Volume 1, i. e. the monograph The Cauchy Method of Residues - Theory and Applications published by D. Reidel Publishing Company in 1984 is the only book that covers all known applications of the calculus of residues. They range from the theory of equations, theory of numbers, matrix analysis, evaluation of real definite integrals, summation of finite and infinite series, expansions of functions into infinite series and products, ordinary and partial differential equations, mathematical and theoretical physics, to the calculus of finite differences and difference equations. The appearance of Volume 1 was acknowledged by the mathematical community. Favourable reviews and many private communications encouraged the authors to continue their work, the result being the present book, Volume 2, a sequel to Volume 1. We mention that Volume 1 is a revised, extended and updated translation of the book Cauchyjev raeun ostataka sa primenama published in Serbian by Nau na knjiga, Belgrade in 1978, whereas the greater part of Volume 2 is based upon the second Serbian edition of the mentioned book from 1991. Chapter 1 is introductory while Chapters 2 - 6 are supplements to the corresponding chapters of Volume 1. They mainly contain results missed during the preparation of Volume 1 and also some new results published after 1982. Besides, certain topics which were only briefly mentioned in Volume 1 are treated here in more detail.

The present book is a collection of variations on a theme which can be summed up as follows: It is impossible for a non-zero function and its Fourier transform to be simultaneously very small. In other words, the approximate equalities x :::::: y and x :::::: fj cannot hold, at the same time and with a high degree of accuracy, unless the functions x and yare identical. Any information gained about x (in the form of a good approximation y) has to be paid for by a corresponding loss of control on x, and vice versa. Such is, roughly speaking, the import of the Uncertainty Principle (or UP for short) referred to in the title ofthis book. That principle has an unmistakable kinship with its namesake in physics - Heisenberg's famous Uncertainty Principle - and may indeed be regarded as providing one of mathematical interpretations for the latter. But we mention these links with Quantum Mechanics and other connections with physics and engineering only for their inspirational value, and hasten to reassure the reader that at no point in this book will he be led beyond the world of purely mathematical facts. Actually, the portion of this world charted in our book is sufficiently vast, even though we confine ourselves to trigonometric Fourier series and integrals (so that "The U. P. in Fourier Analysis" might be a slightly more appropriate title than the one we chose).

This volume of the Proceedings of the congress ISAAC '97 collects the con tributions of the four sections 1. Function theoretic and functional analytic methods for pde, 2. Applications of function theory of several complex variables to pde, 3. Integral equations and boundary value problems, 4. Partial differential equations. Most but not all of the authors have participated in the congress. Unfortunately some from Eastern Europe and Asia have not managed to come because of lack of financial support. Nevertheless their manuscripts of the proposed talks are included in this volume. The majority of the papers deal with complex methods. Among them boundary value problems in particular the Riemann-Hilbert, the Riemann (Hilbert) and related problems are treated. Boundary behaviour of vector-valued functions are studied too. The Riemann-Hilbert problem is solved for elliptic complex equations, for mixed complex equations, and for several complex variables. It is considered in a general topological setting for mappings into q;n and related to Toeplitz operators. Convolution operators are investigated for nilpotent Lie groups leading to some consequences for the null space of the tangential Cauchy Riemann operator. Some boundary value problems for overdetermined systems in balls of q;n are solved explicitly. A survey is given for the Gauss-Manin connection associated with deformations of curve singularities. Several papers deal with generalizations of analytic functions with various applications to mathematical physics. Singular integrals in quaternionic anal ysis are studied which are applied to the time-harmonic Maxwell equations."

These notes are based on lectures given at the University of Virginia over the past twenty years. They may be viewed as a course in function theory for nonspecialists. Chapters 1-6 give the function-theoretic background to Hardy Classes and Operator Theory, Oxford Mathematical Monographs, Oxford University Press, New York, 1985. These chapters were written first, and they were origi nally intended to be a part of that book. Half-plane function theory continues to be useful for applications and is a focal point in our account (Chapters 5 and 6). The theory of Hardy and Nevanlinna classes is derived from proper ties of harmonic majorants of subharmonic functions (Chapters 3 and 4). A selfcontained treatment of harmonic and subharmonic functions is included (Chapters 1 and 2). Chapters 7-9 present concepts from the theory of univalent functions and Loewner families leading to proofs of the Bieberbach, Robertson, and Milin conjectures. Their purpose is to make the work of de Branges accessible to students of operator theory. These chapters are by the second author. There is a high degree of independence in the chapters, allowing the material to be used in a variety of ways. For example, Chapters 5-6 can be studied alone by readers familiar with function theory on the unit disk. Chapters 7-9 have been used as the basis for a one-semester topics course."

Quasiregular Mappings extend quasiconformal theory to the noninjective case.They give a natural and beautiful generalization of the geometric aspects ofthe theory of analytic functions of one complex variable to Euclidean n-space or, more generally, to Riemannian n-manifolds. This book is a self-contained exposition of the subject. A braod spectrum of results of both analytic and geometric character are presented, and the methods vary accordingly. The main tools are the variational integral method and the extremal length method, both of which are thoroughly developed here. Reshetnyak's basic theorem on discreteness and openness is used from the beginning, but the proof by means of variational integrals is postponed until near the end. Thus, the method of extremal length is being used at an early stage and leads, among other things, to geometric proofs of Picard-type theorems and a defect relation, which are some of the high points of the present book.

Explores relationship between Fourier Analysis, convex geometry, and related areas; in the past, study of this relationship has led to important mathematical advances Presents new results and applications to diverse fields such as geometry, number theory, and analysis Contributors are leading experts in their respective fields Will be of interest to both pure and applied mathematicians

One service mathematici has rendered the 'Et moi, ... si j'avait IU comment en revenir. je n'y serais point alle.' human race. It has put common sense back Jules Verne where it belong., on the topmost shelf next to the dusty canister labelled 'discarded non- The series is divergent; therefore we may be sense', Eric T. Bell able to do something with it. O. H eaviside Mathematics is a tool for thought. A highly necessary tool in a world where both feedback and non linearities abound. Similarly, all kinds of parts of mathematics serve as tools for other pans and for other sciences. Applying a simple rewriting rule to the quote on the right above one finds such statements as: 'One service topology has rendered mathematical physics .. .'; 'One service logic has rendered com puter science .. .'; 'One service category theory has rendered mathematics .. .'. All arguably true. And all statements obtainable this way form part of the raison d'el;re of this series."

This volume is a collection of manscripts mainly originating from talks and lectures given at the Workshop on Recent Trends in Complex Methods for Par tial Differential Equations held from July 6 to 10, 1998 at the Middle East Technical University in Ankara, Turkey, sponsored by The Scientific and Tech nical Research Council of Turkey and the Middle East Technical University. This workshop is a continuation oftwo workshops from 1988 and 1993 at the In ternational Centre for Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy entitled Functional analytic Methods in Complex Analysis and Applications to Partial Differential Equations. Since classical complex analysis of one and several variables has a long tra dition it is of high level. But most of its basic problems are solved nowadays so that within the last few decades it has lost more and more attention. The area of complex and functional analytic methods in partial differential equations, however, is still a growing and flourishing field, in particular as these methods are not only applied. Whithin the framework of holomorphic functions but are also combined with properties of generalized analytic functions. This can be seen by the many books which recently were published in this field and also by the proceedings in this ISAAC series and the ISAAC congresses and workshops."

For a given meromorphic function I(z) and an arbitrary value a, Nevanlinna's value distribution theory, which can be derived from the well known Poisson-Jensen for mula, deals with relationships between the growth of the function and quantitative estimations of the roots of the equation: 1 (z) - a = O. In the 1920s as an application of the celebrated Nevanlinna's value distribution theory of meromorphic functions, R. Nevanlinna [188] himself proved that for two nonconstant meromorphic func tions I, 9 and five distinctive values ai (i = 1,2,3,4,5) in the extended plane, if 1 1- (ai) = g-l(ai) 1M (ignoring multiplicities) for i = 1,2,3,4,5, then 1 = g. Fur 1 thermore, if 1- (ai) = g-l(ai) CM (counting multiplicities) for i = 1,2,3 and 4, then 1 = L(g), where L denotes a suitable Mobius transformation. Then in the 19708, F. Gross and C. C. Yang started to study the similar but more general questions of two functions that share sets of values. For instance, they proved that if 1 and 9 are two nonconstant entire functions and 8 , 82 and 83 are three distinctive finite sets such 1 1 that 1- (8 ) = g-1(8 ) CM for i = 1,2,3, then 1 = g.

Ever since its introduction around 1960 by Kirillov, the orbit method has played a major role in representation theory of Lie groups and Lie algebras. This book contains the proceedings of a conference held from August 29 to September 2, 1988, at the University of Copenhagen, about "the orbit method in representation theory." It contains ten articles, most of which are original research papers, by well-known mathematicians in the field, and it reflects the fact that the orbit method plays an important role in the representation theory of semisimple Lie groups, solvable Lie groups, and even more general Lie groups, and also in the theory of enveloping algebras.

Frechet spaces have been studied since the days of Banach. These spaces, their inductive limits and their duals played a prominent role in the development of the theory of locally convex spaces. Also they are natural tools in many areas of real and complex analysis. The pioneering work of Grothendieck in the fifties has been one of the important sources of inspiration for research in the theory of Frechet spaces. A structure theory of nuclear Frechet spaces emerged and some important questions posed by Grothendieck were settled in the seventies. In particular, subspaces and quotient spaces of stable nuclear power series spaces were completely characterized. In the last years it has become increasingly clear that the methods used in the structure theory of nuclear Frechet spaces actually provide new insight to linear problems in diverse branches of analysis and lead to solutions of some classical problems. The unifying theme at our Workshop was the recent developments in the theory of the projective limit functor. This is appropriate because of the important role this theory had in the recent research. The main results of the structure theory of nuclear Frechet spaces can be formulated and proved within the framework of this theory. A major area of application of the theory of the projective limit functor is to decide when a linear operator is surjective and, if it is, to determine whether it has a continuous right inverse.

'Et moi, ..., si j'avait su comment en reveni.r, One service mathematics has rendered the je n'y serais point aile.' human race. It has put common sense back Jules Verne where it belongs. on the topmost shelf next to the dusty canister labelled 'discarded non 111e series is divergent; therefore we may be sense'. Eric T. Bell able to do something with it. O. Heaviside Mathematics is a tool for thought. A highly necessary tool in a world where both feedback and non linearities abound. Similarly, all kinds of parts of mathematics serve as tools for other parts and for other sciences. Applying a simple rewriting rule to the quote on the right above one finds such statements as: 'One service topology has rendered mathematical physics .. .'; 'One service logic has rendered com puter science .. .'; 'One service category theory has rendered mathematics .. .'. All arguably true. And all statements obtainable this way form part of the raison d'etre of this series."

There is almost no field in Mathematics which does not use Mathe matical Analysis. Computer methods in Applied Mathematics, too, are often based on statements and procedures of Mathematical Analysis. An important part of Mathematical Analysis is Complex Analysis because it has many applications in various branches of Mathematics. Since the field of Complex Analysis and its applications is a focal point in the Vietnamese research programme, the Hanoi University of Technology organized an International Conference on Finite or Infinite Dimensional Complex Analysis and Applications which took place in Hanoi from August 8 - 12, 2001. This conference th was the 9 one in a series of conferences which take place alternately in China, Japan, Korea and Vietnam each year. The first one took place th at Pusan University in Korea in 1993. The preceding 8 conference was th held in Shandong in China in August 2000. The 9 conference of the was the first one which took place above mentioned series of conferences in Vietnam. Present trends in Complex Analysis reflected in the present volume are mainly concentrated in the following four research directions: 1 Value distribution theory (including meromorphic funtions, mero morphic mappings, as well as p-adic functions over fields of finite or zero characteristic) and its applications, 2 Holomorphic functions in several (finitely or infinitely many) com plex variables, 3 Clifford Analysis, i.e., complex methods in higher-dimensional real Euclidian spaces, 4 Generalized analytic functions."

This book gives an introductory exposition of the theory of hyperfunctions and regular singularities. This first English introduction to hyperfunctions brings readers to the forefront of research in the theory of harmonic analysis on symmetric spaces. A substantial bibliography is also included. This volume is based on a paper which was awarded the 1983 University of Copenhagen Gold Medal Prize.

Over the last decades, the study of nonself-adjoint or nonunitary operators has been mainly based on the method of characteristic functions and on methods of model construction or dilatation for corresponding operator classes. The characteristic function is a mathematical object (a matrix or an operator) associated with a class of nonself-adjoint (or nonunitary) operators that describes the spectral properties of the operators from this class. It may happen that characteristic functions are simpler than the corresponding operators; in this case one can significantly simplify the problem under investigation for these operators. For given characteristic function of an operator A, we construct, in explicit form, an operator that serves as a model A of the operator A in a certain linear space (to some extent this resembles the construction of diagonal and triangular matrices' unitary equivalent or similar, to certain matrix classes). The study of this model operator may give much information about the original operator (its spectrum, the completeness of the system of root subspaces, etc.). In this book, we consider various classes of linear (generally speaking, unbounded) operators, construct and study their characteristic functions and models. We also present a detailed study of contractiol)s and dissipative operators (in particular, from the viewpoint of their triangulation).

Harmonic maps are solutions to a natural geometrical variational prob lem. This notion grew out of essential notions in differential geometry, such as geodesics, minimal surfaces and harmonic functions. Harmonic maps are also closely related to holomorphic maps in several complex variables, to the theory of stochastic processes, to nonlinear field theory in theoretical physics, and to the theory of liquid crystals in materials science. During the past thirty years this subject has been developed extensively. The monograph is by no means intended to give a complete description of the theory of harmonic maps. For example, the book excludes a large part of the theory of harmonic maps from 2-dimensional domains, where the methods are quite different from those discussed here. The first chapter consists of introductory material. Several equivalent definitions of harmonic maps are described, and interesting examples are presented. Various important properties and formulas are derived. Among them are Bochner-type formula for the energy density and the second varia tional formula. This chapter serves not only as a basis for the later chapters, but also as a brief introduction to the theory. Chapter 2 is devoted to the conservation law of harmonic maps. Em phasis is placed on applications of conservation law to the mono tonicity formula and Liouville-type theorems."

The theory of Hardy spaces has close connections to many branches of mathematics including Fourier analysis, harmonic analysis, singular integrals, potential theory and operator theory, and has found essential applications in robust control engineering. For each application, the ability to represent elements of these classes by series or integral formulas is of utmost importance. This self-contained text provides an introduction to a wide range of representation theorems and provides a complete description of the representation theorems with direct proofs for both classes of Hardy spaces: Hardy spaces of the open unit disc and Hardy spaces of the upper half plane. With over 300 exercises, many with accompanying hints, this book is ideal for those studying Advanced Complex Analysis, Function Theory or Theory of Hardy Spaces. Advanced undergraduate and graduate students will find the book easy to follow, with a logical progression from basic theory to advanced research.

One service mathematics has rendered the 'Et moil " '1 .i favait su comment en revenir. je n'y scrais point all .. human race. It has put oommon sense back Jules Verne when: it belongs, on the topmost shelf next to the dusty canister labelled' discarded nonsense'. The series is divergent; therefore we may be EricT.Bell able to do something with it O. Heaviside Mathematics is a tool for thought A highly necessary tool in a world where both feedback and nonlineari ties abound. Similarly, all kinds of parts of mathematics serve as tools for other parts and for other sci ences. Applying a simple rewriting rule to the quote on the right above one finds such statements as: 'One ser vice topology has rendered mathematical physics .. .'; 'One service logic has rendered computer science .. .'; 'One service category theory has rendered mathematics .. .'. All arguably true. And all statements obtainable this way form part of the raison d'etre of this series."

On April 25-27, 1989, over a hundred mathematicians, including eleven from abroad, gathered at the University of Illinois Conference Center at Allerton Park for a major conference on analytic number theory. The occa sion marked the seventieth birthday and impending (official) retirement of Paul T. Bateman, a prominent number theorist and member of the mathe matics faculty at the University of Illinois for almost forty years. For fifteen of these years, he served as head of the mathematics department. The conference featured a total of fifty-four talks, including ten in vited lectures by H. Delange, P. Erdos, H. Iwaniec, M. Knopp, M. Mendes France, H. L. Montgomery, C. Pomerance, W. Schmidt, H. Stark, and R. C. Vaughan. This volume represents the contents of thirty of these talks as well as two further contributions. The papers span a wide range of topics in number theory, with a majority in analytic number theory."

This book evolved out of a graduate course given at the University of New Orleans in 1997. The class consisted of students from applied mathematics andengineering. Theyhadthebackgroundofatleastafirstcourseincomplex analysiswithemphasisonconformalmappingandSchwarz-Christoffeltrans- formation, a firstcourse in numerical analysis, and good to excellent working knowledgeofMathematica* withadditionalknowledgeofsomeprogramming languages. Sincetheclasshad nobackground inIntegralEquations, thechap- tersinvolvingintegralequationformulations werenotcoveredindetail,except for Symm's integral equation which appealed to a subsetofstudents who had some training in boundary element methods. Mathematica was mostly used for computations. In fact, it simplified numerical integration and other oper- ations very significantly, which would have otherwise involved programming inFortran, C, orotherlanguageofchoice, ifclassical numericalmethods were attempted. Overview Exact solutions of boundary value problems for simple regions, such as cir- cles, squares or annuli, can be determined with relative ease even where the boundaryconditionsarerathercomplicated. Green'sfunctionsforsuchsimple regions are known. However, for regions with complex structure the solution ofa boundary value problem often becomes more difficult, even for a simple problemsuchastheDirichletproblem. Oneapproachtosolvingthesedifficult problems is to conformally transform a given multiply connected region onto *Mathematica is a registered trade mark of Wolfram Research, Inc. ix x PREFACE simpler canonical regions. This will, however, result in change not only in the region and the associated boundary conditions but also in the governing differential equation. As compared to the simply connected regions, confor- mal mapping ofmultiply connected regions suffers from severe limitations, one of which is the fact that equal connectivity ofregions is not a sufficient condition to effect a reciprocally connected map ofone region onto another.

This volume consists of a collection of articles for the proceedings of the 40th Taniguchi Symposium Analysis and Geometry in Several Complex Variables held in Katata, Japan, on June 23-28, 1997. Since the inhomogeneous Cauchy-Riemann equation was introduced in the study of Complex Analysis of Several Variables, there has been strong interaction between Complex Analysis and Real Analysis, in particular, the theory of Partial Differential Equations. Problems in Complex Anal ysis stimulate the development of the PDE theory which subsequently can be applied to Complex Analysis. This interaction involves Differen tial Geometry, for instance, via the CR structure modeled on the induced structure on the boundary of a complex manifold. Such structures are naturally related to the PDE theory. Differential Geometric formalisms are efficiently used in settling problems in Complex Analysis and the results enrich the theory of Differential Geometry. This volume focuses on the most recent developments in this inter action, including links with other fields such as Algebraic Geometry and Theoretical Physics. Written by participants in the Symposium, this vol ume treats various aspects of CR geometry and the Bergman kernel/ pro jection, together with other major subjects in modern Complex Analysis. We hope that this volume will serve as a resource for all who are interested in the new trends in this area. We would like to express our gratitude to the Taniguchi Foundation for generous financial support and hospitality. We would also like to thank Professor Kiyosi Ito who coordinated the organization of the symposium."

4. 1 Bergman-Toeplitz Operators Over Bounded Domains 242 4. 2 Hardy-Toeplitz Operators Over Strictly Domains Pseudoconvex 250 Groupoid C* -Algebras 4. 3 256 4. 4 Hardy-Toeplitz Operators Over Tubular Domains 267 4. 5 Bergman-Toeplitz Operators Over Tubular Domains 278 4. 6 Hardy-Toeplitz Operators Over Polycircular Domains 284 4. 7 Bergman-Toeplitz Operators Over Polycircular Domains 290 4. 8 Hopf C* -Algebras 299 4. 9 Actions and Coactions on C* -Algebras 310 4. 10 Hardy-Toeplitz Operators Over K-circular Domains 316 4. 11 Hardy-Toeplitz Operators Over Symmetric Domains 325 4. 12 Bergman-Toeplitz Operators Over Symmetric Domains 361 5. Index Theory for Multivariable Toeplitz Operators 5. 0 Introduction 371 5. 1 K-Theory for Topological Spaces 372 5. 2 Index Theory for Strictly Pseudoconvex Domains 384 5. 3 C*-Algebras K-Theory for 394 5. 4 Index Theory for Symmetric Domains 400 5. 5 Index Theory for Tubular Domains 432 5. 6 Index Theory for Polycircular Domains 455 References 462 Index of Symbols and Notations 471 In trod uction Toeplitz operators on the classical Hardy space (on the I-torus) and the closely related Wiener-Hopf operators (on the half-line) form a central part of operator theory, with many applications e. g. , to function theory on the unit disk and to the theory of integral equations.

The first contribution describes basic concepts, facts and problems of the modern theory of entire functions of several complex variables. The second contribution deals with analogies of basic Nevanlinna's theorems about the distribution of values in the multidimensional case and various applications. The third contribution is devoted to invariant metrics and volumes and their applications in problems of function theory of several variables. The fourth contribution touches upon various results concerning the rigidity of holomorphic mappings of complex spaces beginnning with classical Liouville's and Picard's theorems. Contribution five presents results concerning extension of holomorphic mappings to the boundaries of domains, and results about correspondence of boundaries and equivalence of domains with respect to biholomorphic mappings. Contribution six dwells on the problem of biholomorphic equivalence of manifolds in this differential geometric aspect. The last contribution reviews applications of multidimensional complex geometry in modern physical theories - supergravitation and supergauge fields. This volume will be useful to complex analysts and physicists. It is rounded off by an extensive bibliography.

Multivariable analysis is of interest to pure and applied mathematicians, physicists, electrical, mechanical and systems engineers, mathematical economists, biologists, and statisticians. This book takes the student and researcher on a journey through the core topics of the subject. Systematic exposition, with numerous examples and exercises from the computational to the theoretical, makes difficult ideas as concrete as possible. Good bibliography and index.

Many properties of minimal surfaces are of a global nature, and this is already true for the results treated in the first two volumes of the treatise. Part I of the present book can be viewed as an extension of these results. For instance, the first two chapters deal with existence, regularity and uniqueness theorems for minimal surfaces with partially free boundaries. Here one of the main features is the possibility of "edge-crawling" along free parts of the boundary. The third chapter deals with a priori estimates for minimal surfaces in higher dimensions and for minimizers of singular integrals related to the area functional. In particular, far reaching Bernstein theorems are derived. The second part of the book contains what one might justly call a "global theory of minimal surfaces" as envisioned by Smale. First, the Douglas problem is treated anew by using Teichmuller theory. Secondly, various index theorems for minimal theorems are derived, and their consequences for the space of solutions to Plateaus problem are discussed. Finally, a topological approach to minimal surfaces via Fredholm vector fields in the spirit of Smale is presented.