The intention of this booklet is a brief but general introduction into the treatment of the Finite Element Method (FEM). The FEM has become the leading method in computer-oriented mechanics, so that many scienti?c brancheshavegrownup besides overthelastdecades. Nevertheless,theFEM today is a question of economy. On the one hand its industrial application is forced to reduce product development costs and time, on the other hand a large number of commercial FEM codes and a still growing number of software for e?ective pre- and postprocessors are available in the meantime. Due to that, today it is a quite challenging task to operate with all these di?erent tools at the same time and to understand all handling and so- tion techniques developed over the last years. So, we want to help in getting a deeper insight into the main "interfaces" between the "customers of the FEM" and the codes itself by providing a totally open structured FE-code based on Matlab, which is a very powerful tool in operating with matrix based formulations. That idea and conditions forced us some years ago to initiateDAEdalon as a tool for general FE developments in research appli- tions. In spite of still existing high sophisticated - mostly commercial - FE codes, the success and the acceptance of such a structured tool justify that decision afterwards more and more.

An exciting new development has taken place in the digital era that has captured the imagination and talent of researchers around the globe - wavelet image compression. This technology has deep roots in theories of vision, and promises performance improvements over all other compression methods, such as those based on Fourier transforms, vectors quantizers, fractals, neural nets, and many others. It is this revolutionary new technology that is presented in Wavelet Image and Video Compression, in a form that is accessible to the largest audience possible. Wavelet Image and Video Compression is divided into four parts. Part I, Background Material, introduces the basic mathematical structures that underly image compression algorithms with the intention of providing an easy introduction to the mathematical concepts that are prerequisites for the remainder of the book. It explains such topics as change of bases, scalar and vector quantization, bit allocation and rate-distortion theory, entropy coding, the discrete-cosine transform, wavelet filters and other related topics. Part II, Still Image Coding, presents a spectrum of wavelet still image coding techniques. Part III, Special Topics in Still Image Coding, provides a variety of example coding schemes with a special flavor in either approach or application domain. Part IV, Video Coding, examines wavelet and pyramidal coding techniques for video data. Wavelet Image and Video Compression serves as an excellent reference and may be used as a text for advanced courses covering the subject.

This book gives state-of-the-art information about recent developments in the field of computational modeling of solid materials at finite strains. It contains papers presented at the IUTAM Symposium on Computational Mechanics of Solid Materials at Large Strains. Today, computational methods and simulation techniques play a central role in advancing the understanding of complex material behavior. Material behavior is nowadays modeled in the strongly nonlinear range by taking into account finite strains, complex hysteresis effect, fracture phenomena and multiscale features. Progress in this field is of fundamental importance for many engineering disciplines, especially those concerned with material testing, safety, reliability and serviceability analyses of engineering structures. This book summarizes recent progress in the modeling of solid materials undergoing deformations large strains, where the mathematical and computational analysis is highly challenging due to the nonlinear geometry. A further key aspect of the volume is the modeling of multiscale characteristics of materials by homogenization approaches and variational methods. The volume provides a state of the art survey about theoretical and computational approaches to (i) modeling of large-strain elastic and inelastic deformations of solids on different length scales, (ii) mathematical analysis of finite inelastic deformations of solids based on incremental variational formulations for non-convex problems with microstructure developments and (iii) homogenization methods for the determination of effective overall properties of heterogeneous materials. The book allows researchers and engineers to get an excellent overview aboutthe computational methods for solid materials at finite strains.

The Nonuniform Discrete Fourier Transform and its Applications in Signal Processing is organized into seven chapters. Chapter 1 introduces the problem of computing frequency samples of the z-transform of a finite-length sequence, and reviews the existing techniques. Chapter 2 develops the basics of the NDFT including its definition, properties and computational aspects. The NDFT is also extended to two dimensions. The ideas introduced here are utilized to develop applications of the NDFT in the following four chapters. Chapter 3 proposes a nonuniform frequency sampling technique for designing 1-D FIR digital filters. Design examples are presented for various types of filters. Chapter 4 utilizes the idea of the 2-D NDFT to design nonseparable 2-D FIR filters of various types. The resulting filters are compared with those designed by other existing methods and the performances of some of these filters are investigated by applying them to the decimation of digital images. Chapter 5 develops a design technique for synthesizing antenna patterns with nulls placed at desired angles to cancel interfering signals coming from these directions. Chapter 6 addresses the application of the NDFT in decoding dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signals and presents an efficient decoding algorithm based on the subband NDFT (SB-NDFT), which achieves a fast, approximate computation of the NDFT. Concluding remarks are included in Chapter 7. The Nonuniform Discrete Fourier Transform and its Applications in Signal Processing serves as an excellent reference for researchers.

This book presents new insights into Leibniz's research on planetary theory and his system of pre-established harmony. Although some aspects of this theory have been explored in the literature, others are less well known. In particular, the book offers new contributions on the connection between the planetary theory and the theory of gravitation. It also provides an in-depth discussion of Kepler's influence on Leibniz's planetary theory and more generally, on Leibniz's concept of pre-established harmony. Three initial chapters presenting the mathematical and physical details of Leibniz's works provide a frame of reference. The book then goes on to discuss research on Leibniz's conception of gravity and the connection between Leibniz and Kepler.

The present Volume 4 of the successful monograh package Multiphase Flow Dynamics is devoted to selected Chapters of the multiphase fluid dynamics that are important for practical applications but did not find place in the previous volumes. The state of the art of the turbulence modeling in multiphase flows is presented. As introduction, some basics of the single phase boundary layer theory including some important scales and flow oscillation characteristics in pipes and rod bundles are presented. Then the scales characterizing the dispersed flow systems are presented. The description of the turbulence is provided at different level of complexity: simple algebraic models for eddy viscosity, simple algebraic models based on the Boussinesq hypothesis, modification of the boundary layer share due to modification of the bulk turbulence, modification of the boundary layer share due to nucleate boiling. The role of the following forces on the mathematical description of turbulent flows is discussed: the lift force, the lubrication force in the wall boundary layer, and the dispersion force. A pragmatic generalization of the k-eps models for continuous velocity field is proposed containing flows in large volumes and flows in porous structures. A Methods of how to derive source and sinks terms for multiphase k-eps models is presented. A set of 13 single- and two phase benchmarks for verification of k-eps models in system computer codes are provided and reproduced with the IVA computer code as an example of the application of the theory. This methodology is intended to help other engineers and scientists to introduce this technology step-by-step in their own engineering practice.

In many practical application gases are solved in liquids under given conditions, released under other conditions and therefore affecting technical processes for good of for bad. Useful information on the solubility of oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen and carbon dioxide in water under large interval of pressures and temperatures is collected, and appropriate mathematical approximation functions are provided. In addition methods for the computation of the diffusion coefficients are described. With this information solution and dissolution dynamics in multiphase fluid flows can be analyzed. For this purpose the non-equilibrium absorption and release on bubble, droplet and film surfaces under different conditions is mathematically described.

A systematic set of internally consistent state equations for diesel fuel gas and liquid valid in broad range of changing pressure and temperature is provided.

This new second edition includes various updates, extensions, improvements and corrections.

In many practical application gases are solved in liquids under given conditions, released under other conditions and therefore affecting technical processes for good of for bad. Useful information on the solubility of oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen and carbon dioxide in water under large interval of pressures and temperatures is collected, and appropriate mathematical approximation functions are provided. In addition methods for the computation of the diffusion coefficients are described. With this information solution and dissolution dynamics in multiphase fluid flows can be analyzed. For this purpose the non-equilibrium absorption and release on bubble, droplet and film surfaces under different conditions is mathematically described.

A systematic set of internally consistent state equations for diesel fuel gas and liquid valid in broad range of changing pressure and temperature is provided.

This new second edition includes various updates, extensions, improvements and corrections.

This book is a collection of papers presented at a symposium held in honor of Sidney Leibovich. According all papers deal with mathematical or computational aspects of fluid dynamics applied mostly to atmospheric or oceanographic problems. All contributions are research papers having not only the specialist but also graduate students in mind.

This book is a compilation of selected papers from the 2014 New Trends in Fatigue and Fracture (NT2F14) Conference, which was held in Belgrade, Serbia. This prestigious conference brought together delegates from around the globe to discuss how to characterize, predict and analyze the fatigue and fracture of engineering materials, components, and structures using theoretical, experimental, numerical and practical approaches. It highlights some important new trends in fracture mechanics presented at the conference, such as: * two-parameter fracture mechanics, arising from the coupling of fracture toughness and stress constraints * high-performance steel for gas and oil transportation and production (pressure vessels and boilers) * safety and reliability of welded joints This book includes 12 contributions from well-known international scientists and a special tribute dedicated to the scientific contributions of Stojan Sedmark, who passed away in 2014.

This authored monograph provides a detailed discussion of the boundary layer flow due to a moving plate. The topical focus lies on the 2- and 3-dimensional case, considering axially symmetric and unsteady flows. The author derives a criterion for the self-similar and non-similar flow, and the turbulent flow due to a stretching or shrinking sheet is also discussed. The target audience primarily comprises research experts in the field of boundary layer flow, but the book will also be beneficial for graduate students.

What is Dynamics about? In broad terms, the goal of Dynamics is to describe the long term evolution of systems for which an "infinitesimal" evolution rule is known. Examples and applications arise from all branches of science and technology, like physics, chemistry, economics, ecology, communications, biology, computer science, or meteorology, to mention just a few. These systems have in common the fact that each possible state may be described by a finite (or infinite) number of observable quantities, like position, velocity, temperature, concentration, population density, and the like. Thus, m the space of states (phase space) is a subset M of an Euclidean space M . Usually, there are some constraints between these quantities: for instance, for ideal gases pressure times volume must be proportional to temperature. Then the space M is often a manifold, an n-dimensional surface for some n < m. For continuous time systems, the evolution rule may be a differential eq- tion: to each state x G M one associates the speed and direction in which the system is going to evolve from that state. This corresponds to a vector field X(x) in the phase space. Assuming the vector field is sufficiently regular, for instance continuously differentiable, there exists a unique curve tangent to X at every point and passing through x: we call it the orbit of x.

The feasibility to extract porous medium parameters from acoustic recordings is investigated. The thesis gives an excellent discussion of our basic understanding of different wave modes, using a full-waveform and multi-component approach. Focus lies on the dependency on porosity and permeability where especially the latter is difficult to estimate. In this thesis, this sensitivity is shown for interface-wave and reflected-wave modes. For each of the pseudo-Rayleigh and pseudo-Stoneley interface waves unique estimates for permeability and porosity can be obtained when impedance and attenuation are combined.
The pseudo-Stoneley wave is most sensitive to permeability: both the impedance and the attenuation are controlled by the fluid flow. Also from reflected-wave modes unique estimates for permeability and porosity can be obtained when the reflection coefficients of different reflected modes are combined. In this case the sensitivity to permeability is caused by subsurface heterogeneities generating mesoscopic fluid flow at seismic frequencies. The results of this thesis suggest that estimation of in-situ permeability is feasible, provided detection is carried out with multi-component measurements. The results of this thesis argely affect geotechnical and reservoir engineering practices.

This book focuses on the way in which the problem of the motion of bodies has been viewed and approached over the course of human history. It is not another traditional history of mechanics but rather aims to enable the reader to fully understand the deeper ideas that inspired men, first in attempting to understand the mechanisms of motion and then in formulating theories with predictive as well as explanatory value. Given this objective, certain parts of the history of mechanics are neglected, such as fluid mechanics, statics and astronomy after Newton. On the other hand, due attention is paid, for example, to the history of thermodynamics, which has its own particular point of view on motion. Inspired in part by historical epistemology, the book examines the various views and theories of a given historical period (synchronic analysis) and then makes comparisons between different periods (diachronic analysis). In each period, one or two of the most meaningful contributions are selected for particular attention, instead of presenting a long inventory of scientific achievements.

This volume presents a carefully written introduction to nonlinear waves in the natural sciences and engineering. It contains many classical results as well as more recent results, dealing with topics such as the forced Korteweg--de Vries equation and material relating to X-ray crystallography. The volume contains nine chapters. Chapter 1 concerns asymptotics and nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Conservation laws are discussed in Chapter 2, and Chapter 3 considers water waves. The scattering and inverse scattering method is described in Chapter 4, which also contains a full explanation of using the inverse scattering method for finding 1-, 2- and 3-soliton solutions of the Korteweg--de Vries equation. After dealing with the Burgers equation in Chapter 5, Chapter 6 discusses the forced Korteweg--de Vries equations. Here the emphasis is on steady-state bifurcations and unsteady-state periodic soliton generation. The Sine--Gordon and nonlinear SchrAdinger equations are the subject of Chapter 7. The final two chapters consider wave instability and resonance. Every chapter contains problems and exercises, together with guidance for their solution. The volume concludes with some appendices which describe symbolic derivations of certain results on solitons. Several user-friendly MATHEMATICA packages are included. The prerequisite for using this book is a background knowledge of basic physics, linear algebra and differential equations. For graduates and researchers in mathematics, physics and engineering wishing to have a good introduction to nonlinear wave theory and its applications. This volume is also highly recommended as a course book.

Papers of the Paris meeting in June 1990 on Local Group Galaxies, molecules in early-type galaxies, observations of spiral structure in molecular clouds, a comparison with other gaseous components and IR emission, interacting galaxies and starbursts, gas and star dynamics, galaxy evolution, IRAS ult

This book constitutes the first single-volume, English-language treatise on electromagnetic wave propagation across the frequency spectrum.

Computational Fluid Dynamics: An Introduction grew out of a von Karman Institute (VKI) Lecture Series by the same title ?rst presented in 1985 and repeated with modi?cations every year since that time. The objective, then and now, was to present the subject of computational ?uid dynamics (CFD) to an audience unfamiliar with all but the most basic numerical techniques and to do so in such a way that the practical application of CFD would become clear to everyone. A second edition appeared in 1995 with updates to all the chapters and when that printing came to an end, the publisher requested that the editor and authors consider the preparation of a third edition. Happily, the authors received the request with enthusiasm. The third edition has the goal of presenting additional updates and clari?cations while preserving the introductory nature of the material. The book is divided into three parts. John Anderson lays out the subject in Part I by ?rst describing the governing equations of ?uid dynamics, concentrating on their mathematical properties which contain the keys to the choice of the numerical approach. Methods of discretizing the equations are discussed and transformation techniques and grids are presented. Two examples of numerical methods close out this part of the book: source and vortex panel methods and the explicit method. Part II is devoted to four self-contained chapters on more advanced material. Roger Grundmann treats the boundary layer equations and methods of solution.

This thesis transports you to a wonderful and fascinating small-scale world and tells you the origin of several new phenomena. The investigative tool is the improved discrete dislocation-based multi-scale approaches, bridging the continuum modeling and atomistic simulation. Mechanism-based theoretical models are put forward to conveniently predict the mechanical responses and defect evolution. The findings presented in this thesis yield valuable new guidelines for microdevice design, reliability analysis and defect tuning.

This volume of proceedings contains the papers from the third in a successful series of conferences organized by the Deutscher Verband fur Materialforschung undprufung DVM]. The purpose of the conference was to review methods of improving the performance of materials and structures and to extend working life, especially under complex loading conditions such as environmental attack and high temperature degradation as well as providing a comprehensive evaluation of recent progress in low cycle fatigue and elasto-plastic behaviour of materials. Safe design and effective operation of highly stressed structures rely on the extensive use of mechanical approaches and micromechanics analysis to predict the deformation and fracture response of materials in service. Because of the need to create greater confidence in the engineering world in advanced materials as efficient replacements for conventional materials, many of the papers emphasize the role of new materials and emerging technology.

One of the most intriguing questions in image processing is the problem of recovering the desired or perfect image from a degraded version. In many instances one has the feeling that the degradations in the image are such that relevant information is close to being recognizable, if only the image could be sharpened just a little. This monograph discusses the two essential steps by which this can be achieved, namely the topics of image identification and restoration. More specifically the goal of image identifi cation is to estimate the properties of the imperfect imaging system (blur) from the observed degraded image, together with some (statistical) char acteristics of the noise and the original (uncorrupted) image. On the basis of these properties the image restoration process computes an estimate of the original image. Although there are many textbooks addressing the image identification and restoration problem in a general image processing setting, there are hardly any texts which give an indepth treatment of the state-of-the-art in this field. This monograph discusses iterative procedures for identifying and restoring images which have been degraded by a linear spatially invari ant blur and additive white observation noise. As opposed to non-iterative methods, iterative schemes are able to solve the image restoration problem when formulated as a constrained and spatially variant optimization prob In this way restoration results can be obtained which outperform the lem. results of conventional restoration filters."

On September 15, 2017, the Cassini spacecraft sent its final transmission to the Earth as it entered the atmosphere of Saturn, ending its historic 13 year mission at the ringed planet. This book is a beautifully illustrated journey of discovery through the Saturn system. Cassini's instruments have revealed never seen before details, including the only extraterrestrial lakes known in the solar system, and have provided unprecedented views of the rings, moons, and the planet itself. Results from Cassini's dramatic Grand Finale of ring-grazing and planet-skimming orbits are included in this expanded and updated second edition. Saturn is the jewel of the solar system. The Cassini spacecraft has been exploring the ringed planet and its moons and rings since 2004 and has helped us solve many of its mysteries while generating a wealth of new questions. Cassini has observed the bizarre mountains of Iapetus, the geysers of Enceladus, the lakes of Titan, and the dynamic and evolving rings. Along the way, this book explores and explains the fundamental processes that shape not just the Saturn system, but planets and moons in general. Written for the general audience with an emphasis on the fundamental physics of planetary systems, The Ringed Planet is a fascinating exploration of the Saturn system that places Saturn in the context of the solar system as a whole. Cassini's instruments have revealed Enceladus and Titan to have subsurface oceans of liquid water. Its cameras have returned stunning images of rings in turmoil, a tumbling moon, the only extraterrestrial lakes known in the solar system, a hexagon of clouds, some of the highest mountains in the solar system and much more. More than a journey of discovery at Saturn, The Ringed Planet is also an introduction to how planetary systems work.

In the last quarter century, delamination has come to mean more than just a failure in adhesion between layers of bonded composite plies that might affect their load-bearing capacity. Ever-increasing computer power has meant that we can now detect and analyze delamination between, for example, cell walls in solid wood. This fast-moving and critically important field of study is covered in a book that provides everyone from manufacturers to research scientists the state of the art in wood delamination studies. Divided into three sections, the book first details the general aspects of the subject, from basic information including terminology, to the theoretical basis for the evaluation of delamination. A settled terminology in this subject area is a first key goal of the book, as the terms which describe delamination in wood and wood-based composites are numerous and often confusing. The second section examines different and highly specialized methods for delamination detection such as confocal laser scanning microscopy, light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and ultrasonics. Ways in which NDE (non-destructive evaluation) can be employed to detect and locate defects are also covered. The book's final section focuses on the practical aspects of this defect in a wide range of wood products covering the spectrum from trees, logs, laminated panels and glued laminated timbers to parquet floors. Intended as a primary reference, this book covers everything from the microscopic, anatomical level of delamination within solid wood sections to an examination of the interface of wood and its surface coatings. It provides readers with the perspective of industry as well as laboratory and is thus a highly practical sourcebook for wood engineers working in manufacturing as well as a comprehensively referenced text for materials scientists wrestling with the theory underlying the subject.

The first part aims at providing the physical and theoretical framework of the analysis of density variations in fully turbulent flows. Its scope is deliberately educational.
In the second part, basic data on dynamical and scalar properties of variable density turbulent flows are presented and discussed, based on experimental data and/or results from direct numerical simulations. This part is rather concerned with a research audience.
The last part is more directly devoted to an engineering audience and deals with prediction methods for turbulent flows of variable density fluid. Both first and second order, single point modeling are discussed, with special emphasis on the capability to include specific variable density / compressibility effects.