The volume LB IV/15 Diffusion in Gases, Liquids, and Electrolytes is divided into three subvolumes. Part A: Gases in Gases, Liquids and their Mixtures; Part B: Liquids in Liquids and Liquid Mixtures; Part C: Ions and Electrolytes in Liquids, Electrolytes and Molten Salts. This Standard Reference Book contains selected and easily retrievable data from the fields of physics and chemistry collected by acknowledged international scientists.

The function of a filter is to transform a signal into another one more suit able for a given purpose. As such, filters find applications in telecommunica tions, radar, sonar, remote sensing, geophysical signal processing, image pro cessing, and computer vision. Numerous authors have considered deterministic and statistical approaches for the study of passive, active, digital, multidimen sional, and adaptive filters. Most of the filters considered were linear although the theory of nonlinear filters is developing rapidly, as it is evident by the numerous research papers and a few specialized monographs now available. Our research interests in this area created opportunity for cooperation and co authored publications during the past few years in many nonlinear filter families described in this book. As a result of this cooperation and a visit from John Pitas on a research leave at the University of Toronto in September 1988, the idea for this book was first conceived. The difficulty in writing such a mono graph was that the area seemed fragmented and no general theory was available to encompass the many different kinds of filters presented in the literature. However, the similarities of some families of nonlinear filters and the need for such a monograph providing a broad overview of the whole area made the pro ject worthwhile. The result is the book now in your hands, typeset at the Department of Electrical Engineering of the University of Toronto during the summer of 1989."

Information systems for very large applications present problems of scale which generate the need for particular software design techniques. The system used by BT for its customer services is usable as a paradigm for any user operating with a large and complex client base. This book will cover some of the more important systems currently deployed by BT to manage its multi-million customer network, the architecture that guides these systems, the evolving technology from which they are built and the future directions in their evolution. Computing Systems for Global Telecommunications is essential reading for software engineers working on all types of large Operational Support Systems; systems designers working for telecommunications providers; advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students and researchers studying software engineering.

Fluid dynamics is an ancient science incredibly alive today. Modern technol ogy and new needs require a deeper knowledge of the behavior of real fluids, and new discoveries or steps forward pose, quite often, challenging and diffi cult new mathematical {:: oblems. In this framework, a special role is played by incompressible nonviscous (sometimes called perfect) flows. This is a mathematical model consisting essentially of an evolution equation (the Euler equation) for the velocity field of fluids. Such an equation, which is nothing other than the Newton laws plus some additional structural hypo theses, was discovered by Euler in 1755, and although it is more than two centuries old, many fundamental questions concerning its solutions are still open. In particular, it is not known whether the solutions, for reasonably general initial conditions, develop singularities in a finite time, and very little is known about the long-term behavior of smooth solutions. These and other basic problems are still open, and this is one of the reasons why the mathe matical theory of perfect flows is far from being completed. Incompressible flows have been attached, by many distinguished mathe maticians, with a large variety of mathematical techniques so that, today, this field constitutes a very rich and stimulating part of applied mathematics."

This book presents rigorous treatment of boundary value problems in nonlinear theory of shallow shells. The consideration of the problems is carried out using methods of nonlinear functional analysis.

As one of the oldest natural sciences, mechanics occupies a certain pioneering role in determining the development of exact sciences through its interaction with mathematics. As a matter of fact, there is hardly an area in mathematics that hasn't found an application of some form in mechanics. It is thus almost inevitable that theoretical methods in mechanics are highly developed and laid out on different levels of abstraction. With the spread of digital processors this goes as far as the implementation in commercial computer codes, where the user is merely con fronted on the surface with the processes that run in the background, i. e. mechan ics as such: in teaching and research, as well as in the context of industry, me chanics is much more, and must remain much more than the mere production of data with the help of a processor. Mechanics, as it is talked about here, tradition ally includes a wide spectrum, ranging from applied mechanics, analytical and technical mechanics to modeling. and experimental mechanics, as well as technical realization. It also includes the subdisciplines of rigid body mechanics, continuum mechanics, or fluid mechanics, to mention only a few. One of the fundamental and most important concepts used by nearly all natural sciences is the concept of linearization, which assumes the differentiability of mappings. As a matter of fact, all of classical mechanics is based on the avail ability of this quality."

In the present volume numerous descriptions of Ram accelerators are presented. These descriptions provide good overview on the progress made and the present state of the Ram accelerator technology worldwide. In addition, articles describing light gas gun, ballistic range including a chapter dealing with shock waves in solids are given. Along with the technical description of considered facilities, samples of obtained results are also included. Each chapter is written by an expert in the described topic providing a comprehensive description of the discussed phenomena.

Part textbook, part exploratory work, this book aims to raise the awareness of students, physicists, and engineers in turbulence on the modeling of gravitationally induced turbulent mixing flows as produced, for instance, by Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities. The discussion is centered on the differences between single-fluid and two-fluid approaches, and it is illustrated with a 0D analysis of two specific elementary models in common use. Important deviations are shown to appear on many features, among others the prominence of directed energy, the simultaneous restitution of test cases, the responses to variable acceleration and shocks, and the behavior of various length scales.

Spontaneous pattern formation in nonlinear dissipative systems far from equilibrium occurs in a variety of settings in nature and technology, and has applications ranging from nonlinear optics through solid and fluid mechanics, physical chemistry and chemical engineering to biology. This book explores the forefront of current research, describing in-depth the analytical methods that elucidate the complex evolution of nonlinear dissipative systems.

Most books on continuum mechanics focus on elasticity and fluid mechanics. But whether student or practicing professional, modern engineers need a more thorough treatment to understand the behavior of the complex materials and systems in use today. Continuum Mechanics: Elasticity, Plasticity, Viscoelasticity offers a complete tour of the subject that includes not only elasticity and fluid mechanics but also covers plasticity, viscoelasticity, and the continuum model for fatigue and fracture mechanics.

In addition to a broader scope, this book also supplies a review of the necessary mathematical tools and results for a self-contained treatment. The author provides finite element formulations of the equations encountered throughout the chapters and uses an approach with just the right amount of mathematical rigor without being too theoretical for practical use. Working systematically from the continuum model for the thermomechanics of materials, coverage moves through linear and nonlinear elasticity using both tensor and matrix notation, plasticity, viscoelasticity, and concludes by introducing the fundamentals of fracture mechanics and fatigue of metals. Requisite mathematical tools appear in the final chapter for easy reference.

Continuum Mechanics: Elasticity, Plasticity, Viscoelasticity builds a strong understanding of the principles, equations, and finite element formulations needed to solve real engineering problems.

Although the current dynamical system approach offers several important insights into the turbulence problem, issues still remain that present challenges to conventional methodologies and concepts. These challenges call for the advancement and application of new physical concepts, mathematical modeling, and analysis techniques. Bringing together experts from physics, applied mathematics, and engineering, Mathematical and Physical Theory of Turbulence discusses recent progress and some of the major unresolved issues in two- and three-dimensional turbulence as well as scalar compressible turbulence.

Containing introductory overviews as well as more specialized sections, this book examines a variety of turbulence-related topics. The authors concentrate on theory, experiments, computational, and mathematical aspects of Navier-Stokes turbulence; geophysical flows; modeling; laboratory experiments; and compressible/magnetohydrodynamic effects. The topics discussed in these areas include finite-time singularities and inviscid dissipation energy; validity of the idealized model incorporating local isotropy, homogeneity, and universality of small scales of high Reynolds numbers, Lagrangian statistics, and measurements; and subrigid-scale modeling and hybrid methods involving a mix of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS), large-eddy simulations (LES), and direct numerical simulations (DNS).

By sharing their expertise and recent research results, the authoritative contributors in Mathematical and Physical Theory of Turbulence promote further advances in the field, benefiting applied mathematicians, physicists, and engineers involved in understanding the complex issues of the turbulenceproblem.

This book introduces spectral analysis as a means of investigating wave propagation and transient oscillations in structures. After developing the foundations of spectral analysis and the fast Fourier transform algorithm, the book provides a thorough treatment of waves in rods, beams, and plates, and introduces a novel matrix method for analysing complex structures as a collection of waveguides. The presentation includes an introduction to higher-order structural theories, the results of many experimental studies, practical applications, and source-code listings for many programs. An extensive bibliography provides an entry to the research literature. Intended as a textbook for graduate students of aerospace or mechanical engineering, the book will also be of interest to practising engineers in these and related disciplines.

This book by Helmut Wiedemann is a well-established, classic text, providing an in-depth and comprehensive introduction to the field of high-energy particle acceleration and beam dynamics. The present 4th edition has been significantly revised, updated and expanded. The newly conceived Part I is an elementary introduction to the subject matter for undergraduate students. Part II gathers the basic tools in preparation of a more advanced treatment, summarizing the essentials of electrostatics and electrodynamics as well as of particle dynamics in electromagnetic fields. Part III is an extensive primer in beam dynamics, followed, in Part IV, by an introduction and description of the main beam parameters and including a new chapter on beam emittance and lattice design. Part V is devoted to the treatment of perturbations in beam dynamics. Part VI then discusses the details of charged particle acceleration. Parts VII and VIII introduce the more advanced topics of coupled beam dynamics and describe very intense beams - a number of additional beam instabilities are introduced and reviewed in this new edition. Part IX is an exhaustive treatment of radiation from accelerated charges and introduces important sources of coherent radiation such as synchrotrons and free-electron lasers. The appendices at the end of the book gather useful mathematical and physical formulae, parameters and units. Solutions to many end-of-chapter problems are given. This textbook is suitable for an intensive two-semester course starting at the senior undergraduate level.

This volume contains essays that examine the optical works of Giambattista Della Porta, an Italian natural philosopher during the Scientific Revolution. Coverage also explores the science and technology of early modern optics. Della Porta's groundbreaking book, Magia Naturalis (Natural Magic), includes a prototype of the camera. Yet, because of his obsession with magic, Della Porta's scientific achievements are often forgotten. As the contributors argue, his work inspired such great minds as Johanes Kepler and Francis Bacon. After reading this book, researchers, historians, and students will have a better appreciation of this influential scientist. They will also gain a greater understanding of an important period in the history of optics. Readers will learn about Della Porta's experimental method, a process governed by the protocols, aims, and theoretical assumptions of natural magic. Coverage also discusses the material properties and limitations of optical technology in the early 17th century, based on a recently discovered Dutch spyglass. It also demonstrates how diagrams were instrumental in the discovery of the sine law of refraction. In addition, the book includes an in-depth analysis of previously untranslated Latin sources. This makes the material useful to historians of optics unfamiliar with the language. More than 70 illustrations complement the text.

Aviation noise remains the primary hindrance to expansion of airport and airspace capacity in the United States. This book describes the development and practice of U.S. aircraft noise regulation, as well as the practical consequences of regulatory policy. Starting in the pre-jet transport era, the book traces the development of the modern framework for characterizing, standardizing, predicting, disclosing, and mitigating aircraft noise and its effects on airport-vicinity communities. Among other matters, the book treats noise-related consequences of the 1978 deregulation of the airline industry; prediction and mitigation of community reaction to airport noise; land use compatibility planning; recent research and industry trends; and some suggestions for potential improvements to current policy. Initial chapters describe the assumptions underlying aircraft noise regulation, and lay out the chronology of U.S. aircraft noise regulatory practice. Later chapters provide overviews of population-level effects of aviation noise, including health effects, speech and sleep interference, and annoyance. Readers will learn why predictions of the prevalence of aircraft noise-induced annoyance have systematically underestimated adverse community response to aircraft noise, and how such underestimation has complicated approval and funding of airport and airspace improvement projects. They will also learn why attempts at noise-compatible land use planning are seldom fully successful.

Variational principles have proven to be surprisingly fertile. For example, Fermat used variational methods to demonstrate that light follows the fastest route from one point to another, an idea which came to be a cornerstone of geometrical optics. This book explains variational principles and charts their use throughout modern physics. It examines the analytical mechanics of Lagrange and Hamilton, the basic tools of any physicist. The book also offers simple but rich first impressions of Einstein’s General Relativity, Feynman’s Quantum Mechanics, and more that reveal amazing interconnections between various fields of physics.

This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the area of robot mechanisms, primarily considering industrial manipulators and humanoid arms. The book is intended for both teaching and self-study. Emphasis is given to the fundamentals of kinematic analysis and the design of robot mechanisms. The coverage of topics is untypical. The focus is on robot kinematics. The book creates a balance between theoretical and practical aspects in the development and application of robot mechanisms, and includes the latest achievements and trends in robot science and technology.

This book covers the basics of the hydrodynamics and vibration of structures subjected to environmental loads. It describes the interaction of hydrodynamics with the associated vibration of structures, giving simple explanations. Emphasis is placed on the applications of the theory to practical problems. Several case studies are provided to show how the theory outlined in the book is applied in the design of structures. Background material needed for understanding fluid-induced vibrations of structures is given to make the book reasonably self-sufficient. Examples are taken mainly from the novel structures that are of interest today, including ocean and offshore structures and components.Besides being a text for undergraduates, this book can serve as a handy reference for design engineers and consultants involved in the design of structures subjected to dynamics and vibration.

Defects, dislocations and the general theory.- Approaches to generalized continua.- Generalized continuum modelling of crystal plasticity.- Introduction to discrete dislocation dynamics.

The book contains four lectures on generalized continua and dislocation theory, reflecting the treatment of the subject at different scales. G. Maugin provides a continuum formulation of defects at the heart of which lies the notion of the material configuration and the material driving forces of in-homogeneities such as dislocations, disclinations, point defects, cracks, phase-transition fronts and shock waves. C. Sansour and S. Skatulla start with a compact treatment of linear transformation groups with subsequent excursion into the continuum theory of generalized continua. After a critical assessment a unified framework of the same is presented. The next contribution by S. Forest gives an account on generalized crystal plasticity. Finally, H. Zbib provides an account of dislocation dynamics and illustrates its fundamental importance at the smallest scale. In three contributions extensive computational results of many examples are presented.

This volume gathers the latest advances and innovations in the field of flow-induced vibration and noise, as presented by leading international researchers at the 3rd International Symposium on Flow Induced Noise and Vibration Issues and Aspects (FLINOVIA), which was held in Lyon, France, in September 2019. It explores topics such as turbulent boundary layer-induced vibration and noise, tonal noise, noise due to ingested turbulence, fluid-structure interaction problems, and noise control techniques. The authors' backgrounds represent a mix of academia, government, and industry, and several papers include applications to important problems for underwater vehicles, aerospace structures and commercial transportation. The book offers a valuable reference guide for all those interested in measurement, modelling, simulation and reproduction of the flow excitation and flow induced structural response.

Although adaptive filtering and adaptive array processing began with research and development efforts in the late 1950's and early 1960's, it was not until the publication of the pioneering books by Honig and Messerschmitt in 1984 and Widrow and Stearns in 1985 that the field of adaptive signal processing began to emerge as a distinct discipline in its own right. Since 1984 many new books have been published on adaptive signal processing, which serve to define what we will refer to throughout this book as conventional adaptive signal processing. These books deal primarily with basic architectures and algorithms for adaptive filtering and adaptive array processing, with many of them emphasizing practical applications. Most of the existing textbooks on adaptive signal processing focus on finite impulse response (FIR) filter structures that are trained with strategies based on steepest descent optimization, or more precisely, the least mean square (LMS) approximation to steepest descent. While literally hundreds of archival research papers have been published that deal with more advanced adaptive filtering concepts, none of the current books attempt to treat these advanced concepts in a unified framework. The goal of this new book is to present a number of important, but not so well known, topics that currently exist scattered in the research literature. The book also documents some new results that have been conceived and developed through research conducted at the University of Illinois during the past five years.

This third issue on "progress in turbulence" is based on the third ITI conference (ITI interdisciplinary turbulence initiative), which took place in Bertinoro, North Italy. Researchers from the engineering and physical sciences gathered to present latest results on the rather notorious difficult and essentially unsolved problem of turbulence. This challenge is driving us in doing basic as well as applied research. Clear progress can be seen from these contributions in different aspects. New - phisticated methods achieve more and more insights into the underlying compl- ity of turbulence. The increasing power of computational methods allows studying flows in more details. Increasing demands of high precision large turbulence - periments become aware. In further applications turbulence seem to play a central issue. As such a new field this time the impact of turbulence on the wind energy conversion process has been chosen. Beside all progress our ability to numerically calculate high Reynolds number turbulent flows from Navier-Stokes equations at high precision, say the drag co- ficient of an airfoil below one percent, is rather limited, not to speak of our lack of knowledge to compute this analytically from first principles. This is rather - markable since the fundamental equations of fluid flow, the Navier-Stokes eq- tions, have been known for more than 150 years.

Market: Acousticians, research scientists, instructors, and graduate and advanced undergraduate students in nonlinear acoustics. This book contains a collection of papers by authors of the Former Soviet Union. The topics covered are media with "structural" nonlinearities, optical generation of sound, acoustic beat-wave interactions, acoustic shock waves, thermal self-focusing of acoustic waves, solitons, statistical nonlinear acoustics, media with relaxation and oscillatory degrees of freedom, parametric arrays, and fluid cavitation.

Presenting a novel approach to wave theory, this book applies mathematical modeling to the investigation of sea waves. It presents problems, solutions and methods, and explores issues such as statistical properties of sea waves, generation of turbulence, Benjamin-Feir instability and the development of wave fields under the action of wind. Special attention is paid to the processes of dynamic wind-wave interaction, the formation of freak waves, as well as the role that sea waves play in the dynamic ocean/atmosphere system. It presents theoretical results which are followed by a description of the algorithms used in the development of wave forecasting models, and provides illustrations to assist understanding of the various models presented. This book provides an invaluable resource to oceanographers, specialists in fluid dynamics and advanced students interested in investigation of the widely known but poorly investigated phenomenon of sea waves.