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Books > Science & Mathematics > Chemistry
The field of quantum chemistry has grown so immensely that the
importance of some of the earliest work and the earliest pioneers
of quantum chemistry is unfamiliar to many of today's youngest
scientists in the field. Thus, this book is an attempt to preserve
some of the very valuable, early history of quantum chemistry,
providing the reader with not only a perspective of the science,
but a perspective of the early pioneers themselves, some of whom
were quite interesting characters. The symposium on which this book
is based came about because one of the co-editors (ETS) came to a
conviction that the contributions such as those by George Wheland
to quantum chemistry and Otto Schmidt to free electron theory
should be better appreciated and known. He organized a symposium in
which quantum chemistry pioneers, both those celebrated by everyone
and those seemingly overlooked by posterity, would be recognized.
While this volume is certainly not a history of quantum chemistry,
it does cover many highlights over a period of about sixty years.
This volume consists of chapters based upon ten of the
presentations at the symposium "Pioneers of Quantum Chemistry" held
March 28, 2011, at the 241st ACS National Meeting in Anaheim, CA.
Chemistry is intimately involved in the development of the oldest
known civilizations, resulting in a range of chemical technologies
that not only continue to be part of modern civilized societies,
but are so commonplace that it would be hard to imagine life
without them. Such chemical technology has a very long and rich
history, in some cases dating back to as early as 20,000 BCE.
Chemistry Technology in Antiquity aims to present the discovery,
development, and early history of a range of such chemical
technologies, with the added goal of including a number of smaller
subjects often ignored in the presentation of early chemical
technology. While the book does not aim to be a comprehensive
coverage of the full range of chemical technologies practiced
during antiquity, it provides a feel and appreciation for both the
deep history involved with these topics, as well as the complexity
of the chemical processes that were being utilized at such a very
early time period.
Our revision resources are the smart choice for those revising for
AQA AS/A Level Chemistry. This book will help you to: * Consolidate
your revision with topic- and exam-based formats * Check your
understanding with worked examples * Build your confidence with
Grade boosters and guided questions * Avoid common misconceptions
and pitfalls with helpful tips throughout * Develop your exam
technique with exam-style questions and answers. (Full worked
solutions available online.)
Increased energy prices and the growing attention on global warming
are motivating the creation of economically viable alternatives to
fossil fuels. Nanotechnologies have been recognized as one
effective approach to solve energy problems. Therefore, to promote
the improvement of research and to foster professional
collaboration among researchers in energy-related nanotechnologies,
we organized a symposium on "Nanotechnology for a Sustainable
Energy Economy" as a part of the 243rd American Chemical Society
National Meeting, which took place March 25-29, 2012 in San Diego,
California, USA. Forty-four contributors from 12 countries
presented their research works from industrial, university, and
national laboratories in nanotechnology areas related to energy and
fuel technologies. This ACS Symposium Series book was developed
from this symposium. This book presents a very useful and readable
collection of reviews and research papers in nanotechnologies for
energy conversion, storage, and utilization, offering new results
which are sure to be of interest to researchers, students, and
engineers in the field of nanotechnologies and energy. The book
focuses on the following topics: Li batteries (Chapters 1-4),
supercapacitors (Chapter 5), dye-sensitized solar cells (Chapter
6), photocatalysis (Chapters 7-9), fuel cells (Chapter 10),
electrocatalysis (Chapter 11), and electron beam lithography
(Chapter 12). All 12 chapters were recruited from oral
presentations at the symposium.
Developed for the new International A Level specification, these
new resources are specifically designed for international students,
with a strong focus on progression, recognition and transferable
skills, allowing learning in a local context to a global standard.
Recognised by universities worldwide and fully comparable to UK
reformed GCE A levels. Supports a modular approach, in line with
the specification. Appropriate international content puts learning
in a real-world context, to a global standard, making it engaging
and relevant for all learners. Reviewed by a language specialist to
ensure materials are written in a clear and accessible style. The
embedded transferable skills, needed for progression to higher
education and employment, are signposted so students understand
what skills they are developing and therefore go on to use these
skills more effectively in the future. Exam practice provides
opportunities to assess understanding and progress, so students can
make the best progress they can.
Climate change is a major challenge facing modern society. The
chemistry of air and its influence on the climate system forms the
main focus of this book. Vol. 2 of Chemistry of the Climate System
takes a problem-based approach to presenting global atmospheric
processes, evaluating the effects of changing air compositions as
well as possibilities for interference with these processes through
the use of chemistry.
Archaeologists, historians, chemists, and physicists have employed
a variety of chemical and physical approaches to study artifacts
and historical objects since at least the late 18th century. During
the past 50 years, the chemistry of archaeological materials has
increasingly been used to address a broad spectrum of
anthropological topics, including preservation, dating, nativity,
exchange, provenance, and manufacturing technology. This book
brings together 28 papers that address how various analytical
techniques can be used to address specific archaeological
questions. Chemists, archaeologists, geologists, graduate students,
and others in related disciplines who are investigating the use of
archaeometric techniques will find this book of interest.
The AQA A level Lab Books support students in completing the A
level Practical requirements. This lab book includes: All the
instructions students need to perform the required practicals,
consistent with AQA's requirements and CPAC skills Writing frames
for students to record their results and reflect on their work
Questions that allow students to consolidate learning and develop
reflective skills in their practical work Apparatus and Techniques
(AT) skills self-assessment, so that students can track their
progress covering AT practical requirements a full set of answers
at the back. This lab book is designed to help students to:
Structure their A level lab work to ensure that they cover the
required Practical assessment criteria Track their progress in the
development of A level practical skills Create a record of all of
the practical work they will have completed, in preparation for
revision.
Gemstones have been a source of fascination for Millenia, from the
icy brilliance of diamond and the soft iridescence of pearl, to the
deep red garnets treasured by ancient Egyptians and Victorians
alike. They are used for their natural beauty in jewellery, worn
for protection as talismans, associated with romance and power.
They are also of scientific importance, forming over billions of
years and containing secrets to the inner earth. This book examines
the world's most commonly encountered gemstones, exploring their
unique beauty, rarity, and durability. It reveals how these gem
materials formed, where they are mined, how they are identified by
their physical and optical properties, their enhancements and
imitations. Travelling through each gem's history and use in
adornment, it is filled with fascinating facts for the curious to
the professional. With sumptuous colour photographs, Gemstones is a
dazzling insight into the world of the rare and valuable.
The conditions of our overpopulated planet with ever-growing energy
needs, fossil fuels in limited supplies, and inefficient energy use
world-wide, are creating a global crisis. Science has a
responsibility, as well as a grand opportunity, to solve these
energy-based problems of society. Science's new nanotechnologies,
and the creativity they bring, are particularly appropriate to
solve these problems. For example, energy-saving lighting, coupled
with improved harvesting and conversion of sunlight into electric
energy, will have a great impact on society's energy needs. Also,
development of energy efficient and low cost fuel cells, which
could eventually replace car engines, has a potential to improve
everyday life greatly. Nanomaterials offer an opportunity to
develop new low-cost materials as environmentally friendly
solutions and renewable energy sources, in order to meet society's
energy needs. Fortunately, a wide spectrum of the scientific
community has become interested in developing these nanomaterials
in order to solve the above energy challenges. Nanomaterials offer
unique mechanical, catalytic, electronic, and optical features,
which are different from those of the analogous bulk material (1).
This is because nanomaterials have scale-dependent properties, due
to quantum size effects, which means the nanomaterial size (10 -
100 nm) is smaller than the mean free path of their electrons.
Thus, nanomaterials have great promise for use in harvesting solar
energy, hydrogen production and storage, fuel cells, catalysis,
chemical, optical sensors, drug delivery systems (such as
liposomes), and nanothermite reactions (2-4). Fluorine-containing
nanomaterials generally have certain unique properties which are
often improved relative to the analogous non-fluorinated
nanomaterials, and which therefore could be engineered. Although
fluorine has the highest electronegativity of all the elements,
which means that bonds to fluorine are generally quite polar, it is
also in the second period of the periodic table, so it also has a
small atomic radius and forms strong bonds. This produces the
following properties, which also are characteristic of and bring
great advantages to fluorine nanomaterials: high thermal and
chemical stability, resistance to degradation by solvents, low
flammability, low moisture absorption, low surface tension or
energy, low dielectric constant, and serving as a strong oxidant
under high energy conditions (5). However, little attention has
been given to fluorine-containing organic and inorganic
nanomaterials, which are predicted to have these unusual
characteristics. This book presents examples of four diverse
classes of these nanomaterials.
"Calculations in AS and A Level Chemistry fills a gap in the market
and provides excellent coverage of the calculations needed at A
Level. Chapters are clearly laid out, with plenty of worked
examples, and there are helpful notes throughout." The Times
Educational Supplement, April 2001. Suitable for use with all AS
and A Level specifications, it helps students to understand
mathematical concepts specific to AS and A Level Chemistry. Assumes
only a basic knowledge of GCSE Chemistry to help bridge the gap
between GCSE and AS/A Level. Ideal as a self-study text to build
students' knowledge and competence in completing calculations. Uses
simple language to clearly explain the basic principles. Guides
students through each exercise with help and hint boxes as they
gradually progress through the text. Covers variants of each type
of calculation.
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