The World in a Grain of Sand offers a framework for reading literature from the global South that goes against the grain of dominant theories in cultural studies, especially, postcolonial theory. It critiques the valorization of the local in cultural theories typically accompanied by a rejection of universal categories - viewed as Eurocentric projections. But the privileging of the local usually amounts to an exercise in exoticization of the South. The book argues that the rejection of Eurocentric theories can be complemented by embracing another, richer and non-parochial form of universalism. Through readings of texts from India, Sri Lanka, Palestine and Egypt, the book shows that the fine grained engagement with culture, the mapping of ordinary lives not just as objects but subjects of their history, is embedded in much of postcolonial literature in a radical universalism - one that is rooted in local realities, but is able to unearth in them the needs, conflicts and desires that stretch across cultures and time. It is a universalism recognized by Marx and steeped in the spirit of anti-colonialism, but hostile to any whiff of exoticism.

Contents:
List of Illustrations. Notes on Contributors. Acknowledgements. 1. Comparisons Between an Area of Research in Germany, Great Britain and Italy A. Jobert, C. Marry, L.Tanguy 2. Education, Vocational Training and Employment in Germany C. Marry 3. Thirty Years of the Sociology of Education B. Krais 4. Relationships Between the Educational and Employment Systems M. Frackmann 5. Social Change and the Modernisation of School-to-Work Transitions W. Heinz and U. Nagel 6. The Relationship Between Education and Employment in German Industrial Sociology I. Drexel 7. Labour Market Transitions and Dynamics of Transitions in Germany K. Schomann 8. Institutions and the Market L. Tanguy and H. Rainbird 9. The Transition from School to Work and Its Heirs D. Raffe 10. Labour Market Approaches to the Study of the Relationship Between Education and (Un)employment in the UK D. Ashton 11. Is This a Way of Understanding Education-Work Relations? L. Chisholm 12. The Social Construction of Skill H. Rainbird 13. The Approaches of Economists to the Relationship Between Training and Work D. Marsden 14. Employment, Education and Training in Italy A. Jobert 15. Analysis of Research in the Sociology of Education: 1960-1990 L. Benadusi and P.Botta 16. Youth Employment and Public Action in Italy M. Giovine 17. Connections Between Collective Bargaining, Job Training and Educational Research in Italy S. Meghnagi 18. Industrial Development and Training Policies V. Capecchi 19. Socio-economic Approaches to the Labour Market P. Calzibini. Index.

The post-colonial world has seen a major re-evaluation of the insititutions and ideologies of colonialism. Post-colonial theory has enriched our understanding of the history and literature of colonial periods. With reference to this trend, this collection examines the artistic production of both imperial nations and their colonies and aims to show how it was affected by colonial contact. Drawing together an international group of scholars from a variety of disciplinary and cultural backgrounds, it presents case studies of objects from India, Pakistan, New Zealand, China and Africa which were collected by or exhibited in the institutions of the British Empire. Other chapters address issues of racial identity across cultural barriers and the hybrid styles which can emerge when cultures meet. The contributors also consider how we, in the post-colonial era, should interpret the cultural production of the colonial world and how through displaying these objects, contemporary museum practice can address the artistic inheritance of colonialism.

The issues surrounding Hong Kong's global position and international links grow increasingly complex by the day as the process of Hong Kong's transformation from a British colony to a Chinese Special Administration Region unfolds. This volume addresses a number of questions relating to this process. How international is Hong Kong? What are its global and international dimensions? How important are these dimensions to its continued success? How will these dimensions change, especially beyond the sphere of economics? Is Hong Kong's internationalization, defined in terms of its willingness to embrace international values and its capacity to maintain its international presence, at risk? These questions are presented as they pertain to the changing situation: relations between mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong; the positions of Australia, Canada, and the United States on Hong Kong; internalization of international legal values; Americanization vs. Asianization; linkages to the world through Guangdong; strategies to emigrate overseas; cultural internationalization; media internationalization; and universities within the global economy.

Nation states are not as independent as they seem. In this text the author explores independence in Europe and beyond, particularly in relation to empire and decolonization. The author examines how freedom of action is limited not only by a tightening net of interdependence and by the rules which the international society puts in place, but also by the hegemonial authority of the strongest and richest powers. Drawing on personal experience, the author explains how these three forms of pressure determine the external and internal behaviour of juridically independent states. This creates an increasingly supranational framework of restraint that limits the sovereignty of even the most powerful states. The text examines the effects of supranational pressures on Europe, on former colonies, on human rights and on the responsibilities of states. It relates the growing curbs on independence to current hegemonial practice and to international theory.

Fourteen short chapter studies profile a dozen British men and women, who, for diverse reasons, opposed the policy of the British government toward its thirteen colonies before and during the American Revolution and helped prepare the way for the recognition of the United States as an independent nation. Reich demonstrates how a mixture of political expediency, constitutional scruples, and a desire for reform at home led prominent politicians, economists, and leaders of public opinion to sympathize with the colonial point of view after 1776.

China's dramatic economic growth since the 1970s has seemed inexorable. The resulting rise in international profile has provoked a lively argument regarding the fundamental economic and strategic challenges to the rest of the world that China now presents.
China Rising examines the extent to which that country's future foreign policy stance may be shaped by its own agendas and constrained through interdependence and interaction with the outside world. In the process it also questions the extent to which the rest of the world can attempt to shape that future to non-Chinese interests with any chance of success.
Most debates regarding China's future international position tend to be polarised between those advocating containment and those wishing to see Beijing given a much freer hand. China Rising provides a refreshing alternative to both.

This book analyses the character of British rule in nineteenth-century India, by focusing on the underlying ideas and the practical repercussions of agrarian policy. It argues that the great rent law debate and the Bengal Tenancy Act of 1885 helped constitute a revolution in the effective aims of government and in the colonial ability to interfere in India, but that they did so alongside a continuing weakness of understanding and in effective local control. In particular, the book considers the importance of notions of historical rights and economic progress to the false categorisations made of agrarian structure. It shows that the Tenancy Act helped to widen social disparities in rural Bihar, and to create political interests on the land.

The displacement of 25 million ethnic Russians from the newly independent states is a major social and political consequence of the collapse of the former Soviet Union. Pilkington engages with the perspectives of officialdom, of those returning to their ethnic homeland, and of the receiving populations. She examines the policy and the practice of the Russian migration regime before looking at the social and cultural adaptation for refugees and forced migrants. Her work illuminates wider contemporary debates about identity and migration.

Rhodesia's illegal Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) in 1965 is an act that not only shaped regional politics but also had a profound effect on Britain's attempt to retreat from its empire. This edited collection brings together leading voices in the field, whose contributions - on the role of finance, 'big business', and the regional and international actors involved in the country's negotiated independence - update long-held historiographical wisdoms, signalling a revival in economic and diplomatic explanations for the country's decolonisation. In particular, they shed fresh light on the role(s) played in the decolonisation of Zimbabwe by economic (private business) and political (liberation movements, Western and Southern African governments) actors that until now have been studied with very limited access to primary sources. As scholarship on Zimbabwe is currently dominated by studies that seek to understand the 'crisis' in which the country has recently found itself, this collection acts as a clarion call that reinforces the importance of studies of earlier historical processes. In doing so, the book provides a more nuanced understanding of the continuities and discontinuities between Zimbabwe's colonial and postcolonial history, and examines the roles played by external governments and individuals in the decolonisation of Zimbabwe. This book was originally published as a special issue of The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History.

This is an extremely wide-ranging and interdisciplinary survey of colonization from its origins to the post-colonial world. Original and lively, it offers the student: * a wide focus featuring Africa, America, Asia, Australia, Europe, Japan and the USSR * an interpretation drawn from cultural and social history, with sections on myth, literature, film and philosophy * constant reference to implications for the present world situation * a comprehensive synthesis of the background, context and expansion of colonization * a comparative thematic discussion of the impact of imperialism * extensive coverage and analysis of decolonization. Very simply, a key publication for the study of colonization.

China's dramatic economic growth since the 1970s has seemed inexorable. The resulting rise in international profile has provoked a lively argument regarding the fundamental economic and strategic challenges to the rest of the world that China now presents.
China Rising examines the extent to which that country's future foreign policy stance may be shaped by its own agendas and constrained through interdependence and interaction with the outside world. In the process it also questions the extent to which the rest of the world can attempt to shape that future to non-Chinese interests with any chance of success.
Most debates regarding China's future international position tend to be polarised between those advocating containment and those wishing to see Beijing given a much freer hand. China Rising provides a refreshing alternative to both.

The issues surrounding Hong Kong's global position and international links grow increasingly complex by the day as the process of Hong Kong's transformation from a British colony to a Chinese Special Administration Region unfolds. This volume addresses a number of questions relating to this process. How international is Hong Kong? What are its global and international dimensions? How important are these dimensions to its continued success? How will these dimensions change, especially beyond the sphere of economics? Is Hong Kong's internationalization, defined in terms of its willingness to embrace international values and its capacity to maintain its international presence, at risk? These questions are presented as they pertain to the changing situation; relations between mainland China, Taiwan and Hong Kong; the positions of Australia, Canada and the United States on Hong Kong; internationalization of international legal values; Americanization vs. Asianization; linkages to the world through Guangdong; strategies to emigrate overseas; cultural internationalization; media internationalization; and universities within the global economy.

This is a study of 19th-century colonial rule in the Pakistani province of Sind. It investigates the alliance between the British administration and the Muslim-landed magnates known as Waderos, who dominated the countryside. The book offers a picture of the day-to-day realitites of the rural power structure, illustrating Waderos' relationships with each other, their peasant neighbours, their landless labourers, their Hindu bankers, the police and British district officers. This work aims to give a contribution to British India, and the economic and political evolution of agrarian society in the subcontinent generally. Its findings offer insights into the emergence of the elites which govern present-day Pakistan.

Offers expansive and intersecting understandings of erotic subjectivity, intimacy, and trauma in performance ethnography and in institutional and disciplinary settings. Focused on research within Africa and the African diaspora, contributors to this volume think through the painful iterations of trauma, systemic racism, and the vestiges of colonial oppression as well as the processes of healing and emancipation that emerge from wounded states. Their chapters explore an acoustemology of intimacy, woman-centered eroticism generated through musical performance, desire and longing in ethnographic knowledge production, and listening as intimacy. On the other end of the spectrum, authors engage with and question the fetishization of race in jazz; examine conceptions of vulgarity and profanity in movement and dance-ethnography; and address pain, trauma, and violation, whether physical, spiritual, intellectual, or political. Authors in this volume strive toward empathetic, ethical, and creative ethnographic engagements that summon vulnerability and healing. They propose pathways to aesthetic, discursive transformation by reorienting conceptions of knowledge as emergent, performative, and sonically enabled. The resulting book explores sensory knowledge that is frequently left unacknowledged in ethnographic work, advancing conversations about performed sonic and somatic modalities through which we navigate our entanglements as engaged scholars.

This is an extremely wide-ranging and interdisciplinary survey of colonization from its origins to the post-colonial world. Original and lively, it offers the student:
* a wide focus featuring Africa, America, Asia, Australia, Europe, Japan and the USSR
* an interpretation drawn from cultural and social history, with sections on myth, literature, film and philosophy
* constant reference to implications for the present world situation
* a comprehensive synthesis of the background, context and expansion of colonization
* a comparative thematic discussion of the impact of imperialism
* extensive coverage and analysis of decolonization.

Very simply, a key publication for the study of colonization.

John Hargreaves examines how the British, French, Belgian, Spanish and Portuguese colonies in tropical Africa became independent in the postwar years, and in doing so transformed the international landscape. African demands for independence and colonial plans for reform - central to the story - are seen here in the wider context of changing international relationships.

This paperback reader provides the student and general reader with easy access to the major issues of the Hong Kong transition crisis. Contributors include both editors, as well as Frank Ching, Berry F. Hsu, Reginald Yin-wang Kwok, Peter Kwong, Julian Y.M. Leung, Ronald Skeldon, Alvin Y. So, Yun-wing Sung, and James T.H. Tang - the majority of whom live and work in Hong Kong and experience the transition firsthand, personally and professionally.

"We fight, therefore we are." This revision of Cartesian wisdom was enunciated by the late premier of Israel, Menachim Begin. It is the "leitmotif "of this brilliant study of the military origins of modern Israel. J. Bowyer Bell argues that the members of Irgun, Lehi (the Stern Gang), and the Zionist underground in British mandated Palestine had clear motives for the violent path they took: the creation of a sovereign homeland for the Jewish people in oppressed lands. These advocates of terror pitted themselves against not only the British and the Arabs, but also against less violent brethren like Ben Gurion, Moshe Dayan, and Yitzhak Rabin.

This is the definitive story of desperate, dedicated revolutionaries who were driven to conclude that lives must be taken if Israel were to live. The dynamite bombing of the King David Hotel, the assassination of Lord Moyne in Cairo, and Count Bernardotte, in Palestine were but a few acts of terror which forced the British out of the Middle East. "Terror Out of Zion "evaluates whether these acts were extremist or necessary, and whether these men and women were fanatics or freedom fighters.

"Terror Out of Zion "serves as a primer for those who would understand contemporary political divisions in Israel. It is based on careful historical research and interviews with surviving members of the Irgun, chronicling bombings, assassinations, hah- breadth prison escapes, and endless cycles of retaliation in the terror that gave birth to Israel, but, no less, continues to inform its political relations. Bell has fashioned an adventure story that also explains the sources of current tensions and frictions within Israel.

"Publishers' Weekly "wrote that "Bell's book crackles with suspense and explodes with tales of carnage and violence; it could hardly be otherwise. Yet he writes with compassion and insight into the black despair that engendered the terrorist's brutal deeds." And a highly laudatory "New York Times "review said "excellent ... a skillfully written, fast-paced anecdotal narrative of one of the bloodiest and least documented chapters of Zionist history . . . the story is more than mere history; it is detailed portrait of the formulating experiences of Israel's new leadership."

This is a biography of Khizr Tiwana, the Unionist Premier of the Punjab during the climacteric period 1942-1947. The Punjab formed the heartland of a future Pakistan state, and for this reason the subcontinent's destiny rested on the clash between Khizr and Jinnah, the Muslim League leader, over the issue of the region's unity versus Muslim separatism. The Pakistan demand eventually triumphed, although Unionist rule survived until shortly before the upheavals of the August 1947 partition.

This is a history book that studies the thought and actions of Jose Gervasio Artigas throughout the decade of his prominence (1810 -1820) as leader of the Federal League, which united his native territory of Uruguay to four neighboring provinces in today's Argentina. This was the period when the Spanish king's abdication propelled elites across that country's former American colonies to hastily construct new local institutions to carry on governing functions and to assure order and stability. Within a few years that new leadership had to do battle against the armies sent by Spain's new leadership that attempted to reassert its control. In the Banda Oriental-today's Uruguay-Artigas, with democratic and egalitarian values, enjoyed wide support among the rural poor as well as the landed elite. His military victories over the Spanish, and then his successful defense of provincial autonomy before the imperialist ambitions of Buenos Aires, account for the spread of his influence to neighboring provinces and the creation of the Federal League. His short-term successes infuriated powerful elites in both Buenos Aires and the Portuguese colonies of today's Brazil. These, allied to the newly potent British empire, then collaborated to bring about his defeat. Artigas' career, as seen in retrospect, was riddled with contradiction and ambiguity, yet his record of achievements is worthy of remembrance and honor. The book provides information, largely ignored by previous historians, about his important dealings with three central figures in Argentina's independence movement: Generals Manuel Belgrano. Martin Guemes, and Jose de San Martin.

A study of the West African Hauka - spirits that grotesquely mimic and mock "Europeans" of the colonial epoch. The author considers spirit possession as a set of embodied practices with serious social and cultural consequences.

The fascination with exotic cultures and the crossing of cultural boundaries provides some of the most striking ways in which a colonizing culture articulates its self-identity and asserts its authority. This book examines the representational dynamics of colonizer versus colonized in Henry Rider Haggard's and Rudyard Kipling's African and Indian writing, exploring the interface between the native "other" as reflection and as a point of address. The author employs recent thinking in psychoanalysis, anthropology and colonial discourse to analyze the manner in which fantasy and fabulation is caught up in networks of desire and power. She focuses on the early fictional and travel writing of Haggard and Kipling. Close friends as well as prominent figures of imperial and colonial myth-making, Haggard and Kipling were praised for their presumed knowledge of and alleged ability to speak from within the native cultures of Africa and India. Their fiction attests to a persistent fascination with the visual image of the other in the imaginative reconstruction of costume and body-image.

This is a study of Britain's economic and political relationship with its tropical colonies between 1850 and 1960. These colonies stretched right round the world from the West Indies, through West, Central and East Africa to Mauritius, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Fiji and the smaller Pacific islands. The study focuses on the former colonies and their development problems (rather than on Britain) because this provides a crucial background to understanding the present opportunities and difficulties facing these countries since their independence. Meredith has also published "Australia in the International Economy in the Twentieth Century" (CUP, 1990) and Havinden is also author of "The Economics of African Agriculture" (Longman, 1982).

Tales of archaic Greek city foundations continued to be told and retold long after the colonies themselves were settled. This book explores how the ancient Greeks constructed their memory of founding new cities overseas. Greek stories about colonizing Sicily or the Black Sea in the seventh century B.C.E. are no more transparent, no less culturally constructed than nineteenth-century British tales of empire in India or Africa; they are every bit as much about power, language, and cultural appropriation. This book brings anthropological and literary theory to bear on the narratives that later Greeks tell about founding colonies and the processes through which the colonized are assimilated into the familiar story lines, metaphors, and rituals of the colonizers. The distinctiveness and the universality of Greek colonial representations are explored through explicit comparison with later European narratives of new world settlement. Unique in its focus on issues of representation and colonial ideology, rather than the traditional historical approach, this book adds much to the study of the archaic colonization movement. Through new historicist readings, Carol Dougherty shows how, long after the Greek colonization movement itself was over, the colonial tale, embedded in important poetic genres and performed as part of significant civic occasions, enabled the Greeks to continue to colonize the past and to establish themselves as the imperial power in that cultural memory.