Developed for the new International A Level specification, these new resources are specifically designed for international students, with a strong focus on progression, recognition and transferable skills, allowing learning in a local context to a global standard. Recognised by universities worldwide and fully comparable to UK reformed GCE A levels. Supports a modular approach, in line with the specification. Appropriate international content puts learning in a real-world context, to a global standard, making it engaging and relevant for all learners. Reviewed by a language specialist to ensure materials are written in a clear and accessible style. The embedded transferable skills, needed for progression to higher education and employment, are signposted so students understand what skills they are developing and therefore go on to use these skills more effectively in the future. Exam practice provides opportunities to assess understanding and progress, so students can make the best progress they can.

This ACS Symposium Series book evolved from the ACS symposium "Food Additives and Packaging" sponsored by the Division of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (AGFD) at the 245th ACS National Meeting & Exposition in New Orleans, LA, April 7-11, 2013. The book helps readers understand the rules and regulations governing the use of food additives and food packaging materials in the U.S. and globally. Furthermore, the book investigates novel materials and applications related to food additives and food packaging materials and explores concerns, issues, and current events in the field. The book particularly highlights global regulations, research, development, applications, and evaluation of food additives and food packaging materials. These areas are dynamic, constantly changing, and expected to attract the interest of a broad and diverse readership. Part I of this book highlights how food additives and packaging materials are classified and regulated in different parts of the world and addresses some of the scientific, legal, and practical issues related to these regulations from the perspective representatives. It contains monographs on general aspects of regulatory processes in various countries (U.S., EU, Thailand and Japan) and specific aspects, such as GRAS substances, color additives, enzymes, flavorings, safety assessments, and the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). Part II presents some current topics related to the research, development, applications, and evaluation of food additives and food packaging materials, with monographs on applying regulatory knowledge for packaging compliance and evaluating food packaging for pre-packaged irradiated food, and on various emerging technologies, such as a control release packaging system and high pressure processing that can improve the appearance, texture, taste, or shelf-life of food; it also includes monographs that discuss other aspects, such as bisphenol A, PET packaging materials, nanomaterials, and biomaterials.

The interactions of microbes with surfaces are important to many natural and engineered processes, affecting a wide range of applications from decontamination of surfaces or drinking water, prevention of microbial colonization of biomaterials, and bacterial processes in the environment. Therefore, there is great interest in understanding the fundamental behavior of microbes at surfaces. Topics are included that address interactions of cells with a number of surfaces for antifouling and microbial cell-based sensor applications; mechanistic studies of antimicrobial peptides and quorum sensing; exploration of experimental and theoretical models of a cell surface; cell surface display of peptides and enzymes as biofabrication techniques; the fate and transport of bacteria in the natural environment, as well as new experimental tools or modeling techniques to study interactions at the microbial surface.
While most of the papers are geared towards a specific application, they all contain fundamental information regarding bacterial behavior at interfaces that allows their contents to translate to other problems, as well. For example, many parallels are noted between the way bacteria interact with proteins-coated polymers on a catheter and bacterial-peptide interactions in a cellular detection assay. An overlying theme of all the manuscripts is that they represent studies of microbial interfaces using the most sophisticated experimental and modeling tools available, and many feature interdisciplinary approaches to tackling the given problems.

"Calculations in AS and A Level Chemistry fills a gap in the market and provides excellent coverage of the calculations needed at A Level. Chapters are clearly laid out, with plenty of worked examples, and there are helpful notes throughout." The Times Educational Supplement, April 2001. Suitable for use with all AS and A Level specifications, it helps students to understand mathematical concepts specific to AS and A Level Chemistry. Assumes only a basic knowledge of GCSE Chemistry to help bridge the gap between GCSE and AS/A Level. Ideal as a self-study text to build students' knowledge and competence in completing calculations. Uses simple language to clearly explain the basic principles. Guides students through each exercise with help and hint boxes as they gradually progress through the text. Covers variants of each type of calculation.

The volume begins with an overview of POGIL and a discussion of the science education reform context in which it was developed. Next, cognitive models that serve as the basis for POGIL are presented, including Johnstone's Information Processing Model and a novel extension of it.
Adoption, facilitation and implementation of POGIL are addressed next. Faculty who have made the transformation from a traditional approach to a POGIL student-centered approach discuss their motivations and implementation processes. Issues related to implementing POGIL in large classes are discussed and possible solutions are provided. Behaviors of a quality facilitator are presented and steps to create a facilitation plan are outlined.
Succeeding chapters describe how POGIL has been successfully implemented in diverse academic settings, including high school and college classrooms, with both science and non-science majors. The challenges for implementation of POGIL are presented, classroom practice is described, and topic selection is addressed. Successful POGIL instruction can incorporate a variety of instructional techniques. Tablet PC's have been used in a POGIL classroom to allow extensive communication between students and instructor. In a POGIL laboratory section, students work in groups to carry out experiments rather than merely verifying previously taught principles.
Instructors need to know if students are benefiting from POGIL practices. In the final chapters, assessment of student performance is discussed. The concept of a feedback loop, which can consist of self-analysis, student and peer assessments, and input from other instructors, and its importance in assessment is detailed. Datais provided on POGIL instruction in organic and general chemistry courses at several institutions. POGIL is shown to reduce attrition, improve student learning, and enhance process skills.

Nanoscience and nanotechnology have functioned as effective "buzzwords " for at least a decade due to the unique properties that materials possess on the nanometer scale. The interest in nanoscience and nanotechnology is so great and so widespread that these topics are even being introduced at the K-12 level in some school districts. Nanoscience and nanotechnology have already improved many applications and have the potential to continue to do so, making it important for all types of scientists to stay up-to-date on research related to nanomaterials. In the first section of this book, a variety of synthetic methods used to make or functionalize nanomaterials are presented with work related to mesoporous materials, semiconductor nanowires, graphene, and carbon nanotubes included. The second section of the book presents accounts of using nanotechnology and nanoscience in a variety of ways. Overall, this book presents a snapshot of research covering synthetic studies of nanomaterials to applications of nanomaterials.

The purpose of this book is to provide an update on some of the latest research and applications in the broad field of ionic liquids. This volume spans research and development activities ranging from fundamental and experimental investigations to commercial applications. A brief history of the field is included, as well as both new developments and reviews organized in the general topical areas of applications, materials, biomass processing, and fundamental studies. This book attempts to propel the field forward by bringing together contributions from some of the foremost researchers on ionic liquids. Recent products and new large-scale processes using ionic liquids, both in operation and being announced, indicate that an exciting new chapter in this field is about to begin. The authors summarize some of the history, applications, conferences, books, databases, issues related to data quality and toxicity for researchers working in the field of ionic liquids and includes an overview for each proceeding chapter with an introduction about the authors.

Beverages derived from fruits and vegetables are a rich source of vitamin C, carotenoids, phenolics and polyphenolics as well as other bioactives. The bioactives in nutraceutical beverages may act synergistically with one another and their effect may be amplified through fortification, cultivating practices, or biotechnological means. This book discusses factors in the formulation, chemistry, nutrition, and health effects of nutraceutical beverages.

Energy, water, affordable healthcare and global warming are four major concerns resulting from resource depletion, record high oil prices, clean water shortages, high costs of pharmaceuticals, and changing climate conditions. Among many potential solutions, advance in membrane technology is one of the most direct, effective and feasible approaches to solve these sophisticated issues. This membrane book presents cutting-edge membrane research and development for water reuse and desalination, energy development including biofuels, CO2 capture, pharmaceutical purification and separation, and biomedical applications.

Chiral molecules are ubiquitous in nature. Thus, it is not surprising to come across this phenomenon in the world of flavor substances. This book provides an overview on the analytical procedures currently applied to analyze chiral flavor substances at trace levels. It demonstrates several examples for the application of these techniques to determine naturally occurring enantiomeric compositions of chiral key flavor compounds in various natural systems. In addition to the analytical aspects, the contributions focus on the sensory properties of enantiomers and enlarge our knowledge on the correlation between configurations and odor properties and intensities of chiral flavor compounds. The practical importance of the topic is reflected by a discussion of merits and limitations of chiral analysis for the authenticity control of food flavorings. In addition, examples for the use of enzymes and microorganisms to obtain enantiopure flavor substances and thus to meet legal requirements for "natural" labeling are presented. Finally, the book covers aspects recently getting more and more in the focus of flavor science: What are the physiological mechanisms underlying the perception of sensory properties and does chirality matter in that respect?

The AQA A level Lab Books support students in completing the A level Practical requirements. This lab book includes: All the instructions students need to perform the required practicals, consistent with AQA's requirements and CPAC skills Writing frames for students to record their results and reflect on their work Questions that allow students to consolidate learning and develop reflective skills in their practical work Apparatus and Techniques (AT) skills self-assessment, so that students can track their progress covering AT practical requirements a full set of answers at the back. This lab book is designed to help students to: Structure their A level lab work to ensure that they cover the required Practical assessment criteria Track their progress in the development of A level practical skills Create a record of all of the practical work they will have completed, in preparation for revision.

The field of quantum chemistry has grown so immensely that the importance of some of the earliest work and the earliest pioneers of quantum chemistry is unfamiliar to many of today's youngest scientists in the field. Thus, this book is an attempt to preserve some of the very valuable, early history of quantum chemistry, providing the reader with not only a perspective of the science, but a perspective of the early pioneers themselves, some of whom were quite interesting characters. The symposium on which this book is based came about because one of the co-editors (ETS) came to a conviction that the contributions such as those by George Wheland to quantum chemistry and Otto Schmidt to free electron theory should be better appreciated and known. He organized a symposium in which quantum chemistry pioneers, both those celebrated by everyone and those seemingly overlooked by posterity, would be recognized. While this volume is certainly not a history of quantum chemistry, it does cover many highlights over a period of about sixty years. This volume consists of chapters based upon ten of the presentations at the symposium "Pioneers of Quantum Chemistry" held March 28, 2011, at the 241st ACS National Meeting in Anaheim, CA.

Chemistry is intimately involved in the development of the oldest known civilizations, resulting in a range of chemical technologies that not only continue to be part of modern civilized societies, but are so commonplace that it would be hard to imagine life without them. Such chemical technology has a very long and rich history, in some cases dating back to as early as 20,000 BCE. Chemistry Technology in Antiquity aims to present the discovery, development, and early history of a range of such chemical technologies, with the added goal of including a number of smaller subjects often ignored in the presentation of early chemical technology. While the book does not aim to be a comprehensive coverage of the full range of chemical technologies practiced during antiquity, it provides a feel and appreciation for both the deep history involved with these topics, as well as the complexity of the chemical processes that were being utilized at such a very early time period.

Our revision resources are the smart choice for those revising for AQA AS/A Level Chemistry. This book will help you to: * Consolidate your revision with topic- and exam-based formats * Check your understanding with worked examples * Build your confidence with Grade boosters and guided questions * Avoid common misconceptions and pitfalls with helpful tips throughout * Develop your exam technique with exam-style questions and answers. (Full worked solutions available online.)

Increased energy prices and the growing attention on global warming are motivating the creation of economically viable alternatives to fossil fuels. Nanotechnologies have been recognized as one effective approach to solve energy problems. Therefore, to promote the improvement of research and to foster professional collaboration among researchers in energy-related nanotechnologies, we organized a symposium on "Nanotechnology for a Sustainable Energy Economy" as a part of the 243rd American Chemical Society National Meeting, which took place March 25-29, 2012 in San Diego, California, USA. Forty-four contributors from 12 countries presented their research works from industrial, university, and national laboratories in nanotechnology areas related to energy and fuel technologies. This ACS Symposium Series book was developed from this symposium. This book presents a very useful and readable collection of reviews and research papers in nanotechnologies for energy conversion, storage, and utilization, offering new results which are sure to be of interest to researchers, students, and engineers in the field of nanotechnologies and energy. The book focuses on the following topics: Li batteries (Chapters 1-4), supercapacitors (Chapter 5), dye-sensitized solar cells (Chapter 6), photocatalysis (Chapters 7-9), fuel cells (Chapter 10), electrocatalysis (Chapter 11), and electron beam lithography (Chapter 12). All 12 chapters were recruited from oral presentations at the symposium.

Climate change is a major challenge facing modern society. The chemistry of air and its influence on the climate system forms the main focus of this book. Vol. 2 of Chemistry of the Climate System takes a problem-based approach to presenting global atmospheric processes, evaluating the effects of changing air compositions as well as possibilities for interference with these processes through the use of chemistry.

Archaeologists, historians, chemists, and physicists have employed a variety of chemical and physical approaches to study artifacts and historical objects since at least the late 18th century. During the past 50 years, the chemistry of archaeological materials has increasingly been used to address a broad spectrum of anthropological topics, including preservation, dating, nativity, exchange, provenance, and manufacturing technology. This book brings together 28 papers that address how various analytical techniques can be used to address specific archaeological questions. Chemists, archaeologists, geologists, graduate students, and others in related disciplines who are investigating the use of archaeometric techniques will find this book of interest.

The conditions of our overpopulated planet with ever-growing energy needs, fossil fuels in limited supplies, and inefficient energy use world-wide, are creating a global crisis. Science has a responsibility, as well as a grand opportunity, to solve these energy-based problems of society. Science's new nanotechnologies, and the creativity they bring, are particularly appropriate to solve these problems. For example, energy-saving lighting, coupled with improved harvesting and conversion of sunlight into electric energy, will have a great impact on society's energy needs. Also, development of energy efficient and low cost fuel cells, which could eventually replace car engines, has a potential to improve everyday life greatly. Nanomaterials offer an opportunity to develop new low-cost materials as environmentally friendly solutions and renewable energy sources, in order to meet society's energy needs. Fortunately, a wide spectrum of the scientific community has become interested in developing these nanomaterials in order to solve the above energy challenges. Nanomaterials offer unique mechanical, catalytic, electronic, and optical features, which are different from those of the analogous bulk material (1). This is because nanomaterials have scale-dependent properties, due to quantum size effects, which means the nanomaterial size (10 - 100 nm) is smaller than the mean free path of their electrons. Thus, nanomaterials have great promise for use in harvesting solar energy, hydrogen production and storage, fuel cells, catalysis, chemical, optical sensors, drug delivery systems (such as liposomes), and nanothermite reactions (2-4). Fluorine-containing nanomaterials generally have certain unique properties which are often improved relative to the analogous non-fluorinated nanomaterials, and which therefore could be engineered. Although fluorine has the highest electronegativity of all the elements, which means that bonds to fluorine are generally quite polar, it is also in the second period of the periodic table, so it also has a small atomic radius and forms strong bonds. This produces the following properties, which also are characteristic of and bring great advantages to fluorine nanomaterials: high thermal and chemical stability, resistance to degradation by solvents, low flammability, low moisture absorption, low surface tension or energy, low dielectric constant, and serving as a strong oxidant under high energy conditions (5). However, little attention has been given to fluorine-containing organic and inorganic nanomaterials, which are predicted to have these unusual characteristics. This book presents examples of four diverse classes of these nanomaterials.

The Edexcel A level Lab Books support students in completing the A level Core Practical requirements. This lab book includes: all the instructions students need to perform the Core Practicals, consistent with our A level online teaching resources writing frames for students to record their results and reflect on their work CPAC Skills Checklists, so that students can track the practical skills they have learned, in preparation for their exams practical skills practice questions a full set of answers. This lab book is designed to help students to: structure their A level lab work to ensure that they cover the Core Practical assessment criteria track their progress in the development of A level practical skills create a record of all of the Core Practical work they will have completed, in preparation for revision.