Evidence-Based Validation of Herbal Medicines: Translational Research on Botanicals brings together current thinking and practice in the characterization and validation of natural products. The book describes different approaches and techniques for evaluating the quality, safety and efficacy of herbal medicine, particularly methods to assess their activity and understand compounds responsible and their probable underlying mechanisms of action. This book brings together the views, expertise and experiences of scientific experts in the field of medicinal plant research, hence it will be useful for researcher who want to know more about the natural lead with their validation and also useful to exploit traditional medicines.

Coronavirus Drug Discovery, Volume Three: Druggable Targets and In Silico Update presents comprehensive information on drug discovery against COVID-19. Chapters in Part One of this volume describe the various druggable targets and associated signaling pathways for effective targeting of SARS-CoV-2. In Part Two, chapters discuss the various computational approaches and in silico studies against SARS-CoV-2. Written by global team of experts, this book is an excellent resource that will be extremely useful to drug developers, medicinal chemists, pharmaceutical companies in R&D, research institutes in both academia and industry, and the National Library of Medicines and Health. In addition, agencies such as the National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, World Health Organization, European Medicines Agency, the US Food and Drug Administration, and all others involved in drug discovery against COVID-19 will find this book useful.

Fused Pyrimidine-Based Drug Discovery covers all categories of fused-pyrimidines along with pharmacological and in silico studies. It covers the chemistry and biological activities, as well as the design of novel fused-pyrimidine scaffolds. N-Heterocyclic scaffolds are found in most known drug candidates, and are of interest to medicinal and organic chemists to design, synthesize and evaluate their biological properties. A variety of fused-pyrimidine molecules have been synthesized and extracted from natural resources, and are found to exhibit various biological activities such as antifolates, anticancer agents, analgesics, antimetabolites, CNS active agents and many more. Some of these scaffolds like purines are also known to have involvement in biological processes and are part of the framework of genetic material. This book focuses on the classification, structural chemistry, and chemical and physical properties along with various approaches for their synthesis. This book is ideal for researchers in organic chemistry both in academic and industrial settings, postgraduates in chemistry and medicinal chemistry.

Bio-Based Flame Retardants for Polymeric Materials provides a comprehensive overview of flame retardants derived directly and indirectly from plant sources, drawing on cutting-edge research and covering preparation methods, testing and evaluation techniques, enhanced properties, and end applications. Chapters introduce bio-based materials in the context of additives for flame retardancy, explaining fundamentals and testing methods and analyzing synthetic approaches and the potential advantages of pursuing a bio-based approach. This is followed by detailed coverage of bio-based retardants, with each chapter covering a specific source and guiding the reader systematically through preparation techniques, evaluation methods, properties and applications. Throughout the book, the latest progress in the field is critically reviewed, and there is a continual emphasis on novel approaches to achieve enhanced properties and performant materials. This is an essential guide for all those with an interest in innovative, sustainable flame retardant additives for polymeric materials, including researchers, scientists, advanced students, and more.

Addition, Elimination and Substitution: Markovnikov, Hofmann, Zaitsev and Walden: Discovery and Development discusses foundational reactions in organic chemistry and their major protagonists, contributions to synthesis, and history. Hofmann, Zaitsev, and Markovnikov are introduced, along with their major discoveries and contributions to organic chemistry. The history of controversies around Markovnikov's Rule are addressed. The book introduces Walden's original demonstration of configuration inversion, then discusses bimolecular elimination reactions, regioselective addition reactions, regiospecific alkene synthesis, and the development of modern reactions with configuration inversion. With its unique perspective, focus, and comprehensive coverage, this book belongs on the shelf of every organic chemist.

Practical Application of Supercritical Fluid Chromatography for Pharmaceutical Research and Development provides a valuable "go-to" reference for many difficult-to-solve challenges using pertinent chromatographic theory, first-hand case studies, and examples provided from academic and industry experts. This text also enables professors teaching an analytical instrumental course to introduce and instruct students about one of the most sustainable and powerful separation methods currently available. While the text has broad applicability across industrial sectors, it focuses primarily on application in the pharmaceutical industry. The book is designed to allow readers to align current HPLC/UHPLC capabilities with SFC as an orthogonal tool for project specific methods in the pharmaceutical industry. It highlights where SFC falls on the spectrum of useful chromatographic tools for routine and challenging separative methods. Experienced HPLC users who are interested in developing knowledge in orthogonal separation techniques, as well as newcomers to the field of separation science, will find this text particularly useful. Chapters address where SFC may fit the analytical needs of the pharmaceutical industry and alert the readers as to where the technique will not fit. Readers will gain an understanding of how and where SFC may be applied and adapted more routinely across the pharmaceutical industry as a 'green' way of undertaking separation opportunities and challenges. Areas within the pharmaceutical industry include early drug discovery, process chemistry, and late stage development and manufacturing.

Phytochemistry, Computational Tools and Databases in Drug Discovery presents the state-of-the-art in computational methods and techniques for drug discovery studies from medicinal plants. Various tools and databases for virtual screening and characterization of plant bioactive compounds and their subsequent predictions on biological targets for the discovery of new drugs against specific diseases are presented, along with computational tools for the prediction of the toxic effects of phytochemicals on living systems. The book also provides in-depth insight on the applications of these computational tools as well as the databases that describe the interactions of phytochemicals with diseases along with predictions for druggable bioactive compounds. Useful for drug developers, medicinal chemists, toxicologists, phytochemists, plant biochemists and analytical chemists, this book clearly presents the various computational techniques, tools and databases for phytochemical research.

Natural Polymers in Wound Healing and Repair: From Basic Concepts to Emerging Trends presents comprehensive coverage on the development and application of natural polymers in wound healing and repair, including fundamental concepts, traditional approaches, cutting-edge methods and emerging trends. The application of natural polymers has evolved from their use in the simplest wound management material, to drug eluting matrices, to cell-laden constructs, and to 3D bio-printed skin equivalents. This book reflects the remarkable progress that has been made in recent years in this innovative field. This is an essential resource for researchers, scientists, and advanced students across polymer science, biomaterials, bio-based and sustainable materials, biomedicine, biomedical engineering, pharmaceuticals, and materials science and engineering. It will also be valuable to R&D professionals, scientists, technologists and all those working in a medical setting who are interested in the latest developments in advanced materials for wound management, healing and repair.

Renewable Carbon: Science, Technology and Sustainability identifies production pathways and technologies for the production of chemicals and presents relevant information to bridge the gap between reaction engineering and process design. The book uses a multidisciplinary approach, focusing on important aspects of basic science, technological advantages (and hurdles), and key sustainability aspects. It incorporates organic, inorganic and biochemical synthesis and analyzes the myriad of technologies available, including nanotechnology, biotechnology and thermochemistry. Sections cover the synthesis of carbon derivatives through multiple pathways (Science), technologies available for its generation (Technology), and assess sustainability and new supply chains (Sustainability). This book will serve as a valuable reference for academics, research scientists and industry practitioners in green chemistry, chemical engineering, materials science and environmental engineering.

Radioactivity: History, Science, Vital Uses and Ominous Peril, Third Edition provides an introduction to radioactivity, the building blocks of matter, the fundamental forces in nature, and the role of quarks and force carrier particles. This new edition adds material on the dichotomy between the peaceful applications of radioactivity and the threat to the continued existence of human life from the potential use of more powerful and sophisticated nuclear weapons. The book includes a current review of studies on the probability of nuclear war and treaties, nonproliferation and disarmament, along with historical insights into the achievements of over 100 pioneers and Nobel Laureates. Through multiple worked examples, the book answers many questions for the student, teacher and practitioner as to the origins, properties and practical applications of radioactivity in fields such as medicine, biological and environmental research, industry, safe nuclear power free of greenhouse gases and nuclear fusion. Ratings and Reviews of Previous Editions: CHOICE Magazine, July 2008: "This work provides an overview of the many interesting aspects of the science of radioactive decays, including in-depth chapters that offer reminiscences on the history and important personalities of the field...This book can be useful as supplemental reading or as a reference when developing course material for nuclear physics, nuclear engineering, or health physics lectures. Special attention has been given to a chapter on the role radioactivity plays in everyday life applications...Generally the book is well produced and will be a valuable resource...Many lectures can be lightened up by including material from this work. Summing up: RECOMMENDED. Upper division undergraduates through professionals; technical program students." U. Greife, Colorado School of Mines, USA "I found the biographical accounts of the various stalwarts of Physics inspirational. Most of them, if not all, had to overcome economic hardships or p[ersonal tragedies or had to do their groundbreaking work in the face of tyranny and war. The biographies also highlighted the high standards of moral convictions that the scientists had as they realized the grave implications of some of their work and the potential threats to humanity. This ought to inspire and motivate young men and women aspiring to be physicists. Even people who have been in the field for a while should find your book re-energizing. It certainly had that effect on me." -- Dr. Ramkumar Venkataraman, Canberra Industries, Inc., Meriden, CT, USA Winner of an Honorable Mention in the 2017 PROSE Awards in the category of Chemistry and Physics (https://proseawards.com/winners/2017-award-winners/ )

Natural products in the plant and animal kingdom offer a huge diversity of chemical structures that are the result of biosynthetic processes that have been modulated over the millennia through genetic effects. With the rapid developments in spectroscopic techniques and accompanying advances in high-throughput screening techniques, it has become possible to isolate and then determine the structures and biological activity of natural products rapidly, thus opening up exciting opportunities in the field of new drug development to the pharmaceutical industry. Studies in Natural Products Chemistry covers the synthesis or testing and recording of the medicinal properties of natural products, providing cutting edge accounts of the fascinating developments in the isolation, structure elucidation, synthesis, biosynthesis and pharmacology of a diverse array of bioactive natural products.

Jack Sabin, Scientist and Friend, Volume 85 in the Advances in Quantum Chemistry series, highlights new advances in the field, with chapters in this new release including: Elastic scattering of electrons and positrons from alkali atoms, Dissipative dynamics in many-atom systems, Shape sensitive Raman scattering from Nano-particles, Experience in E-learning and Artificial Intelligence, Structure and Correlation of Charges in a Harmonic Trap, Simulation of Molecular Spectroscopy in Binary Solvents, Approach for Orbital and Total Mean Excitation Energies of Atoms, and A New Generation of Quasiparticle Self-Energies. Additional sections cover: The stopping power of relativistic targets, Density functional methods for extended helical systems, Inspecting nlm-distributions due to charge exchange collisions of bare ions with hydrogen, Long-lived molecular dications: a selected probe for double ionization, and much more.

Biodegradability of Conventional Plastics: Opportunities, Challenges, and Misconceptions brings together innovative research on the biodegradability of conventional plastics, providing an extensive overview of approaches and strategies that may be implemented, while also highlighting other methods for alleviating the eventual environmental impact of plastics. The book begins by providing a lifecycle assessment of plastics, the environmental impact of plastic waste, and the factors that affect the biodegradability of plastics. The different categories and terminologies surrounding bio-based plastics and biodegradable plastics are then defined and explained in detail, as are the issues surrounding bioplastics. Other sections discuss biodegradability, approaches for enhanced biodegradability of various major types of plastics, including polyolefins, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene, poly(vinyl chloride), automotive plastics and composites, and agricultural plastic waste. The final part of the book focuses on further techniques and emerging areas, including the utilization of chemical additives, nanomaterials, the role of microbes in terms of microbial degradation and microbial attaching, revalorization of plastic waste through industrial biotechnology, and future opportunities and challenges.

Sensing of Deadly Toxic Chemical Warfare Agents, Nerve Agent Simulants, and their Toxicological Aspects provides a general overview of the development and performance of different novel molecular frameworks as potent vehicles for sensing Chemical Weapons (CWs). The chapters are contributed by leading researchers in the areas of materials science, medical science, chemical science, and nanotechnology from industries, academics, government and private research institutions across the globe. It covers cover topics such as inorganic nanocomposites, hyperbranched polymers, and graphene heterojunctions for effective sensing of CW agents. This book is a highly valuable reference source for graduates, post-graduates, and research scholars primarily in the fields of materials science, medicinal chemistry, organic chemistry, and nanoscience and nanotechnology. In addition, almost all analytical techniques will be discussed, making this a first-rate reference for professors, students, and scientists in many industries.

Virtual Screening and Drug Docking, Volume 59 in the Annual Reports on Medicinal Chemistry series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on a variety of timely topics, including Can docking scoring functions guarantee success in virtual screening?, No dance, no partner! A tale of flexibility in docking and virtual screening, Handling Imbalance Data in Virtual Screening, Rational computational approaches to predict novel drug candidates against leishmaniasis, Virtual screening against Mtb DNA gyrase: Applications and success stories, Using Filters in Virtual Screening: A Brief Guide to Minimize Errors and Maximize Efficiency, and more. Additional chapters in the new release include Machine Learning and Deep Learning Strategies for Virtual Screening, Applications of the Virtual Screening to find the novel HIV-1 therapeutic agents, and Large-scale screening of small molecules with docking strategies and its impact on drug discovery.

Advances in Physical Organic Chemistry, Volume 56 presents the latest reviews of recent work in physical organic chemistry. The book provides a valuable source of information that is ideal not only for physical organic chemists applying their expertise to both novel and traditional problems, but also for non-specialists across diverse areas who identify a physical organic component in their approach to research. Chapters due to be included in this release cover flavin-dependent enzyme catalysed reactions, coacervates and their properties, heavy atom tunnelling, machine learning, acidity and substituent effects.

Medicinal Chemistry of Tick-Borne Encephalitis, Volume 58 in the Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry serial, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on the Discovery of small molecule TBEV antivirals, Perylene as a controversial antiviral scaffold, Animal models of TBEV infection for preclinical studies of drugs and vaccines, Insights from experience in the treatment of tick-borne bacterial co-infections with tick-borne encephalitis, Small molecule-based inhibitors of flaviviral RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase: prospective candidates for treatment of tick-borne encephalitis virus infection, and Structural Biology and Proteomics of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus.

Polymeric Materials in Corrosion Inhibition: Fundamentals and Applications brings together the very latest information and techniques in the preparation and application of a broad range of polymeric materials as corrosion inhibitors in diverse corrosive environments. Sections introduce the fundamentals of polymeric materials, corrosion and corrosion inhibitors and include methodical coverage of polymers as corrosion inhibitors, with separate sections for natural and synthetic polymers. Each chapter guides the reader through the synthesis, properties and application of a specific polymer for corrosion inhibition, including an analysis of advantages and disadvantages and guidance on methods for improved performance. Final chapter cover other important aspects and developments, including adsorption mechanisms, quantum chemical calculations, molecular dynamics and simulations. This is a valuable reference for researchers and advanced students across a range of disciplines, including polymer science, corrosion, electrochemistry, materials science, chemical engineering, and petroleum engineering.

Annual Reports on NMR Spectroscopy, Volume 107, the latest release in a series that has established itself as a premier resource for both specialists and non-specialists interested in new techniques and applications pertaining to NMR spectroscopy, includes a variety of updated chapters covering NMR Diffusion Studies, Recent Advances in Understanding of Nucleus Contributions to NMR Nuclear Shieldings, and more.

Mass Transport in Magmatic Systems describes the properties and processes of these natural occurrences, including a description and discussions of how properties can be used for quantitative description of mass and energy transport on, and in, Earth and terrestrial planets. As the experimentally obtained chemical and physical properties of magma is scattered across literature, this book provides a comprehensive volume on the topic. Moreover, links between properties and processes are rarely appreciated. This makes it challenging for a non-experimentalist to access, evaluate, and apply such data.

Computer-Aided Drug Design (CADD): From Ligand-Based Methods to Structure-Based Approaches outlines the basic theoretical principles, methodologies and applications of different fundamental and advanced CADD approaches and techniques. Including information on current protocols as well as recent developments in the computational methods, tools and techniques used for rational drug design, the book explains the fundamental aspects of CADD, combining this with a practical understanding of the various in silico approaches used in modern drug discovery processes to assess the field in a comprehensive and systematic manner. Providing up-to-date, information and guidance for scientists, researchers, students and teachers, the book helps readers address specific academic and research related problems using illustrative explanations, examples and case studies, which are systematically reviewed.