This book gives insight into the emerging semiconductor devices from their applications in electronic circuits. It discusses the challenges in the field of engineering and applications of advanced low-power devices. Emerging Low-Power Semiconductor Devices: Applications for Future Technology Nodes offers essential exposure to low-power devices, and applications in wireless, biosensing, and circuit domains. This book provides a detailed discussion on all aspects, including the current and future scenarios related to the low-power device. The book also presents basic knowledge about field-effect transistor (FET) devices and introduces emerging and novel FET devices. The chapters include a review of the usage of FET devices in various domains like biosensing, wireless, and cryogenics applications. The chapters also explore device-circuit co-design issues in the digital and analog domains. The content is presented in an easy-to-follow manner that makes it ideal for individuals new to the subject. This book is intended for scientists, researchers, and postgraduate students looking for an understanding of device physics, circuits, and systems.

NONLINEAR FILTERS Discover the utility of using deep learning and (deep) reinforcement learning in deriving filtering algorithms with this insightful and powerful new resource Nonlinear Filters: Theory and Applications delivers an insightful view on state and parameter estimation by merging ideas from control theory, statistical signal processing, and machine learning. Taking an algorithmic approach, the book covers both classic and machine learning-based filtering algorithms. Readers of Nonlinear Filters will greatly benefit from the wide spectrum of presented topics including stability, robustness, computability, and algorithmic sufficiency. Readers will also enjoy: Organization that allows the book to act as a stand-alone, self-contained reference A thorough exploration of the notion of observability, nonlinear observers, and the theory of optimal nonlinear filtering that bridges the gap between different science and engineering disciplines A profound account of Bayesian filters including Kalman filter and its variants as well as particle filter A rigorous derivation of the smooth variable structure filter as a predictor-corrector estimator formulated based on a stability theorem, used to confine the estimated states within a neighborhood of their true values A concise tutorial on deep learning and reinforcement learning A detailed presentation of the expectation maximization algorithm and its machine learning-based variants, used for joint state and parameter estimation Guidelines for constructing nonparametric Bayesian models from parametric ones Perfect for researchers, professors, and graduate students in engineering, computer science, applied mathematics, and artificial intelligence, Nonlinear Filters: Theory and Applications will also earn a place in the libraries of those studying or practicing in fields involving pandemic diseases, cybersecurity, information fusion, augmented reality, autonomous driving, urban traffic network, navigation and tracking, robotics, power systems, hybrid technologies, and finance.

Written by the most prominent experts and pioneers in the field, this ready reference combines fundamental research, recent breakthroughs and real-life applications in one well-organized treatise.
As such, both newcomers and established researchers will find here a wide range of current methods for producing and characterizing carbon nanotubes using imaging as well as spectroscopic techniques. One major part of this thorough overview is devoted to the controlled chemical functionalization of carbon nanotubes, covering intriguing applications in photovoltaics, organic electronics and materials design. The latest research on novel carbon-derived structures, such as graphene, nanoonions and carbon pea pods, round off the book.

Very Large-Scale Integration (VLSI) creates an integrated circuit (IC) by combining thousands of transistors into a single chip. While designing a circuit, reduction of power consumption is a great challenge. VLSI designs reduce the size of circuits which eventually reduces the power consumption of the devices. However, it increases the complexity of the digital system. Therefore, computer-aided design tools are introduced into hardware design processes. Unlike the general-purpose computer, an embedded system is engineered to manage a wide range of processing tasks. Single or multiple processing cores manage embedded systems in the form of microcontrollers, digital signal processors, field-programmable gate arrays, and application-specific integrated circuits. Security threats have become a significant issue since most embedded systems lack security even more than personal computers. Many embedded systems hacking tools are readily available on the internet. Hacking in the PDAs and modems is a pervasive example of embedded systems hacking. This book explores the designs of VLSI circuits and embedded systems. These two vast topics are divided into four parts. In the book's first part, the Decision Diagrams (DD) have been covered. DDs have extensively used Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software to synthesize circuits and formal verification. The book's second part mainly covers the design architectures of Multiple-Valued Logic (MVL) Circuits. MVL circuits offer several potential opportunities to improve present VLSI circuit designs. The book's third part deals with Programmable Logic Devices (PLD). PLDs can be programmed to incorporate a complex logic function within a single IC for VLSI circuits and Embedded Systems. The fourth part of the book concentrates on the design architectures of Complex Digital Circuits of Embedded Systems. As a whole, from this book, core researchers, academicians, and students will get the complete picture of VLSI Circuits and Embedded Systems and their applications.

Microelectronic Circuit Design presents a balanced coverage of analog and digital circuits. Students will develop a comprehensive understanding of the basic techniques of modern electronic circuit design, analog and digital, discrete and integrated. A broad spectrum of topics is included, and material can easily be selected to satisfy either a two-semester or three quarter sequence in electronics. This title is available in Connect, featuring SmartBook 2.0, eBook, and homework problems. Instructor Resources available for this title include: Solutions Manual and PPTs.

This reference text discusses recent advances in the field of nanotechnology with applications in the fields of electronics sector, agriculture, health services, smart cities, food industry, and energy sector in a comprehensive manner. The text begins by discussing important concepts including bio nanotechnology, nano electronics, nano devices, nano medicine, and nano memories. It then comprehensively covers applications of nanotechnology in different areas including healthcare, energy sector, environment, security and defense, agriculture sector, food industry, automotive sector, smart cities, and Internet of Things (IoT). Aimed at senior undergraduate, graduate students and professionals in the fields of electrical engineering, electronics engineering, nanoscience and nanotechnology, this text: Discusses nano image sensors useful for imaging in medical and for security applications. Covers advances in the field of nanotechnology with their applications. It covers important concepts including neuro simulators, nano medicine, and nano materials. Covers applications of nanotechnology in diverse fields including health sector, agriculture, energy sector, and electronics.

Implantable devices are a unique area for circuit designers. A comprehensive understanding of design trade-offs at the system level is important to ensure device success. Circuit Design Considerations for Implantable Devices provides knowledge to CMOS circuit designers with limited biomedical background to understand design challenges and trade-offs for implantable devices, especially neural interfacing. Technical topics discussed in the book include: Neural interface Neural sensing amplifiers Electrical stimulation Embedded Signal Analysis Wireless Power Transmission to mm-Sized Free-Floating Distributed Implants Next Generation Neural Interface Electronics

This book facilitates the VLSI-interested individuals with not only in-depth knowledge, but also the broad aspects of it by explaining its applications in different fields, including image processing and biomedical. The deep understanding of basic concepts gives you the power to develop a new application aspect, which is very well taken care of in this book by using simple language in explaining the concepts. In the VLSI world, the importance of hardware description languages cannot be ignored, as the designing of such dense and complex circuits is not possible without them. Both Verilog and VHDL languages are used here for designing. The current needs of high-performance integrated circuits (ICs) including low power devices and new emerging materials, which can play a very important role in achieving new functionalities, are the most interesting part of the book. The testing of VLSI circuits becomes more crucial than the designing of the circuits in this nanometer technology era. The role of fault simulation algorithms is very well explained, and its implementation using Verilog is the key aspect of this book. This book is well organized into 20 chapters. Chapter 1 emphasizes on uses of FPGA on various image processing and biomedical applications. Then, the descriptions enlighten the basic understanding of digital design from the perspective of HDL in Chapters 2-5. The performance enhancement with alternate material or geometry for silicon-based FET designs is focused in Chapters 6 and 7. Chapters 8 and 9 describe the study of bimolecular interactions with biosensing FETs. Chapters 10-13 deal with advanced FET structures available in various shapes, materials such as nanowire, HFET, and their comparison in terms of device performance metrics calculation. Chapters 14-18 describe different application-specific VLSI design techniques and challenges for analog and digital circuit designs. Chapter 19 explains the VLSI testability issues with the description of simulation and its categorization into logic and fault simulation for test pattern generation using Verilog HDL. Chapter 20 deals with a secured VLSI design with hardware obfuscation by hiding the IC's structure and function, which makes it much more difficult to reverse engineer.

Covering both the fundamentals and the in-depth topics related to Verilog digital design, both students and experts can benefit from reading this book by gaining a comprehensive understanding of how modern electronic products are designed and implemented. Principles of Verilog Digital Design contains many hands-on examples accompanied by RTL codes that together can bring a beginner into the digital design realm without needing too much background in the subject area. This book has a particular focus on how to transform design concepts into physical implementations using architecture and timing diagrams. Common mistakes a beginner or even an experienced engineer can make are summarized and addressed as well. Beyond the legal details of Verilog codes, the book additionally presents what uses Verilog codes have through some pertinent design principles. Moreover, students reading this book will gain knowledge about system-level design concepts. Several ASIC designs are illustrated in detail as well. In addition to design principles and skills, modern design methodology and how it is carried out in practice today are explored in depth as well.

Defects in Nanocrystals: Structural and Physico-Chemical Aspects discusses the nature of semiconductor systems and the effect of the size and shape on their thermodynamic and optoelectronic properties at the mesoscopic and nanoscopic levels. The nanostructures considered in this book are individual nanometric crystallites, nanocrystalline films, and nanowires of which the thermodynamic, structural, and optical properties are discussed in detail. The work: Outlines the influence of growth processes on their morphology and structure Describes the benefits of optical spectroscopies in the understanding of the role and nature of defects in nanostructured semiconductors Considers the limits of nanothermodynamics Details the critical role of interfaces in nanostructural behavior Covers the importance of embedding media in the physico-chemical properties of nanostructured semiconductors Explains the negligible role of core point defects vs. surface and interface defects Written for researchers, engineers, and those working in the physical and physicochemical sciences, this work comprehensively details the chemical, structural, and optical properties of semiconductor nanostructures for the development of more powerful and efficient devices.

Provides the details of state-of-the-art machine learning methods used in VLSI Design. Discusses hardware implementation and device modeling pertaining to machine learning algorithms. Explores machine learning for various VLSI architectures and reconfigurable computing. Illustrate latest techniques for device size and feature optimization. Highlight latest case studies and reviews of the methods used for hardware implementation.

Provides comprehensive coverage of fundamental concepts related to nanotube transistors and interconnects. Discusses properties and performance of practical nanotube devices and related applications. Covers physical and electrical phenomena of carbon nanotubes, as well as applications enabled by this nanotechnology. Discusses the structure, properties, and characteristics of graphene-based on-chip interconnect. Examines interconnect power and interconnect delay issues arising due to downscaling of device size.

The book provides a comprehensive overview of Single-Inductor Multiple-Output Converters from both theoretical and practical perspectives. Based on the authors' in-depth research, the volume covers not only conventional SIMO DC-DC converters but also the new generations of SIMO such as SIMO AC-DC converters, SIMO DC-AC converters (or SIMO inverters), and the latest SIMO hybrid converters. This book offers a holistic and systematic presentation of all types of SIMO converters, encompassing the derivation of the circuit topologies, the definition of key concepts, detailed discussion of theoretical underpinnings, design methodology and control schemes, as well as design considerations and techniques that enable practical implementation. Specific examples of real-world applications of SIMO converters are also provided. The volume offers a comprehensive overview and systematic classification of the traditional and modern topologies of SIMO converters in terms of system architecture, circuit analysis, operating principles, control methods, design considerations and practical implementation. Specifically, the book presents the mathematical models and design principles necessary for analyzing the behavior of each kind of SIMO converter, and building upon that, introduces and imparts new approaches and techniques when designing such converters, guiding engineering students and power engineers towards achieving low-cost, compact and energy efficient SIMO converters. offers the design considerations and optimization as well as describing the key applications of SIMO converters. The book fills a significant niche in the power electronics literature and provides a complete perspective on SIMO converters that hopefully can inspire appreciation and better understanding of the subject matter. It can be directly adopted in undergraduate or graduate coursework as well as postgraduate research programs.

The book provides a comprehensive overview of Single-Inductor Multiple-Output Converters from both theoretical and practical perspectives. Based on the authors' in-depth research, the volume covers not only conventional SIMO DC-DC converters but also the new generations of SIMO such as SIMO AC-DC converters, SIMO DC-AC converters (or SIMO inverters), and the latest SIMO hybrid converters. This book offers a holistic and systematic presentation of all types of SIMO converters, encompassing the derivation of the circuit topologies, the definition of key concepts, detailed discussion of theoretical underpinnings, design methodology and control schemes, as well as design considerations and techniques that enable practical implementation. Specific examples of real-world applications of SIMO converters are also provided. The volume offers a comprehensive overview and systematic classification of the traditional and modern topologies of SIMO converters in terms of system architecture, circuit analysis, operating principles, control methods, design considerations and practical implementation. Specifically, the book presents the mathematical models and design principles necessary for analyzing the behavior of each kind of SIMO converter, and building upon that, introduces and imparts new approaches and techniques when designing such converters, guiding engineering students and power engineers towards achieving low-cost, compact and energy efficient SIMO converters. offers the design considerations and optimization as well as describing the key applications of SIMO converters. The book fills a significant niche in the power electronics literature and provides a complete perspective on SIMO converters that hopefully can inspire appreciation and better understanding of the subject matter. It can be directly adopted in undergraduate or graduate coursework as well as postgraduate research programs.

Discusses latest updates in the field of ultra-low power semiconductor transistors. Provides both experimental and analytical solutions for TFETs and NCFETs. Presents the synthesis and fabrication of FinFETs. Gives out details of 2D Materials and 2D transistors. Explores the application of FETs for biosensing in healthcare field.

Covers major areas including materials, physics, processes, and applications of flexible electronics. Includes homework problems for readers to understand concepts in an easy manner. Discusses types of materials including flexible silicon, metal oxides and organic semiconductors in detail. Applications of flexible electronics in displays, solar cells and batteries discusses in detail Covers a section on Stretchable Electronics.

Discusses function circuit types implemented with low pass filter, peak detector, and sample and hold circuits. Analyzing complete architecture of a function circuit. Applications of operational amplifiers are extended to perform function circuits. Covers how function circuits are developed with simple integrators and comparators.

Need to get up to speed quickly on the latest advances in high performance data converters? Want help choosing the best architecture for your application? With everything you need to know about the key new converter architectures, this guide is for you. It presents basic principles, circuit and system design techniques and associated trade-offs, doing away with lengthy mathematical proofs and providing intuitive descriptions upfront. Everything from time-to-digital converters to comparator-based/zero-crossing ADCs is covered and each topic is introduced with a short summary of the essential basics. Practical examples describing actual chips, along with extensive comparison between architectural or circuit options, ease architecture selection and help you cut design time and engineering risk. Trade-offs, advantages and disadvantages of each option are put into perspective with a discussion of future trends, showing where this field is heading, what is driving it and what the most important unanswered questions are.

Analysis and Application of Analog Electronic Circuits to Biomedical Instrumentation, Second Edition helps biomedical engineers understand the basic analog electronic circuits used for signal conditioning in biomedical instruments. It explains the function and design of signal conditioning systems using analog ICs-the circuits that enable ECG, EEG, EMG, ERG, tomographic images, biochemical spectrograms, and other crucial medical applications. This book demonstrates how op amps are the keystone of modern analog signal conditioning system design and illustrates how they can be used to build instrumentation amplifiers, active filters, and many other biomedical instrumentation systems and subsystems. It introduces the mathematical tools used to describe noise and its propagation through linear systems, and it looks at how signal-to-noise ratios can be improved by signal averaging and linear filtering. Features Analyzes the properties of photonic sensors and emitters and the circuits that power them Details the design of instrumentation amplifiers and medical isolation amplifiers Considers the modulation and demodulation of biomedical signals Examines analog power amplifiers, including power op amps and class D (switched) PAs Describes wireless patient monitoring, including Wi-Fi and Bluetooth communication protocols Explores RFID, GPS, and ultrasonic tags and the design of fractal antennas Addresses special analog electronic circuits and systems such as phase-sensitive rectifiers, phase detectors, and IC thermometers By explaining the "building blocks" of biomedical systems, the author illustrates the importance of signal conditioning systems in the devices that gather and monitor patients' critical medical information. Fully revised and updated, this second edition includes new chapters, a glossary, and end-of-chapter problems. What's New in This Edition Updated and revised material throughout the book A chapter on the applications, circuits, and characteristics of power amplifiers A chapter on wireless patient monitoring using UHF telemetry A chapter on RFID tags, GPS tags, and ultrasonic tags A glossary to help you decode the acronyms and terms used in biomedical electronics, physiology, and biochemistry New end-of-chapter problems and examples

For decades, people have searched for ways to harvest energy from natural sources. Lately, a desire to address the issue of global warming and climate change has popularized solar or photovoltaic technology, while piezoelectric technology is being developed to power handheld devices without batteries, and thermoelectric technology is being explored to convert wasted heat, such as in automobile engine combustion, into electricity. Featuring contributions from international researchers in both academics and industry, Energy Harvesting with Functional Materials and Microsystems explains the growing field of energy harvesting from a materials and device perspective, with resulting technologies capable of enabling low-power implantable sensors or a large-scale electrical grid. In addition to the design, implementation, and components of energy-efficient electronics, the book covers current advances in energy-harvesting materials and technology, including: High-efficiency solar technologies with lower cost than existing silicon-based photovoltaics Novel piezoelectric technologies utilizing mechanical energy from vibrations and pressure The ability to harness thermal energy and temperature profiles with thermoelectric materials Whether you're a practicing engineer, academician, graduate student, or entrepreneur looking to invest in energy-harvesting devices, this book is your complete guide to fundamental materials and applied microsystems for energy harvesting.

In this book Ian Sinclair provides the practical knowhow required by technician engineers, systems designers and students. The focus is firmly on understanding the technologies and their different applications, not a mathematical approach. The result is a highly readable text which provides a unique introduction to the selection and application of sensors, transducers and switches, and a grounding in the practicalities of designing with these devices.
The devices covered encompass heat, light and motion, environmental sensing, sensing in industrial control, and signal-carrying and non-signal switches.
Get up to speed in this key topic through this leading practical guide
Understand the range of technologies and applications before specifying
Gain a working knowledge with a minimum of maths

Now in its seventh edition, Bird's Electrical Circuit Theory and Technology explains electrical circuit theory and associated technology topics in a straightforward manner, supported by practical engineering examples and applications to ensure that readers can relate theory to practice. The extensive and thorough coverage, containing over 800 worked examples, makes this an excellent text for a range of courses, in particular for Degree and Foundation Degree in electrical principles, circuit theory, telecommunications, and electrical technology. The text includes some essential mathematics revision, together with all the essential electrical and electronic principles for BTEC National and Diploma syllabuses and City & Guilds Technician Certificate and Diploma syllabuses in engineering. This material will be a great revision for those on higher courses. This edition includes several new sections, including glass batteries, climate change, the future of electricity production, and discussions concerning everyday aspects of electricity, such as watts and lumens, electrical safety, AC vs DC, and trending technologies. Its companion website at www.routledge.com/cw/bird provides resources for both students and lecturers, including full solutions for all 1400 further questions, multiple choice questions, lists of essential formulae and bios of famous engineers; as well as full solutions to revision tests, lab experiments, and illustrations for adopting course instructors.

* describes new advances in development of detection systems based on CdZnTe (CZT) and CdTe detectors utilizing a direct conversion of radiation to electric signals * reports a recent progress in technologies and performance of silicon photomultipliers (SiPM) used for reading the light from scintillators * explores exciting new application opportunities created by development of the cutting-edge detection technologies in X-ray spectroscopy, Computed Tomography (CT), bone dosimetry, and nuclear medicine (PET, SPECT) * considers the future use of photon counting detectors in clinical computed tomography (CT) scanners providing K-edge imaging to reduce the amount of contrast agents and ultimately offering both an anatomical and a functional information * describes, uses of radiation detection systems in security applications such as luggage scanning, dirty bomb detection, and border control

The advances in semiconductor detectors, scintillators, photodetectors such as silicon photomultipliers (SiPM), and reaodut electronics have experienced tremendous growth in recent years in terms of basic technologies and variety of applications.The second edition of the book Radiation Detection Systems presents variety of radiation detection systems giving readers a broad view of the state-of-the-art in the design of detectors, front-end electronics and systems offering optimized choices of the detection tools for a particular application. The new edition has been divided into two volumes. This first volume, on Sensor Materials, Systems, Technology and Characterization Measurements puts emphasis on sensor materials, detector structures, front electronics technology and their designs as well as system optimization for different applications. Also, the book include characterization measurements of the developed detection systems. Featuring contributions from leading experts and pioneers in their respective fields, this book * describes progress in growth technologies of cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe) and cadmium telluride (CdTe) materials * shows variety of specific detector structure designs and their integration with front-end amplification/processing electronics * presents detection systems based on CdZnTe and CdTe detector technologies that are optimized for specific applications. The designed systems are characterized in terms of their spectral responses, spatial and timing resolutions * addresses incomplete charge collection, pulse pileup, charge sharing between neighboring detector pixels and other phenomena that can degrade the spectral response of photon-counting detectors * reports new developments of silicon photomultipliers used for reading the light from scintillators that starting to make a big impact particularly in the design concepts of novel medical instrumentation With its combined coverage of new materials and innovative new system approaches, as well as a succinct overview of recent developments, this book is an invaluable tool for any engineer, professional, or student working in electronics or an associated field. Readers can refer to the second book to get a detailed understanding of more specific applications of the detection systems in medical imaging, industrial testing and security applications.

High-k Materials in Multi-Gate FET Devices focuses on high-k materials for advanced FET devices. It discusses emerging challenges in the engineering and applications and considers issues with associated technologies. It covers the various way of utilizing high-k dielectrics in multi-gate FETs for enhancing their performance at the device as well as circuit level. Provides basic knowledge about FET devices Presents the motivation behind multi-gate FETs, including current and future trends in transistor technologies Discusses fabrication and characterization of high-k materials Contains a comprehensive analysis of the impact of high-k dielectrics utilized in the gate-oxide and the gate-sidewall spacers on the GIDL of emerging multi-gate FET architectures Offers detailed application of high-k materials for advanced FET devices Considers future research directions This book is of value to researchers in materials science, electronics engineering, semiconductor device modeling, IT, and related disciplines studying nanodevices such as FinFET and Tunnel FET and device-circuit codesign issues.