In the middle of 1979 Rhodesia formed one leg of the triad of southern Africa's remaining white-ruled states. The country appeared no closer to peace and majority rule than it had at any time since Ian Smith's 1965 Unilateral Declaration of Independence. But by the end of that year a remarkable agreement had been forged that ended Rhodesia's rebell

This volume explores some of the key features of popular politics and resistance before and after 1994. It explores continuities and changes in the forms of struggle and ideologies involved, as well as the significance of post-apartheid grassroots politics. Is this a new form of politics or does it stand as a direct descendent of the insurrectionary impulses of the late apartheid era? The scale of popular protest in the 2000s does not rival that of the 1970s and 1980s, but posing questions about continuity and change before and after 1994, as some of these papers do, in itself raises key issues concerning the nature of power and poverty in the country. Contributors suggest that expressions of popular politics are deeply set within South African political culture and still have the capacity to influence political outcomes. Some chapters address pre-1994 conflicts and movements, some post-1994, and some straddle the two periods. The introduction by William Beinart links the papers together, places them in context of recent literature on popular politics and "history from below," and summarises their main findings, supporting the argument that popular politics outside of the party system remains significant in South Africa and have helped to influence national politics. The roots of this collection lie in post-graduate student research conducted at the University of Oxford in the early twenty-first century.

This collective volume analyzes the link between European expansion and international migration. First the book surveys long distance migration and attempts to establish the relative quantitative volume of various movements. Secondly, attention is paid to demographic, socio-economic and cultural differences which existed and still exist between international migrants from Europe, Africa and Asia. In the third and last section, a balance sheet of various migration movements is drawn up, attempting to predict the future of intercontinental migration now that Europe has virtually dissolved its empires.

Throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries the colonial administrations in British East-Central African colonies considered inter-racial sexual liaisons to be a serious and recurrent "problem". Consequently, inter-racial sexual liaisons (concubinage and marriage) and the mixed race progeny that resulted from these liaisons led to protracted discussions and enactment of policies which addressed questions about concubinage, marriage, racial identity, sexual morality, and the status of persons of mixed race in British East-Central Africa. Using archival sources and secondary literature, the author highlights how colonial inter-racial intimate encounters became intertwined with conceptions of 'race' and what it meant to be European, African ("native") and racially mixed. Intended for students and scholars interested in the study of 'race' and sexuality in colonial Africa, the book will provide an understanding of why inter-racial liaisons despite of rigid racial barriers were not easy to legislate against.

This bold, popularizing synthesis presents a readily accessible introduction to one of the major themes of the twentieth-century world history. Between 1922, when self-government was restored to Egypt, and 1994, when non-racial democracy was achieved in South Africa, no less than 54 new nations were established in Africa. Written within the parameters of African history, as opposed to imperial history, this study charts the process of nationalism, liberation and independence that recast the political map of Africa in these years. Ranging from Algeria in the North, where a French colonial government used armed force to combat the Algerian aspirations of home rule, to the final overthrow of apartheid in the South, this is an authoritative survey that will be welcomed by all students tackling this complex and challenging topic.

This volume studies the architecture and urbanism of modern-era Italian colonialism (1869-1943) as it sought to build colonies in North and East Africa and the eastern Mediterranean. Mia Fuller follows, not only the design of the physical architecture, but also the development of colonial design theory, based on the assumptions made about the colonized, and also the application of modernist theory to both Italian architecture and that of its colonies.

Moderns Abroad is the first book to present an overview of Italian colonial architecture and city planning. In chronicling Italian architects' attempts to define a distinctly Italian colonial architecture that would set Italy apart from Britain and France, it provides a uniquely comparative study of Italian colonialism and architecture that will be of interest to specialists in modern architecture, colonial studies, and Italian studies alike.

This book examines the cultural trauma of the Indian Emergency through a reading of five seminal novels. It discusses the Emergency as an event that prompted the writing of several notable novels attempting to preserve the silenced and fading memory of its human rights violations and suspension of democracy. The author reads works by Salman Rushdie, Shashi Tharoor, Nayantara Sahgal and Rohinton Mistry in conjunction with government white papers, political speeches, memoirs, biographies and history. The book explores the betrayal of the Nehruvian idea of India and democracy by Indira Gandhi and analyses the political and cultural amnesia among the general populace in the decades following the Emergency. At a time when debates around freedom of speech and expression have become critical to literary and political discourses, this book will be of great interest to scholars and researchers of English literature, cultural studies, postcolonial studies, media studies, political studies, sociology, history and for general readers as well.

This book reconceptualises the idea of communalism in independent India. It locates the changing contours of politics and religion in the country from the colonial times to the present day, and makes an important intervention in understanding the relationship between communalism and communal violence. It evaluates the role of state, media, civil societies, political parties, and other actors in the process as well as ideas such as secularism, nationalism, minority rights and democracy. Using new conceptual tools and an interdisciplinary approach, the work challenges the conventional understanding of communalism as time and context independent. This second edition includes a Foreword by Romila Thapar and an Afterword by Dipesh Chakrabarty, along with a new Introduction which revaluate the trajectory of communal politics in contemporary India, and question how secularism has come to be understood today. This topical volume will be useful to scholars and researchers in South Asian politics, political science, history, sociology and social anthropology, as well as the interested general reader.

The 20th century witnessed the large-scale displacement and dispersal of populations across the world because of major political upheavals, among them the two European wars, decolonization and the Cold War. These major events were followed by globalization which accelerated free trade and the mobility of capital, new technologies of communication, and the movement of people, commodities, ideas, and cultures across the world. This book explores the complexity of African migration and diaspora, the discourse of 'diaspora engagement' and new models of citizenship and transnationalism in the context of these issues. This book was originally published as a special issue of African and Black Diaspora: An International Journal.

This new volume examines the processes of cultural exchange as they occurred in 'empire building, ' looking at Early Mesopotamia, Africa, Greece, Japan, India, the Arab world, and empires in other parts of the globe. The articles draw upon a variety of disciplines from the social sciences and the humanities, a feature not often found in other readers. Unlike other books on world civilizations, this text strives to develop a consistent theme as it focuses on the manner in which imperial authority and cultural interaction worked through different bureaucracies in various empires. The articles also help students understand the cross-cultural interactions and historical events that have laid the foundation for our modern global society.

This book also contains useful maps and supplements consisting of images to assist students in visualizing and understanding the textual material. This new text is ideal for courses in world history prior to 1650.

The decolonization of the European colonies in Africa and Asia was perhaps the most important historical process of the 20th century. Within less than two decades from 1947 to the mid-1960s several colonial empires disappeared and scores of new nations became independent. Altogether it had taken more than three centuries to expand and consolidate these empires, yet it took less than twenty years for colonialism to become an anachronism.
This essential companion to the process of decolonization includes thematic chapters as well as a detailed chronology, a thorough glossary, biographies of key figures, suggestions for further reading, maps and a guide to sources. Examining decolonization in Africa, Asia, the Caribbean and the Pacific this guide explores:
- The global context for decolonization
- Nationalism and the rise of resistance movements
- Resistance by white settlers to moves towards independence
- Hong Kong and Macau and decolonization in the late 20th century
- Debates surrounding neo-colonialism, and the rise of 'development' projects and aid
- The legacy of colonialism in law, education, administration and the military
An invaluable resource for students and scholars of the colonial and post-colonial eras, this volume is an indispensable guide to the reshaping of the world in the 20th century.

Postcolonial states and metropolitan societies still grapple today with the divisive and difficult legacies unleashed by settler colonialism.
Whether they were settled for trade or geopolitical reasons, these settler communities had in common their shaping of landholding, laws, and race relations in colonies throughout the world. By looking at the detail of settlements in the twentieth century--from European colonial projects in Africa and expansionist efforts by the Japanese in Korea and Manchuria, to the Germans in Poland and the historical trajectories of Israel/Palestine and South Africa--and analyzing the dynamics set in motion by these settlers, the contributors to this volume establish points of comparison to offer a new framework for understanding the character and fate of twentieth-century empires.

Rhodesia's illegal Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) in 1965 is an act that not only shaped regional politics but also had a profound effect on Britain's attempt to retreat from its empire. This edited collection brings together leading voices in the field, whose contributions - on the role of finance, 'big business', and the regional and international actors involved in the country's negotiated independence - update long-held historiographical wisdoms, signalling a revival in economic and diplomatic explanations for the country's decolonisation. In particular, they shed fresh light on the role(s) played in the decolonisation of Zimbabwe by economic (private business) and political (liberation movements, Western and Southern African governments) actors that until now have been studied with very limited access to primary sources. As scholarship on Zimbabwe is currently dominated by studies that seek to understand the 'crisis' in which the country has recently found itself, this collection acts as a clarion call that reinforces the importance of studies of earlier historical processes. In doing so, the book provides a more nuanced understanding of the continuities and discontinuities between Zimbabwe's colonial and postcolonial history, and examines the roles played by external governments and individuals in the decolonisation of Zimbabwe. This book was originally published as a special issue of The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History.

This book takes the urban space as a starting point for thinking about practices, actors, narratives, and imaginations within articulations of memory. The social protests and mobilizations against colonial statues are examples of how past injustice and violence keep on shaping debates in the present. Following an interdisciplinary approach, the contributions to this book focus on the in/visibility and affective power of monuments and traces through political, activist, and artistic contestations in different geographical settings. They show that memories are shaped in contact zones, most often in conflict and within hierarchical social relations. The notion of decentered memory shifts the perspective to relationships between imperial centers and margins, remembrance and erasure, nationalistic tendencies and migration. This plurality of connections emerges around unfinished histories of violence and resistance that are reflected in monuments and traces.

This book examines the relationship between coloniser and colonised among the Italian-held Dodecanese Islands between 1912 and 1943, and is based on an oral history project conducted between 1990 and 1995. Italian power is described as having been negotiated, resisted and modified by locals, who admired many aspects of Italian rule without according the regime any legitimacy. This ethnographic history challenges standard views on Italian colonialism and Greek nationalism, and reflects on contemporary questions regarding historical memory, political culture and social identity.

Unstructuring Chinese Society is a culmination of long term field work and archival research that challenges existing theories of social organisation and cultural change. The book makes new sense of historical contradictions, political conflicts and deep seated social transformations that have underlined the experience of colonial rule and the practices of local institutions in Hong Kong over the past century. By focusing on the ongoing interactions of discourse, practices and global-local relations in cultural terms, Unstructuring Chinese Society puts forth a fresh perspective in the field of historical anthropology, while addressing ongoing critical concerns in postcolonial theory and our understanding of tradition and modernity.

Much has been written about the origins of the great push which led Europe to colonise sub-Saharan Africa at the end of the nineteenth century. This book provides a new perspective on this controversial subject by focussing on Europe and a range of empire-building states, Germany, France, Italy and Portugal. The essays in this volume consider economic themes in addition to the political and cultural aspects of the transition from commerce to colonies.
Unlike other texts on the subject, this refreshing new volume redresses many imbalances, by:
*considering of a number of empire building states, instead of just one of them
*Giving prominence to powers other than Britain
*Giving weight to economic themes without losing sight of the equally important political and cultural aspects of the transition from commerce to colonies
*Taking the analysis beyond the 1880s, and revealing the broader picture - covering the time of the first attacks against the slave trade (during the 1780s) to the premise of the 'scramble' (1880s)
*Reviewing the colonial process (excepting that of Great Britain) as the reaffirmation and exacerbation of the Ancien Regime, and as a reflection of the highest form of mercantilism rather than the highest form of capitalism
*Illuminating the importance of circumstantial phenomena, at the scale of Europe and of its different countries.
By emphasizing the variety of those involved, and the diversity of regional and local situations, this book shows how necessary it is to link the general history of ideas, national- and micro-history. The contributors suggest a true cosmopolitan history of imperialism, one which is of great relevance in our times ofglobalization and reconstruction since September 11th, 2001.

This edited collection examines the realities of the last remnants of the European colonial empires in the Caribbean, namely the British, Dutch and French overseas territories. Although known and perhaps infamous for their role as high-end tourist destinations and financial centres, these small jurisdictions are complex and multifaceted places. While this volume considers their role as financial centres, it does so from alternative and original perspectives by examining how the sector shapes the internal dynamics of these Caribbean societies, and how it is itself shaped by global trends. A range of contributions is included that highlight other key issues. Political relations between the territories and their metropolitan centres and with the European Union are the focus of several chapters, highlighting the stresses and strains, and in many cases the unfulfilled expectations of devolved governance. Further chapters describe the economic instability and factors of political conflict faced by some of these societies and the available options to address them. Finally, several chapters reflect more specifically on the territories' internal social and ethnic dynamics, and the hierarchies and inequalities that result. Bringing together a variety of different disciplinary perspectives, from political science to sociology, and from anthropology to geography, this book will be of great interest to any academic or student who wishes to see how an often overlooked part of the world is actually a key site of socio-economic transformation and a crucial nexus in global affairs. Sebastien Chauvin is a sociologist and an Associate Professor at the Institut des Sciences Sociales at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland. His research deals with immigration, citizenship, gender, sexuality, law and labour in France and the USA. With Bruno Cousin, he has also developed a multi-sited research programme on social and symbolic capital and the cultural sociology of economic elites, with a focus on Western Europe (elite male social club sociability), the Caribbean region (Saint-Barthelemy), and new forms of conspicuous consumption among the global super-rich. His other ongoing writing explores the intersections of race, nationalism, sexuality and citizenship in the Netherlands, France and the USA. Peter Clegg is Associate Professor in Politics and Head of the Department of Health and Social Sciences at the University of the West of England, Bristol, UK. He was formerly Visiting Research Fellow at both KITLV/Royal Netherlands Institute of South East Asian and Caribbean Studies, Leiden, Netherlands, and at the Sir Arthur Lewis Institute of Social and Economic Studies (SALISES), University of the West Indies, Jamaica. His main research interests focus on contemporary developments within the United Kingdom Overseas Territories and the international political economy of the Caribbean. Bruno Cousin is Assistant Professor of Sociology at Sciences Po, France, and an affiliate of the Centre of European Studies and Comparative Politics (CEE), France. Previously, he was Assistant Professor at the University of Lille, France, and Postdoctoral Research Fellow at Harvard University, USA, and has held visiting positions at NYU, the University of Amsterdam and Birkbeck. His research interests focus on class relations, residential segregation, social capital and forms of bourgeois sociability, and the modes of elites' legitimization. He is currently conducting research with Sebastien Chauvin on Saint-Barthelemy (French West Indies), whose first results have been published in Ethnologie francaise and Geographies of the Super-Rich (2013), and he has recently co-authored Ce que les riches pensent des pauvres (2017).

This original book is the first comprehensive integration of political theory to explain indigenous politics. It assesses the ways in which indigenous and liberal political theories interact to consider the practical policy implications of the indigenous right to self-determination. Providing opportunities for indigenous peoples to pursue culturally framed understandings of liberal democratic citizenship, the author reveals indigeneity's concern for political relationships, agendas and ideas beyond the ethnic minority claim to liberal recognition. The implications for national reconciliation, liberal democracy, citizenship and historical constraints on political authority are explored. He also shows that indigeneity's local geo-political focus, underpinned by global theoretical developments in law and politics, makes indigeneity a movement of forward looking transformational politics. This innovative, theoretically sophisticated and vibrant work will influence policy and scholarly debates on the politics of indigeneity and indigenous rights and will be of broad international interest to a transcultural, transnational and global phenomenon.

"Colonialist Photography "is an absorbing collection of essays and photographs exploring the relationship between photography and Europe and American colonialism. The book is packed with well over a hundred captivating images ranging from the first experiments with photography as a documentary medium up to the decolonization of many regions after World War II.
Reinforcing a broad range of Western assumptions and prejudices, such images often assisted in the construction of a colonial culture. In these thirteen essays, "Colonialist" "Photography "considers:
- How photographs tended to support the cultural and political rhetoric of racial and geographical difference between the West and its colonies;
- The range of images from "scientific" categorizing and recording methods to "commercial" pictures for collection and display, such as postcards and magazine advertisements;
- How photographers contributed to cultural, social, and political ideas of race by highlighting racial distinction in their work.
By drawing upon methods from anthropology, literary criticism, geography, imperial history, and art history, Hight and Sampson offer a rich source of current ideas about the relationship between colonialism and visual representation. Using case studies and recent forms of interpretive analysis, these post-colonial readings provide a thought-provoking analysis of how we imagine race and place.
Now published for the first time in paperback.

Popular Music and the Postcolonial addresses the often-overlooked relationship between the fields of popular music and postcolonial studies, and it has implications for ethnomusicology, cultural and literary studies, history, sociology, and political economy. Popular music in its many forms exploded in popularity, following developments in sound technology and shifting population demographics, in the 1960s, the era of radical agitation against empires in the global south but also within the very heart of Europe. Popular music aided in fostering and documenting such resistance to violent oppression and in liberating the hearts and minds of the colonized. This collection offers a timely intervention in this field, showing popular music's role in defining or undermining certain colonial and postcolonial nations, in expanding and complicating the domain of postcolonial theorists-including the "founder" of postcolonial studies Edward Said-and in decolonizing the ears of its diverse, sometimes antagonistic, audiences. This book was originally published as a special issue of Popular Music and Society.

This book explores the limits of the idea of 'neo-colonialism' - the idea that in the period immediately after independence Malaya/Malaysia enjoyed only a 'pseudo-independence', largely because of the entrenched and dominant position of British business interests allied to indigenous elites. The author argues that, although British business did indeed have a strong position in Malaysia in this period, Malaysian politicians and administrators were able to utilise British business, which was relatively weak vis-a-vis the Malaysian state, for their own ends, at the same time as indigenous businesses and foreign, non-British competitors were gathering strength. In addition, despite the commitment of both Conservative and Labour governments in the UK to preserving British influence worldwide through the Commonwealth relationship, British firms in Malaysia received only limited support from the British post-imperial state.

The second of two important books by Louis Leakey, the renowned expert on the Kikuyu tribe. This book examines the organisation of the Mau Mau movement, its propaganda, the nature of its religious aspects and its oaths and the mistakes its leaders made as well as covering chapters on necessary reforms to prevent further outbreaks of a similar nature.

The mid-twentieth century saw the end of colonial empires, a global phenomenon that brought about profound changes and created enormous problems. Decolonization played a major part in shaping the contemporary world order and the domestic development of newly emerging states in the 'Third World'. In Decolonization, Raymond Betts considers this process and its outcomes. Drawing on numerous examples, including those of Ghana, India, Rwanda and Hong Kong, the author examines: the effects of two World Wars on the colonial empire the expectations and problems created by independence Major demographic shifts accompanying the end of empire Cultural experiences, literary movements and the search for ideology of the dying empire and newly independent nations The second edition brings the discussion up to date and looks at contemporary concerns such as the growth of Islamic Fundamentalism, 9/11, globalization and the AIDS pandemic.