These notes present recent results in the value-distribution theory of L-functions with emphasis on the phenomenon of universality. In 1975, Voronin proved that any non-vanishing analytic function can be approximated uniformly by certain shifts of the Riemann zeta-function in the critical strip. This spectacular universality property has a strong impact on the zero-distribution: Riemann's hypothesis is true if and only if the Riemann zeta-function can approximate itself uniformly (in the sense of Voronin). Meanwhile universality is proved for a large zoo of Dirichlet series, and it is conjectured that all reasonable L-functions are universal. In these notes we prove universality for polynomial Euler products. Our approach follows mainly Bagchi's probabilistic method. We further discuss related topics as, e.g., almost periodicity, density estimates, Nevanlinna theory, and functional independence.

This text, the first of two volumes, provides a comprehensive and self-contained introduction to a wide range of fundamental results from ergodic theory and geometric measure theory. Topics covered include: finite and infinite abstract ergodic theory, Young's towers, measure-theoretic Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy, thermodynamics formalism, geometric function theory, various kinds of conformal measures, conformal graph directed Markov systems and iterated functions systems, semi-local dynamics of analytic functions, and nice sets. Many examples are included, along with detailed explanations of essential concepts and full proofs, in what is sure to be an indispensable reference for both researchers and graduate students.

This text, the second of two volumes, builds on the foundational material on ergodic theory and geometric measure theory provided in Volume I, and applies all the techniques discussed to describe the beautiful and rich dynamics of elliptic functions. The text begins with an introduction to topological dynamics of transcendental meromorphic functions, before progressing to elliptic functions, discussing at length their classical properties, measurable dynamics and fractal geometry. The authors then look in depth at compactly non-recurrent elliptic functions. Much of this material is appearing for the first time in book or paper form. Both senior and junior researchers working in ergodic theory and dynamical systems will appreciate what is sure to be an indispensable reference.

Here is the first part of a work that provides a full account of Jorgensen's theory of punctured torus Kleinian groups and its generalization. It offers an elementary and self-contained description of Jorgensen's theory with a complete proof. Through various informative illustrations, readers are naturally led to an intuitive, synthetic grasp of the theory, which clarifies how a very simple fuchsian group evolves into complicated Kleinian groups.

This conference allowed specialists in several complex variables to meet with specialists in potential theory to demonstrate the interface and interconnections between their two fields. The following topics were discussed: 1. Real and complex potential theory - capacity and approximation, basic properties of plurisubharmonic functions and methods to manipulate their singularities and study theory growth, Green functions, Chebyshev-like quadratures, electrostatic fields and potentials, and the propagation of smallness. 2. Complex dynamics - review of complex dynamics in one variable, Julia sets, Fatou sets, background in several variables, Henon maps, ergodicity use of potential theory and multifunctions. 3. Banach algebras and infinite dimensional holomorphy - analytic multifunctions, spectral theory, analytic functions on a Banach space, semigroups of holomorphic isometries, Pick interpolation on uniform algebras and von Neumann inequalities for operators on a Hilbert space.

The author uses modern methods from computational group theory and representation theory to treat this classical topic of function theory. He provides classifications of all automorphism groups up to genus 48. The book also classifies the ordinary characters for several groups, arising from the action of automorphisms on the space of holomorphic abelian differentials of a compact Reimann surface. This book is suitable for graduate students and researchers in group theory, representation theory, complex analysis and computer algebra.

The contributions in this major work focus on a central area of mathematics with strong ties to partial differential equations, algebraic geometry, number theory, and differential geometry. The 1995-96 MSRI program on Several Complex Variables emphasized these interactions and concentrated on current developments and problems that capitalize on this interplay of ideas and techniques. This collection provides a remarkably complete picture of the status of research in these overlapping areas and a basis for significant continued contributions from researchers. Several of the articles are expository or have extensive expository sections, making this an excellent introduction for students on the use of techniques from these other areas in several complex variables. This volume comprises a representative sample of some of the best work recently done in Several Complex Variables.

This is a comprehensive discussion of complexity as it arises in physical, chemical and biological systems, as well as in mathematical models of nature. The aim of this book is to illustrate the ways in which complexity manifests itself and to introduce a sequence of increasingly sharp mathematical methods for the classification of complex behavior. This book will be of interest to graduate students and researchers in physics (nonlinear dynamics, fluid dynamics, solid-state, cellular automata, stochastic processes, statistical mechanics and thermodynamics), mathematics (dynamical systems, ergodic and probability theory), information and computer science (coding, information theory and algorithmic complexity), electrical engineering and theoretical biology.

* A comprehensive and systematic exposition of the properties of semiconcave functions and their various applications, particularly to optimal control problems, by leading experts in the field

* A central role in the present work is reserved for the study of singularities

* Graduate students and researchers in optimal control, the calculus of variations, and PDEs will find this book useful as a reference work on modern dynamic programming for nonlinear control systems

This volume deals with various topics around equivariant holomorphic maps of Hermitian symmetric domains and is intended for specialists in number theory and algebraic geometry. In particular, it contains a comprehensive exposition of mixed automorphic forms that has never yet appeared in book form. The main goal is to explore connections among complex torus bundles, mixed automorphic forms, and Jacobi forms associated to an equivariant holomorphic map. Both number-theoretic and algebro-geometric aspects of such connections and related topics are discussed.

In this book, Dr. Smithies analyzes the process through which Cauchy created the basic structure of complex analysis, describing first the eighteenth century background before proceeding to examine the stages of Cauchy's own work, culminating in the proof of the residue theorem and his work on expansions in power series. Smithies describes how Cauchy overcame difficulties including false starts and contradictions brought about by over-ambitious assumptions, as well as the improvements that came about as the subject developed in Cauchy's hands. Controversies associated with the birth of complex function theory are described in detail. Throughout, new light is thrown on Cauchy's thinking during this watershed period. This book is the first to make use of the whole spectrum of available original sources and will be recognized as the authoritative work on the creation of complex function theory.

This book describes the basic theory of hypercomplex-analytic automorphic forms and functions for arithmetic subgroups of the Vahlen group in higher dimensional spaces.

Hypercomplex analyticity generalizes the concept of complex analyticity in the sense of considering null-solutions to higher dimensional Cauchy-Riemann type systems. Vector- and Clifford algebra-valued Eisenstein and Poincar series are constructed within this framework and a detailed description of their analytic and number theoretical properties is provided. In particular, explicit relationships to generalized variants of the Riemann zeta function and Dirichlet L-series are established and a concept of hypercomplex multiplication of lattices is introduced.

Applications to the theory of Hilbert spaces with reproducing kernels, to partial differential equations and index theory on some conformal manifolds are also described.

This work provides a systematic examination of derivatives and integrals of multivariable functions. The approach taken here is similar to that of the author 's previous text, "Continuous Functions of Vector Variables": specifically, elementary results from single-variable calculus are extended to functions in several-variable Euclidean space. Topics encompass differentiability, partial derivatives, directional derivatives and the gradient; curves, surfaces, and vector fields; the inverse and implicit function theorems; integrability and properties of integrals; and the theorems of Fubini, Stokes, and Gauss. Prerequisites include background in linear algebra, one-variable calculus, and some acquaintance with continuous functions and the topology of the real line.

Written in a definition-theorem-proof format, the book is replete with historical comments, questions, and discussions about strategy, difficulties, and alternate paths. "Derivatives and Integrals of Multivariable Functions" is a rigorous introduction to multivariable calculus that will help students build a foundation for further explorations in analysis and differential geometry.

Complex analysis is one of the most attractive of all the core topics in an undergraduate mathematics course. Its importance to applications means that it can be studied both from a very pure perspective and a very applied perspective. This book takes account of these varying needs and backgrounds and provides a self-study text for students in mathematics, science and engineering. Beginning with a summary of what the student needs to know at the outset, it covers all the topics likely to feature in a first course in the subject, including: complex numbers differentiation integration Cauchy's theorem and its consequences Laurent series and the residue theorem applications of contour integration conformal mappings and harmonic functions A brief final chapter explains the Riemann hypothesis, the most celebrated of all the unsolved problems in mathematics, and ends with a short descriptive account of iteration, Julia sets and the Mandelbrot set. Clear and careful explanations are backed up with worked examples and more than 100 exercises, for which full solutions are provided.

This book explains the foundations of holomorphic curve theory in contact geometry. By using a particular geometric problem as a starting point the authors guide the reader into the subject. As such it ideally serves as preparation and as entry point for a deeper study of the analysis underlying symplectic field theory. An introductory chapter sets the stage explaining some of the basic notions of contact geometry and the role of holomorphic curves in the field. The authors proceed to the heart of the material providing a detailed exposition about finite energy planes and periodic orbits (chapter 4) to disk filling methods and applications (chapter 9).The material is self-contained. It includes a number of technical appendices giving the geometric analysis foundations for the main results, so that one may easily follow the discussion. Graduate students as well as researchers who want to learn the basics of this fast developing theory will highly appreciate this accessible approach taken by the authors.

From the reviews: "Theory of Stein Spaces provides a rich variety of methods, results, and motivations - a book with masterful mathematical care and judgement. It is a pleasure to have this fundamental material now readily accessible to any serious mathematician."J. Eells in Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society (1980) "Written by two mathematicians who played a crucial role in the development of the modern theory of several complex variables, this is an important book."J.B. Cooper in Internationale Mathematische Nachrichten (1979)

In recent years, algorithmic graph theory has become increasingly important as a link between discrete mathematics and theoretical computer science. This textbook introduces students of mathematics and computer science to the interrelated fields of graphs theory, algorithms and complexity.

The space Q p consists of all holomorphic functions f on the unit disk for which the L^2 area integrals of its derivative against the p-th power of the Green function of the unit disk are uniformly bounded in the variable that survives the integration. It turns out that Q 1 coincides with BMOA, while, for p>1, Q p are just the Bloch space. For p/in (0,1) the Q p furnish an increasing sequence of spaces, each invariant under conformal mappings of the unit disk onto itself, which interpolate between the Dirichlet space and BMOA. This monograph covers a number of important aspects in complex, functional and harmonic analysis. The primary focus is Q p, p/in (0,1), and their equivalent characterizations. Based on the up-to-date results obtained by experts in their respective fields, each of the eight chapters unfolds from the basics to the more complex. The exposition here is rapid-paced and efficient, with proofs and examples.

Potential theory is the broad area of mathematical analysis encompassing such topics as harmonic and subharmonic functions, the Dirichlet problem, harmonic measure, Green's functions, potentials and capacity. This is an introduction to the subject suitable for beginning graduate students, concentrating on the important case of two dimensions. This permits a simpler treatment than other books, yet is still sufficient for a wide range of applications to complex analysis; these include Picard's theorem, the Phragmen-Lindeloef principle, the Koebe one-quarter mapping theorem and a sharp quantitative form of Runge's theorem. In addition there is a chapter on connections with functional analysis and dynamical systems, which shows how the theory can be applied to other parts of mathematics, and gives a flavour of some recent research. Exercises are provided throughout, enabling the book to be used with advanced courses on complex analysis or potential theory.

Ransford provides an introduction to the subject, concentrating on the important case of two dimensions, and emphasizing its links with complex analysis. This is reflected in the large number of applications, which include Picard's theorem, the Phragmén-Lindelöf principle, the Radó-Stout theorem, Lindelöf's theory of asymptotic values, the Riemann mapping theorem (including continuity at the boundary), the Koebe one-quarter theorem, Hilbert's lemniscate theorem, and the sharp quantitative form of Runge's theorem. In addition, there is a chapter on connections with functional analysis and dynamical systems, which shows how the theory can be applied to other parts of mathematics and gives a flavor of some recent research in the area.

This is a modern introduction to the analytic techniques used in the investigation of zeta-function. Riemann introduced this function in connection with his study of prime numbers, and from this has developed the subject of analytic number theory. Since then, many other classes of "zeta-function" have been introduced and they are now some of the most intensively studied objects in number theory. Professor Patterson has emphasized central ideas of broad application, avoiding technical results and the customary function-theoretic approach.

This monograph provides an introduction and a survey of recent results in potential theory with respect to the Laplace-Beltrami operator D in several complex variables, with special emphasis on the unit ball in Cn. Topics covered include Poisson-Szegoe integrals on the ball, the Green's function for D and the Riesz decomposition theorem for invariant subharmonic functions. The extension to the ball of the classical Fatou theorem on non-tangible limits of Poisson integrals, and Littlewood's theorem on the existence of radial limits of subharmonic functions are covered in detail. The monograph also contains recent results on admissible and tangential boundary limits of Green potentials, and Lp inequalities for the invariant gradient of Green potentials. Applications of some of the results to Hp spaces, and weighted Bergman and Dirichlet spaces of invariant harmonic functions are included. The notes are self-contained, and should be accessible to anyone with some basic knowledge of several complex variables.

Singularities arise naturally in a huge number of different areas of mathematics and science. As a consequence, singularity theory lies at the crossroads of paths that connect many of the most important areas of applications of mathematics with some of its most abstract regions. The main goal in most problems of singularity theory is to understand the dependence of some objects of analysis, geometry, physics, or other science (functions, varieties, mappings, vector or tensor fields, differential equations, models, etc.) on parameters. The articles collected here can be grouped under three headings. (A) Singularities of real maps; (B) Singular complex variables; and (C) Singularities of homomorphic maps.

From the reviews: "Here is a momumental work by Doob, one of the masters, in which Part 1 develops the potential theory associated with Laplace's equation and the heat equation, and Part 2 develops those parts (martingales and Brownian motion) of stochastic process theory which are closely related to Part 1." --G.E.H. Reuter in Short Book Reviews (1985)

There has been fundamental progress in complex differential geometry in the last two decades. For one, The uniformization theory of canonical K hler metrics has been established in higher dimensions, and many applications have been found, including the use of Calabi-Yau spaces in superstring theory. This monograph gives an introduction to the theory of canonical K hler metrics on complex manifolds. It also presents some advanced topics not easily found elsewhere.