The mathematical theory of contact mechanics is a growing field in engineering and scientific computing. This book is intended as a unified and readily accessible source for mathematicians, applied mathematicians, mechanicians, engineers and scientists, as well as advanced students. The first part describes models of the processes involved like friction, heat generation and thermal effects, wear, adhesion and damage. The second part presents many mathematical models of practical interest and demonstrates the close interaction and cross-fertilization between contact mechanics and the theory of variational inequalities. The last part reviews further results, gives many references to current research and discusses open problems and future developments. The book can be read by mechanical engineers interested in applications. In addition, some theorems and their proofs are given as examples for the mathematical tools used in the models.

A cognitive journey towards the reliable simulation of scattering problems using finite element methods, with the pre-asymptotic analysis of Galerkin FEM for the Helmholtz equation with moderate and large wave number forming the core of this book. Starting from the basic physical assumptions, the author methodically develops both the strong and weak forms of the governing equations, while the main chapter on finite element analysis is preceded by a systematic treatment of Galerkin methods for indefinite sesquilinear forms. In the final chapter, three dimensional computational simulations are presented and compared with experimental data. The author also includes broad reference material on numerical methods for the Helmholtz equation in unbounded domains, including Dirichlet-to-Neumann methods, absorbing boundary conditions, infinite elements and the perfectly matched layer. A self-contained and easily readable work.

Mechanics and mathematics have been complementary partners since Newton's time and the history of science shows much evidence of the beneficial influence of these disciplines on each other. Driven by increasingly elaborate modern technological applications the symbiotic relationship between mathematics and mechanics is continually growing. However, the increasingly large number of specialist journals has generated a duality gap between the two partners, and this gap is growing wider.
Advances in Mechanics and Mathematics (AMMA) is intended to bridge the gap by providing multi-disciplinary publications. This volume, AMMA 2002, includes two parts with three articles by four subject experts. Part 1 deals with nonsmooth static and dynamic systems. A systematic mathematical theory for multibody dynamics with unilateral and frictional constraints and a brief introduction to hemivariational inequalities together with some new developments in nonsmooth semi-linear elliptic boundary value problems are presented. Part 2 provides a comprehensive introduction and the latest research on dendritic growth in fluid mechanics, one of the most profound and fundamental subjects in the area of interfacial pattern formation, a commonly observed phenomenon in crystal growth and solidification processes.
Audience: Scientists and mathematicians, including advanced students (doctoral and post-doctoral level) at universities and in industry interested in mechanics and applied mathematics.

Turbulence modelling has long been, and will remain, one of the most important t- ics in turbulence research, challenging scientists and engineers in the academic world and in the industrial society. Over the past decade, Detached Eddy Simulation (DES) and other hybrid RANS-LES methods have received increasing attention from the turbulence-research community, as well as from industrial CFD engineers. Indeed, as an engineering modelling approach, hybrid RANS-LES methods have acquired a remarkable profile in modelling turbulent flows of industrial interest in relation to, for example, transportation, energy production and the environment. The advantage exploited with hybrid RANS-LES modelling approaches, being - tentially more computationally efficient than LES and more accurate than (unsteady) RANS, has motivated numerous research and development activities. These activities, together with industrial applications, have been further facilitated over the recent years by the rapid development of modern computing resources. As a European initiative, the EU project DESider (Detached Eddy Simulation for Industrial Aerodynamics, 2004-2007), has been one of the earliest and most systematic international R&D effort with its focus on development, improvement and applications of a variety of existing and new hybrid RANS-LES modelling approaches, as well as on related numerical issues. In association with the DESider project, two subsequent international symposia on hybrid RANS-LES methods have been arranged in Stockholm (Sweden, 2005) and in Corfu (Greece, 2007), respectively. The present book is a result of the Second Symposium on Hybrid RANS-LES Methods, held in Corfu, Greece, 17-18 June 2007.

This book highlights the theories and applications of quantum acoustical imaging which can be considered as a part of quantum technology. It starts with the theories and background principles of this new field in depth.The examples of some present forms of available acoustical imaging which can be considered as quantum acoustical imaging are given such as ultrasonics in the terahertz range with the use of optical transducers for producing terahertz ultrasound and the theory of sound amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (SASER) and principles based on terahertz ultrasound. The SASER transducer is described, followed by the applications of SASER.Other examples of quantum acoustical imaging are the atomic force acoustic microscope (AFAM) and the ultrasonic force microscope. The author's personal inventions of quantum acoustical imaging are a system based on phonons entanglement based on the quantum property of phonons entanglement and the quantum ultrasound diffraction tomography system.The advantage of quantum acoustical imaging is the defeat of the classical Rayleigh image resolution limit. An unique feature of this book is that it has gone in depth into the quantum theories of acoustical imaging such as phonons entanglement,,superposition principle and the application of transport theory.Quantum microphones and quantum transducers are also introduced with a final chapter on quantum image processing.

In addition to expanding and clarifying a number of sections of the first edition, it generalizes the analysis that eliminates the noncausal pre-acceleration so that it applies to removing any pre-deceleration as well. It also introduces a robust power series solution to the equation of motion that produces an extremely accurate solution to problems such as the motion of electrons in uniform magnetic fields.

This volume presents the latest research worldwide on communications protocols, emphasizing specification and compliance testing. It presents the complete proceedings of the fifteenth meeting on Protocol Specification, Testing and Verification' arranged by the International Federation for Information Processing.

Network Intelligence provides the authoritative guide to the subject and sets this development in telecommunications into the context of other concurrent advances in customer premises equipment, computing and information networking. Written by research and development engineers at the BT Laboratories at Martlesham, the book is essential reading for engineers in telecommunications companies engaged in network design and for students wishing to become familiar with the current issues in Network Intelligence.

This book highlights a systematic introduction to the basic theory of elastic wave propagation in complex media. The theory of elastic waves is widely used in fields such as geophysical exploration, seismic survey, medical ultrasound imaging, nondestructive testing of materials and structures, phononic crystals, metamaterials and structure health monitoring. To help readers develop a systematic grasp of the basic theory, and thus its applications, the book elaborates on the theory of elastic wave propagation in isotropic solid media, covering phenomena in infinite media, interfaces, layered structure with finite thickness, Rayleigh wave and Love wave propagating along the surface of semi-infinite solid and covering layer, and the guided waves and leaky waves in flat plates and in cylindrical rods. The propagation patterns and features of guided waves in cylindrical shells and spherical shells are also introduced. The author wrote the book based on a decade of teaching experience of a graduate course of the same name and two decades of research on the theory and applications. The book is a valuable reference for students, researchers and professionals who expect an understandable and comprehensive discussion of the theory, analytical methods and related research results.

Distributed amplification is one of the more powerful yet curiously under-utilised tools available to today's designers. In the hands of savvy engineers, distributed amplification allows the simultaneous optimisation of gain-bandwidth, phase linearity, and noise figure. In addition, at optical frequencies distributed amplifiction reduces dependence on temperature and signal polarisation. This work sets out to demystify this powerful technology as it surveys the current state-of-the-art with an emphasis on practical applications. From historical perspectives and theory to device design and implementation, "Fundamentals of Distributed Amplification" covers everything needed to integrate superior performance amplifiers into FETs, vacuum and parametric devices, semiconductor lasers, transistors, and many other devices. In addition to its coverage of the principles of distributed amplification, this detailed reference: develops thorough derivations of the relevant equations for distributed amplifiers, based on unilateral models of active devices; generates analysis based on bilateral models to account for reverse isolation, transient threshold, and tightly coupled systems; and discusses transient response and amplifier implementation in detail. The book also features a special, comprehensive section on developments in distributed optical amplifiers, including traveling wave semiconductor laser amplifiers and distributed erbium-doped fiber amplifiers. Researchers, microwave and device engineers, students, teachers of university courses and intensive industry short courses, should all find this book useful.

A presentation of some of the basic ideas of fluid mechanics in a mathematically attractive manner. The text illustrates the physical background and motivation for some constructions used in recent mathematical and numerical work on the Navier- Stokes equations and on hyperbolic systems, so as to interest students in this at once beautiful and difficult subject. This third edition incorporates a number of updates and revisions, while retaining the spirit and scope of the original book.

Elastomers are found in many applications ranging from technology to daily life applications for example in tires, drive systems, sealings and print rollers. Dynamical operation conditions put extremely high demands on the performance and stability of these materials and their elastic and flow properties can be easily adjusted by simple manipulations on their elastic and viscous properties. However, the required service life suffers often from material damage as a result of wear processes such as abrasion and wear fatigue, mostly caused by crack formation and propagation. This book covers interdisciplinary research between physics, physical chemistry, material sciences and engineering of elastomers within the range from nanometres to millimetres and connects these aspects with the constitutive material properties. The different chapters describe reliable lifetime and durability predictions based on new fracture mechanical testing concepts and advanced material-theoretical methods which are finally implemented in the finite element method for structural simulations. The use of this approach allows a realistic description of complex geometrical and loading conditions which includes the peculiarities of the mechanical behaviour of elastomeric materials in detail. Furthermore, this approach demonstrates how multi-scale research concepts provide an ambitious interdisciplinary challenge at the interface between engineering and natural sciences. This book covers the interests of academic researchers, graduate students and professionals working in polymer science, rubber and tire technology and in materials science at the interface of academic and industrial research.

This monograph on fluid mechanics is not only a superb and unique textbook but also an impressive piece of research. The author writes from the vantage point of a mathematical physicist: Having in mind the important applications and approximation techniques used in physics and engineering, he carefully analyses the power of the theory. He examines, among others, the theories of Leray, Ruelle and Takens, and discusses Lorenz's ideas of attractors. This is the only textbook that fully covers turbulence, all the way from the works of Kolmogorov to modern dynamics.

21st Century Kinematics focuses on algebraic problems in the analysis and synthesis of mechanisms and robots, compliant mechanisms, cable-driven systems and protein kinematics. The specialist contributors provide the background for a series of presentations at the 2012 NSF Workshop. The text shows how the analysis and design of innovative mechanical systems yield increasingly complex systems of polynomials, characteristic of those systems. In doing so, it takes advantage of increasingly sophisticated computational tools developed for numerical algebraic geometry and demonstrates the now routine derivation of polynomial systems dwarfing the landmark problems of even the recent past. The 21st Century Kinematics workshop echoes the NSF-supported 1963 Yale Mechanisms Teachers Conference that taught a generation of university educators the fundamental principles of kinematic theory. As such these proceedings will provide admirable supporting theory for a graduate course in modern kinematics and should be of considerable interest to researchers in mechanical design, robotics or protein kinematics or who have a broader interest in algebraic geometry and its applications.

System Theory: Modeling, Analysis and Control contains thirty-three scientific papers covering a wide range of topics in systems and control. These papers have been contributed to a symposium organized to celebrate Sanjoy K. Mitter's 65th birthday. The following research topics are addressed: distributed parameter systems, stochastic control, filtering and estimation, optimization and optimal control, image processing and vision, hierarchical systems and hybrid control, nonlinear systems, and linear systems. Also included are three survey papers on optimization, nonlinear filtering, and nonlinear systems. Recent advances are reported on the behavioral approach to systems, the relationship between differential games and robust control, estimation of diffusion processes, Markov processes, optimal control, hybrid control, stochastic control, spectral estimation, nonconvex quadratic programming, robust control, control algorithms and quantized linear systems. Innovative explorations are carried out on quantum systems from a control theory perspective, option valuation and hedging, three-dimensional medical visualization, computational structure biology image processing, and hierarchical approaches to complex systems, flow control, scheduling and force feedback in fluid mechanics. The contents reflect on past research accomplishments, current research activity, and future research directions in systems and control theory.

In this book, the author deals with the mathematical modelling, nonlinear control and performance evaluation of a conceptual anti-aircraft gun based mobile air defence system engaging an attacking three-dimensional aerial target. This book is of interest to academic faculty, graduate students and industry professionals working in the fields of mathematical modelling and control, ground vehicles, mobile air defence systems and other related topics.

The Information Super Highway concept has gained great popularity recently. If the super highway is to be realised it will almost certainly be built mainly using optical fibres. The British Telecoms research group in this area has long been acknowledged as a leading force in developing optical communications technology. In this book they set out the technology necessary to build the super highway of the future.

This book covers different topics of nonlinear mechanics in complex structures, such as the appearance of new nonlinear phenomena and the behavior of finite-dimensional and distributed nonlinear systems, including numerous systems directly connected with important technological problems.

This book discusses how and why animals evolved into particular shapes. The book identifies the physical laws which decide over the evolutionary (selective) value of body shape and morphological characters. Comparing the mechanical necessities with morphological details, the author attempts to understand how evolution works, and which sorts of limitations are set by selection. The book explains morphological traits in more biomechanical detail without getting lost in physics, or in methods. Most emphasis is placed on the proximate question, namely the identification of the mechanical stresses which must be sustained by the respective body parts, when they move the body or its parts against resistance. In the first part of the book the focus is on 'primitive' animals and later on the emphasis shifts to highly specialized mammals. Readers will learn more about living and fossil animals. A section of the book is dedicated to human evolution but not to produce another evolutionary tree, nor to refine a former one, but to contribute to answering the question: "WHY early humans have developed their particular body shape".

Now in an updated new edition, this textbook explains mechanical vibrations concepts in detail, concentrating on their practical use. This second edition includes the new chapter Multi-Degree-of-Freedom (MDOF) Time Response, as well as new sections covering superposition, music and vibrations, generalized coordinates and degrees-of-freedom, and first-order systems. Related theorems and formal proofs are provided, as are real-life applications. Students, researchers, and practicing engineers alike will appreciate the user-friendly presentation of a wealth of topics, including practical optimization for designing vibration isolators and transient and harmonic excitations. Advanced Vibrations: Theory and Application is an ideal text for students of engineering, designers, and practicing engineers.

This book provides a comprehensive yet concise presentation of the analysis methods of lightweight engineering in the context of the statics of beam structures and is divided into four sections. Starting from very general remarks on the fundamentals of elasticity theory, the first section also addresses plane problems as well as strength criteria of isotropic materials. The second section is devoted to the analytical treatment of the statics of beam structures, addressing beams under bending, shear and torsion. The third section deals with the work and energy methods in lightweight construction, spanning classical methods and modern computational methods such as the finite element method. Finally, the fourth section addresses more advanced beam models, discussing hybrid structures as well as laminated and sandwich beams, in addition to shear field beams and shear deformable beams. This book is intended for students at technical colleges and universities, as well as for engineers in practice and researchers in engineering.

The Tenth International Symposium on Continuum Models and Discrete Systems (CMDSIO) took place at the Shoresh Holiday Complex in Shoresh, Israel, near the Capital City Jerusalem, from 30 June until 4 July 2003. The previous symposia in this series were: CMDS 1 (Kielce, Poland, 1975) CMDS2 (Mont Gabriel, Canada, 1977) CMDS3 (Freudenstadt, German Federal Republic, 1979) CMDS4 (Stockholm, Sweden, 1981) CMDS5 (Nottingham, England, 1985) CMDS6 (Dijon, France, 1989) CMDS7 (Paderborn, Germany, 1992) CMDS8 (Varna, Bulgaria, 1995) CMDS9 (Istanbul, Turkey, 1998) As in the previous symposia, participation was by invitation from the Inter- national Scientific Committee. Participants were chosen from a list of recom- mendations of the committee members, as well as from applications following advertisement of the symposium on the internet and in email messages to po- tential participants. The members of the International Scientific Committee were: Karl-Heinz Anthony CMDS7 Chairman (University ofPaderborn, Germany) David J. Bergman, Conference Chairman (Tel Aviv University, Israel) Bikas K. Chakrabatii (Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics Calcutta, West Bengal, India) Hans Jurgen Herrmann (University of Stuttgart, Germany; and ESPCI, Paris, France) Esin Inan, CMDS9 Chairwoman (Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey) Dominique Jeulin (ENSMP, Fontainebleau, France) Mark Kachanov (Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA) David Kinderlehrer (Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA) Arnold M. Kosevich (B. Verkin Institute for Low Temperature Physics, Khat"kov, Ukraine) Valery M. Levin (Petrozavodsk State University, Petrozavodsk, Russia) Konstantin Z.

This monograph draws on two traditions: the algebraic formulation of quantum mechanics as well as quantum field theory, and the geometric theory of classical mechanics. These are combined in a unified treatment of the theory of Poisson algebras of observables and pure state spaces with a transition probability, which leads on to a discussion of the theory of quantization and the classical limit from this perspective. A prototype of quantization comes from the analogy between the C*- algebra of a Lie groupoid and the Poisson algebra of the corresponding Lie algebroid. The parallel between reduction of symplectic manifolds in classical mechanics and induced representations of groups and C*- algebras in quantum mechanics plays an equally important role. Examples from physics include constrained quantization, curved spaces, magnetic monopoles, gauge theories, massless particles, and $theta$- vacua. Accessible to mathematicians with some prior knowledge of classical and quantum mechanics, and to mathematical physicists and theoretical physicists with some background in functional analysis.