeneous nickel catalysts and their use in laboratory and industry, the reaction mechanism of heterogeneous catalysis with the surface science probe, the concepts of electroless deposition (ED) methods for preparation of true bimetallic catalysts, the general subject of metal-support interactions occurring over ruthenium-based catalysts and benzene as the target volatile organic compound (VOC). Appealing broadly to researchers in academia and industry, these illustrative chapters bridge the gap from academic studies in the laboratory to practical applications in industry not only for catalysis field but also for environmental protection. The book will be of great benefit to any researcher wanting a succinct reference on developments in this area now and looking to the future.

Aerosol science and engineering is a vibrant field of particle technology and chemical reaction engineering. The book presents a timely account of this interdisciplinary topic and its various application areas. It will be of interest to scientists or engineers active in aerosol physics, aerosol or colloid chemistry, atmospheric processes, and chemical, mechanical, environmental and/or materials engineering.

Key Features: Describes feedstock evaluation and the effects of elemental, chemical and fractional composition. Details reactor types and bed types. Explores the process options and parameters involved. Assesses coke formation and additives. Considers next generation processes and developments.

The features of chemistry that make it such a fascinating and engaging subject to teach also contribute to it being a challenging subject for many learners. Chemistry draws upon a wide range of abstract concepts, which are embedded in a large body of theoretical knowledge. As a science, chemistry offers ideas that are the products of scientists' creative imaginations, and yet which are motivated and constrained by observations of natural phenomena. Chemistry is often discussed and taught largely in terms of non-observable theoretical entities - such as molecules and electrons and orbitals - which probably seem as familiar and real to a chemistry teacher as Bunsen burners: and, yet, comprise a realm as alien and strange to many students as some learners' own alternative conceptions ('misconceptions') may appear to the teacher. All chemistry teachers know that chemistry is a conceptual subject, especially at the upper end of secondary school and at university level, and that some students struggle to understand many chemical ideas. This book offers a step-by-step analysis and discussion of just why some students find chemistry difficult, by examining the nature of chemistry concepts, and how they are communicated and learnt. The book considers the idea of concepts itself; draws upon case studies of how canonical chemical concepts have developed; explores how chemical concepts become represented in curriculum and in classroom teaching; and discusses how conceptual learning and development occurs. This book will be invaluable to anyone interested in teaching and learning and offers guidance to teachers looking to make sense of, and respond to, the challenges of teaching chemistry.