The book gives an overview of the current state-of-the-art concerning the activation and dissolution of cellulose in a broad variety of solvents. Research on this topic can lead to new pathways for the utilization of the most abundant terrestrial biomolecule and may therefore be the basis for new green strategies towards advanced materials. Leading scientists in the field show different conceptions for the solubilization of cellulose. The long history and groundbreaking developments in the field of polymer chemistry, which are related to this subject, have lead to timely alternatives to already established methods. In addition to discussing attempts for the optimization of known dissolving procedures, this book also details new solvent systems. New solvents include inorganic and organic salt melts (ionic liquids), new aqueous media, multi-component organic solvents and the dissolution under partial derivatization of the polysaccharide. The opportunities and the limitations of the solvents are demonstrated, with a particular emphasis on the stability of the solutions and a possible recycling of the solvent components.
This book illustrates that the new procedures for cellulose dissolution can lead to a huge number of unconventional superstructures of regenerated cellulose material, such as fibers and polymer layers with a thickness in the nanometer range or aerogels, i.e. regenerates with a highly porous character and a large surface. Moreover, cellulose blends can be generated via solutions. The book also contains chapters that show the amazing potential of solvents for defined modification reactions on the cellulose backbone. On one hand, it is possible to synthesize known cellulose derivatives with new substitution patterns both on the basis of the repeating unit and along the polymer chain. On the other hand, completely new derivatives are presented which are hardly accessible via heterogeneous reactions. Consequently, the book is intended to give a comprehensive overview of procedures for dissolution of cellulose. It is of interest for scientists new in the field but is also a timely summary of trends for experts who are looking for new approaches for problems related to cellulose shaping or chemical modification.

"Calculations in AS and A Level Chemistry fills a gap in the market and provides excellent coverage of the calculations needed at A Level. Chapters are clearly laid out, with plenty of worked examples, and there are helpful notes throughout." The Times Educational Supplement, April 2001. Suitable for use with all AS and A Level specifications, it helps students to understand mathematical concepts specific to AS and A Level Chemistry. Assumes only a basic knowledge of GCSE Chemistry to help bridge the gap between GCSE and AS/A Level. Ideal as a self-study text to build students' knowledge and competence in completing calculations. Uses simple language to clearly explain the basic principles. Guides students through each exercise with help and hint boxes as they gradually progress through the text. Covers variants of each type of calculation.

One of the great challenges of the 21st century is that of sustainability. This book aims to provide examples of sustainability in a wide variety of chemical contexts, in hope of laying the groundwork for cross-divisional work that might be possible in the future to address the important issue of sustainability. In doing so, the editors look at both the questions chemistry is asking right now related to sustainability as well as the questions chemistry SHOULD be asking about sustainability. The world is facing interrelated global challenges of energy, food, water, and human health. Solving these daunting challenges will require global systems thinking and proactive local action. No ONE company, academic institution, non-profit or government agency can accomplish this task alone, but it starts with education at all levels. This book addresses the need for better chemical education on the subject of sustainability.

Exam Board: Edexcel Level: A level Subject: Science / Chemistry First teaching: September 2015 First exams: June 2017 Revise smart and save! Our Revision Workbooks are designed to help students develop vital skills throughout the course in preparation for the exam with: One-to-one page match with the Edexcel AS/A level Chemistry Revision Guide so you can find the practice you need quickly and easily Skills building pages and practice questions in the style of the new exams Guided support and hints providing additional scaffolding, helping you avoid common pitfalls Full set of practice papers written to match the new specification exactly

More than four decades have passed since surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was discovered. In today's world SERS has been established as a plasmon-based spectroscopy with ultra-high sensitivity and versatility at the forefront of the developments in plasmonics. SERS has been developing with the advances in nanoscience and nanotechnology. The "SERS world" has grown up markedly for the last 20 years or so, and recently the wider concept of, plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy was born. Plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy contains not only SERS but also tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS), surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA), surface-enhanced fluorescence (SEF), and more. Through these novel spectroscopies various amazing properties of plasmons have become known, providing new exciting research fields. One of the main purposes of the book is to convey the enthusiastic discussion on plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy at the symposium to the scientific community. This book reports leading-edge advances in the theory of plasmonic enhancement and application of plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy to biology, chemistry, physics, materials science, and medicine. Many books have been published about SERS, but this may be the first time that a book on a wide area of plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy has ever been published. The book consists of two volumes; the second volume discusses TERS, SEIRA, and other topics related to plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy.

This series deals with important issues in stereochemistry, which is the three-dimensional spatial orientation of molecules, also called the chirality (or handedness) of molecules. Topics in Stereochemistry, previously edited by "the father of stereochemistry" Ernest L. Eliel, is a longstanding, successful series covering the most important advances in the field. The much-anticipated Volume 26 on stereochemical aspects of organolithium compounds includes chapters on Asymmetric Deprotonations Using Chiral Lithium Amide Bases, Self-Regeneration of Stereocenters (SRS) via Stereolabile Axially Chiral Intermediates, and more.

Exam Board: Edexcel Level: A level Subject: Science / Chemistry First teaching: September 2015 First exams: June 2017 Revise smart and save! Designed for hassle-free classroom and independent study, our Revision Guides are designed to complement the Student Books with a range of specially designed features such as: One-topic-per-page format Worked examples with exemplar answers 'Now Try This' practice questions Knowledge checks and skills checks Includes FREE online edition! With a one-to-one page correspondence between this Revision Guide and the companion Edexcel AS/A level Chemistry Revision Workbook, the hugely popular REVISE series offers the best value available for A level students.

Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

The tenth edition of Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change maintains its standard-setting position among general chemistry textbooks by evolving further to meet the needs of professor and student. The text still contains the most accurate molecular illustrations, consistent step-by-step worked problems, and an extensive collection of end-of-chapter problems. And changes throughout this edition make the text more readable and succinct, the artwork more teachable and modern, and the design more focused and inviting. The three hallmarks that have made this text a market leader are now demonstrated in its pages more clearly than ever. The text is strengthened by its offering in ALEKS, now featuring Custom Question Authoring, Video Assignments, Virtual Labs, and more!

This comprehensive handbook and ready reference details all the main achievements in the field of perovskite-based and related mixed-oxide materials. The authors discuss, in an unbiased manner, the potentials as well as the challenges related to their use, thus offering new perspectives for research and development on both an academic and industrial level. The first volume begins by summarizing the different synthesis routes from molten salts at high temperatures to colloidal crystal template methods, before going on to focus on the physical properties of the resulting materials and their related applications in the fields of electronics, energy harvesting, and storage as well as electromechanics and superconductivity. The second volume is dedicated to the catalytic applications of perovskites and related mixed oxides, including, but not limited to total oxidation of hydrocarbons, dry reforming of methane and denitrogenation. The concluding section deals with the development of chemical reactors and novel perovskite-based applications, such as fuel cells and high-performance ceramic membranes. Throughout, the contributions clearly point out the intimate links between structure, properties and applications of these materials, making this an invaluable tool for materials scientists and for catalytic and physical chemists.

Engel and Reid's Physical Chemistry gives students a contemporary and accurate overview of physical chemistry while focusing on basic principles that unite the sub-disciplines of the field. The Third Edition continues to emphasize fundamental concepts and presents cutting-edge research developments that demonstrate the vibrancy of physical chemistry today.

The eleventh edition of General, Organic, and Biochemistry offers a problem-solving approach and is designed to help undergraduate majors in health-related fields understand key concepts and appreciate significant connections among chemistry, health, and the treatment of disease. This new edition is available in ALEKS, featuring: * ALEKS Topics to assign as pre-requisite assignments to boost student confidence and help those lacking math skills. * End-of-Chapter Questions aligned to the text for homework, test, and quiz assignments. * Virtual Labs to be used as pre-lab prep assignments, or lab replacement. * Video Assignments that break down key concepts and show step-by-step solutions. * The ALEKS Drawing Tool, an easy-to-learn tool that mirrors the drawing action of pencil & paper and supports Fischer and Haworth Projections.

More than four decades have passed since surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was discovered. In today's world SERS has been established as a plasmon-based spectroscopy with ultra-high sensitivity and versatility at the forefront of the developments in plasmonics. SERS has been developing with the advances in nanoscience and nanotechnology. The "SERS world" has grown up markedly for the last 20 years or so, and recently the wider concept of, plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy was born. Plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy contains not only SERS but also tip-enhanced Raman scattering (TERS), surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA), surface-enhanced fluorescence (SEF), and more. Through these novel spectroscopies various amazing properties of plasmons have become known, providing new exciting research fields. One of the main purposes of the book is to convey the enthusiastic discussion on plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy at the symposium to the scientific community. This book reports leading-edge advances in the theory of plasmonic enhancement and application of plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy to biology, chemistry, physics, materials science, and medicine. Many books have been published about SERS, but this may be the first time that a book on a wide area of plasmon-enhanced spectroscopy has ever been published. The book consists of two volumes; the first volume contains the introductory review by George Schatz followed by eight chapters, which are mainly concerned with SERS.

Gemstones have been a source of fascination for Millenia, from the icy brilliance of diamond and the soft iridescence of pearl, to the deep red garnets treasured by ancient Egyptians and Victorians alike. They are used for their natural beauty in jewellery, worn for protection as talismans, associated with romance and power. They are also of scientific importance, forming over billions of years and containing secrets to the inner earth. This book examines the world's most commonly encountered gemstones, exploring their unique beauty, rarity, and durability. It reveals how these gem materials formed, where they are mined, how they are identified by their physical and optical properties, their enhancements and imitations. Travelling through each gem's history and use in adornment, it is filled with fascinating facts for the curious to the professional. With sumptuous colour photographs, Gemstones is a dazzling insight into the world of the rare and valuable.

Available for the first time in Achieve, the highly respected Organic Chemistry, 7e is rooted in scholarly tradition, and informed by chemical education. Organic Chemistry helps students achieve a relational understanding of organic chemistry. Loudon and Parise emphasize how key organic chemistry concepts relate to one another through a functional group organization and mechanistic reasoning to help students understand the "why" of reactions. The 7th edition has been rigorously updated and continues to be a trusted reference for instructors, with the most up-to-date research and the highest standard of accuracy. Hallmark features including an elegant writing style, masterful problems, and biological applications are retained and enhanced by Achieve, Macmillan's new online learning system. Achieve supports educators and students throughout the full flexible range of instruction, including resources to support learning of core concepts, visualization, problem-solving and assessment. Powerful analytics and instructor support resources in Achieve pair with exceptional Organic Chemistry content provides an unrivaled learning experience.