The book is an authoritative and up-to-date introduction to the field of analysis and potential theory dealing with the distribution zeros of classical systems of polynomials such as orthogonal polynomials, Chebyshev, Fekete and Bieberbach polynomials, best or near-best approximating polynomials on compact sets and on the real line. The main feature of the book is the combination of potential theory with conformal invariants, such as module of a family of curves and harmonic measure, to derive discrepancy estimates for signed measures if bounds for their logarithmic potentials or energy integrals are known a priori.

The asymptotic theory deals with the problern of determining the behaviour of a function in a neighborhood of its singular point. The function is replaced by another known function ( named the asymptotic function) close (in a sense) to the function under consideration. Many problems of mathematics, physics, and other divisions of natural sci ence bring out the necessity of solving such problems. At the present time asymptotic theory has become an important and independent branch of mathematical analysis. The present consideration is mainly based on the theory of asymp totic spaces. Each asymptotic space is a collection of asymptotics united by an associated real function which determines their growth near the given point and (perhaps) some other analytic properties. The main contents of this book is the asymptotic theory of ordinary linear differential equations with variable coefficients. The equations with power order growth coefficients are considered in detail. As the application of the theory of differential asymptotic fields, we also consider the following asymptotic problems: the behaviour of explicit and implicit functions, improper integrals, integrals dependent on a large parameter, linear differential and difference equations, etc .. The obtained results have an independent meaning. The reader is assumed to be familiar with a comprehensive course of the mathematical analysis studied, for instance at mathematical departments of universities. Further necessary information is given in this book in summarized form with proofs of the main aspects."

The 3rd International ISAAC Congress took place from August 20 to 25, 2001 in Berlin, Germany, supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG), the city of Berlin through Investitionsbank Berlin and the Freie Universitiit Berlin. 10 ISAAC Awards were presented to young researchers in analysis its applications and computation from all over the world on the basis of financial support from Siemens, Daimler Crysler, Motorola and the Berlin Mathematical Society and book gifts from Birkhauser Verlag, Elsevier, Kluwer Academic Publisher, Springer Verlag and World Scientific. The ISAAC is grateful to all these institutions, firms and publishers for their support. Due to the support from DFG and from Investitions bank Berlin many of the 362 registrated participants could be financially supported. Unfortunately the financial supports were granted too late to reach more people from former SU as the procedere for visa is still more than cumbersome and embassies are not at all flexible. Hence, a big part of the financial support could not be used and had to be returned. The 10 plenary lectures were 1. Antoniou, 1. Prigogine (Intern. Solvay Inst. Phys. Chem., Brussels): Irreversibility and the probabilistic description of unstable evolutions beyond the Hilbert space framework (read by 1. Antoniou), N.S. Bakhvalov, M.E. Eglit (Math. Mech. Dept., Lomonosov State Univ."

This book is intended as a continuation of my book "Parametrix Method in the Theory of Differential Complexes" (see [291]). There, we considered complexes of differential operators between sections of vector bundles and we strived more than for details. Although there are many applications to for maximal generality overdetermined systems, such an approach left me with a certain feeling of dissat- faction, especially since a large number of interesting consequences can be obtained without a great effort. The present book is conceived as an attempt to shed some light on these new applications. We consider, as a rule, differential operators having a simple structure on open subsets of Rn. Currently, this area is not being investigated very actively, possibly because it is already very highly developed actively (cf. for example the book of Palamodov [213]). However, even in this (well studied) situation the general ideas from [291] allow us to obtain new results in the qualitative theory of differential equations and frequently in definitive form. The greater part of the material presented is related to applications of the L- rent series for a solution of a system of differential equations, which is a convenient way of writing the Green formula. The culminating application is an analog of the theorem of Vitushkin [303] for uniform and mean approximation by solutions of an elliptic system. Somewhat afield are several questions on ill-posedness, but the parametrix method enables us to obtain here a series of hitherto unknown facts.

The monograph presents some of the authors' recent and original results concerning boundedness and compactness problems in Banach function spaces both for classical operators and integral transforms defined, generally speaking, on nonhomogeneous spaces. Itfocuses onintegral operators naturally arising in boundary value problems for PDE, the spectral theory of differential operators, continuum and quantum mechanics, stochastic processes etc. The book may be considered as a systematic and detailed analysis of a large class of specific integral operators from the boundedness and compactness point of view. A characteristic feature of the monograph is that most of the statements proved here have the form of criteria. These criteria enable us, for example, togive var ious explicit examples of pairs of weighted Banach function spaces governing boundedness/compactness of a wide class of integral operators. The book has two main parts. The first part, consisting of Chapters 1-5, covers theinvestigation ofclassical operators: Hardy-type transforms, fractional integrals, potentials and maximal functions. Our main goal is to give a complete description of those Banach function spaces in which the above-mentioned operators act boundedly (com pactly). When a given operator is not bounded (compact), for example in some Lebesgue space, we look for weighted spaces where boundedness (compact ness) holds. We develop the ideas and the techniques for the derivation of appropriate conditions, in terms of weights, which are equivalent to bounded ness (compactness)."

We study the boundary behaviour of a conformal map of the unit disk onto an arbitrary simply connected plane domain. A principal aim of the theory is to obtain a one-to-one correspondence between analytic properties of the function and geometrie properties of the domain. In the classical applications of conformal mapping, the domain is bounded by a piecewise smooth curve. In many recent applications however, the domain has a very bad boundary. It may have nowhere a tangent as is the case for Julia sets. Then the conformal map has many unexpected properties, for instance almost all the boundary is mapped onto almost nothing and vice versa. The book is meant for two groups of users. (1) Graduate students and others who, at various levels, want to learn about conformal mapping. Most sections contain exercises to test the understand ing. They tend to be fairly simple and only a few contain new material. Pre requisites are general real and complex analyis including the basic facts about conformal mapping (e.g. AhI66a). (2) Non-experts who want to get an idea of a particular aspect of confor mal mapping in order to find something useful for their work. Most chapters therefore begin with an overview that states some key results avoiding tech nicalities. The book is not meant as an exhaustive survey of conformal mapping. Several important aspects had to be omitted, e.g. numerical methods (see e.g."

The last thirty years were a period of continuous and intense growth in the subject of dynamical systems. New concepts and techniques and at the same time new areas of applications of the theory were found. The 31st session of the Seminaire de Mathematiques Superieures (SMS) held at the Universite de Montreal in July 1992 was on dynamical systems having as its center theme "Bifurcations and periodic orbits of vector fields." This session of the SMS was a NATO Advanced Study Institute (ASI). This ASI had the purpose of acquainting the participants with some of the most recent developments and of stimulating new research around the chosen center theme. These developments include the major tools of the new resummation techniques with applications, in particular to the proof of the non-accumulation of limit-cycles for real-analytic plane vector fields. One of the aims of the ASI was to bring together methods from real and complex dy namical systems. There is a growing awareness that an interplay between real and complex methods is both useful and necessary for the solution of some of the problems. Complex techniques become powerful tools which yield valuable information when applied to the study of the dynamics of real vector fields. The recent developments show that no rigid frontiers between disciplines exist and that interesting new developments occur when ideas and techniques from diverse disciplines are married. One of the aims of the ASI was to show these multiple interactions at work."

The Lerch zeta-function is the first monograph on this topic, which is a generalization of the classic Riemann, and Hurwitz zeta-functions. Although analytic results have been presented previously in various monographs on zeta-functions, this is the first book containing both analytic and probability theory of Lerch zeta-functions.

The book starts with classical analytical theory (Euler gamma-functions, functional equation, mean square). The majority of the presented results are new: on approximate functional equations and its applications and on zero distribution (zero-free regions, number of nontrivial zeros etc). Special attention is given to limit theorems in the sense of the weak convergence of probability measures for the Lerch zeta-function. From limit theorems in the space of analytic functions the universitality and functional independence is derived. In this respect the book continues the research of the first author presented in the monograph Limit Theorems for the Riemann zeta-function.

This book will be useful to researchers and graduate students working in analytic and probabilistic number theory, and can also be used as a textbook for postgraduate students.

The Curves The Point of View of Max Noether Probably the oldest references to the problem of resolution of singularities are found in Max Noether's works on plane curves [cf. [148], [149]]. And probably the origin of the problem was to have a formula to compute the genus of a plane curve. The genus is the most useful birational invariant of a curve in classical projective geometry. It was long known that, for a plane curve of degree n having l m ordinary singular points with respective multiplicities ri, i E {1, . . . , m}, the genus p of the curve is given by the formula = (n - l)(n - 2) _ ~ "r. (r. _ 1) P 2 2 L. . ,. ** . Of course, the problem now arises: how to compute the genus of a plane curve having some non-ordinary singularities. This leads to the natural question: can we birationally transform any (singular) plane curve into another one having only ordinary singularities? The answer is positive. Let us give a flavor (without proofs) 2 on how Noether did it * To solve the problem, it is enough to consider a special kind of Cremona trans formations, namely quadratic transformations of the projective plane. Let ~ be a linear system of conics with three non-collinear base points r = {Ao, AI, A }, 2 and take a projective frame of the type {Ao, AI, A ; U}.

This book is the first to be devoted to the theory of vector-valued functions with one variable. This theory is one of the fundamental tools employed in modern physics, the spectral theory of operators, approximation of analytic operators, analytic mappings between vectors, and vector-valued functions of several variables. The book contains three chapters devoted to the theory of normal functions, Hp-space, and vector-valued functions and their applications. Among the topics dealt with are the properties of complex functions in a complex plane and infinite-dimensional spaces, and the solution of vector-valued integral equations and boundary value problems by complex analysis and functional analysis, which involve methods which can be applied to problems in operations research and control theory. Much original research is included. This volume will be of interest to those whose work involves complex analysis and control theory, and can be recommended as a graduate text in these areas.

In recent years approximation theory and the theory of orthogonal polynomials have witnessed a dramatic increase in the number of solutions of difficult and previously untouchable problems. This is due to the interaction of approximation theoretical techniques with classical potential theory (more precisely, the theory of logarithmic potentials, which is directly related to polynomials and to problems in the plane or on the real line). Most of the applications are based on an exten sion of classical logarithmic potential theory to the case when there is a weight (external field) present. The list of recent developments is quite impressive and includes: creation of the theory of non-classical orthogonal polynomials with re spect to exponential weights; the theory of orthogonal polynomials with respect to general measures with compact support; the theory of incomplete polynomials and their widespread generalizations, and the theory of multipoint Pade approximation. The new approach has produced long sought solutions for many problems; most notably, the Freud problems on the asymptotics of orthogonal polynomials with a respect to weights of the form exp(-Ixl ); the "l/9-th" conjecture on rational approximation of exp(x); and the problem of the exact asymptotic constant in the rational approximation of Ixl. One aim of the present book is to provide a self-contained introduction to the aforementioned "weighted" potential theory as well as to its numerous applications. As a side-product we shall also fully develop the classical theory of logarithmic potentials."

From a historical point of view, the theory we submit to the present study has its origins in the famous dissertation of P. Finsler from 1918 ([Fi]). In a the classical notion also conventional classification, Finsler geometry has besides a number of generalizations, which use the same work technique and which can be considered self-geometries: Lagrange and Hamilton spaces. Finsler geometry had a period of incubation long enough, so that few math ematicians (E. Cartan, L. Berwald, S.S. Chem, H. Rund) had the patience to penetrate into a universe of tensors, which made them compare it to a jungle. To aU of us, who study nowadays Finsler geometry, it is obvious that the qualitative leap was made in the 1970's by the crystallization of the nonlinear connection notion (a notion which is almost as old as Finsler space, [SZ4]) and by work-skills into its adapted frame fields. The results obtained by M. Matsumoto (coUected later, in 1986, in a monograph, [Ma3]) aroused interest not only in Japan, but also in other countries such as Romania, Hungary, Canada and the USA, where schools of Finsler geometry are founded and are presently widely recognized.

This book contains an exposition of the theory of meromorphic functions and linear series on a compact Riemann surface. Thus the main subject matter consists of holomorphic maps from a compact Riemann surface to complex projective space. Our emphasis is on families of meromorphic functions and holomorphic curves. Our approach is more geometric than algebraic along the lines of [Griffiths-Harrisl]. AIso, we have relied on the books [Namba] and [Arbarello-Cornalba-Griffiths-Harris] to agreat exten- nearly every result in Chapters 1 through 4 can be found in the union of these two books. Our primary motivation was to understand the totality of meromorphic functions on an algebraic curve. Though this is a classical subject and much is known about meromorphic functions, we felt that an accessible exposition was lacking in the current literature. Thus our book can be thought of as a modest effort to expose parts of the known theory of meromorphic functions and holomorphic curves with a geometric bent. We have tried to make the book self-contained and concise which meant that several major proofs not essential to further development of the theory had to be omitted. The book is targeted at the non-expert who wishes to leam enough about meromorphic functions and holomorphic curves so that helshe will be able to apply the results in hislher own research. For example, a differential geometer working in minimal surface theory may want to tind out more about the distribution pattern of poles and zeros of a meromorphic function.

Analytic Extension is a mysteriously beautiful property of analytic functions. With this point of view in mind the related survey papers were gathered from various fields in analysis such as integral transforms, reproducing kernels, operator inequalities, Cauchy transform, partial differential equations, inverse problems, Riemann surfaces, Euler-Maclaurin summation formulas, several complex variables, scattering theory, sampling theory, and analytic number theory, to name a few. Audience: Researchers and graduate students in complex analysis, partial differential equations, analytic number theory, operator theory and inverse problems.

On the one hand, this monograph serves as a self-contained introduction to Nevanlinna's theory of value distribution because the authors only assume the reader is familiar with the basics of complex analysis. On the other hand, the monograph also serves as a valuable reference for the research specialist because the authors present, for the first time in book form, the most modern and refined versions of the Second Main Theorem with precise error terms, in both the geometric and logarithmic derivative based approaches. A unique feature of the monograph is its "number-theoretic digressions." These special sections assume no background in number theory and explore the exciting interconnections between Nevanlinna theory and the theory of Diophantine approximation.

Do formulas exist for the solution to algebraical equations in one variable of any degree like the formulas for quadratic equations? The main aim of this book is to give new geometrical proof of Abel's theorem, as proposed by Professor V.I. Arnold. The theorem states that for general algebraical equations of a degree higher than 4, there are no formulas representing roots of these equations in terms of coefficients with only arithmetic operations and radicals.

A secondary, and more important aim of this book, is to acquaint the reader with two very important branches of modern mathematics: group theory and theory of functions of a complex variable.

This book also has the added bonus of an extensive appendix devoted to the differential Galois theory, written by Professor A.G. Khovanskii.

As this text has been written assuming no specialist prior knowledge and is composed of definitions, examples, problems and solutions, it is suitable for self-study or teaching students of mathematics, from high school to graduate.

A. Andreotti: Nine lectures on complex analysis.- J.J. Kohn: Propagations of singularities for the Cauchy-Riemann equations.- Yum-Tong Siu: The mixed case of the direct image theorem and its applications.

The theory of functional equations has been developed in a rapid and productive way in the second half of the Twentieth Century. First of all, this is due to the fact that the mathematical applications raised the investigations of newer and newer types of functional equations. At the same time, the self development of this theory was also very fruitful. This can be followed in many monographs that treat and discuss the various methods and approaches. These developments were also essentially influenced by a number jour nals, for instance, by the Publicationes Mathematicae Debrecen (founded in 1953) and by the Aequationes Mathematicae (founded in 1968), be cause these journals published papers from the field of functional equa tions readily and frequently. The latter journal also publishes the yearly report of the International Symposia on Functional Equations and a comprehensive bibliography of the most recent papers. At the same time, there are periodically and traditionally organized conferences in Poland and in Hungary devoted to functional equations and inequali ties. In 2000, the 38th International Symposium on Functional Equations was organized by the Institute of Mathematics and Informatics of the University of Debrecen in Noszvaj, Hungary. The report about this meeting can be found in Aequationes Math. 61 (2001), 281-320."

This book is a collection of the various old and new results, centered around the following simple and beautiful observation of J.L. Walsh - If a function is analytic in a finite disc, and not in a larger disc, then the difference between the Lagrange interpolant of the function, at the roots of unity, and the partial sums of the Taylor series, about the origin, tends to zero in a larger disc than the radius of convergence of the Taylor series, while each of these operators converges only in the original disc.

This book will be particularly useful for researchers in approximation and interpolation theory.

A signi?cant sector of the development of spectral theory outside the classical area of Hilbert space may be found amongst at multipliers de?ned on a complex commutative Banach algebra A. Although the general theory of multipliers for abstract Banach algebras has been widely investigated by several authors, it is surprising how rarely various aspects of the spectral theory, for instance Fredholm theory and Riesz theory, of these important classes of operators have been studied. This scarce consideration is even more surprising when one observes that the various aspects of spectral t- ory mentioned above are quite similar to those of a normal operator de?ned on a complex Hilbert space. In the last ten years the knowledge of the spectral properties of multip- ers of Banach algebras has increased considerably, thanks to the researches undertaken by many people working in local spectral theory and Fredholm theory. This research activity recently culminated with the publication of the book of Laursen and Neumann [214], which collects almost every thing that is known about the spectral theory of multipliers.

The Riemann zeta function is one of the most studied objects in mathematics, and is of fundamental importance. In this book, based on his own research, Professor Motohashi shows that the function is closely bound with automorphic forms and that many results from there can be woven with techniques and ideas from analytic number theory to yield new insights into, and views of, the zeta function itself. The story starts with an elementary but unabridged treatment of the spectral resolution of the non-Euclidean Laplacian and the trace formulas. This is achieved by the use of standard tools from analysis rather than any heavy machinery, forging a substantial aid for beginners in spectral theory as well. These ideas are then utilized to unveil an image of the zeta-function, first perceived by the author, revealing it to be the main gem of a necklace composed of all automorphic L-functions. In this book, readers will find a detailed account of one of the most fascinating stories in the development of number theory, namely the fusion of two main fields in mathematics that were previously studied separately.

This monograph systematically develops and considers the so-called "dressing method" for solving differential equations (both linear and nonlinear), a means to generate new non-trivial solutions for a given equation from the (perhaps trivial) solution of the same or related equation. The primary topics of the dressing method covered here are: the Moutard and Darboux transformations discovered in XIX century as applied to linear equations; the Backlund transformation in differential geometry of surfaces; the factorization method; and the Riemann-Hilbert problem in the form proposed by Shabat and Zakharov for soliton equations, plus its extension in terms of the d-bar formalism.

Throughout, the text exploits the linear experience of presentation, with special attention given to the algebraic aspects of the main mathematical constructions and to practical rules of obtaining new solutions. Various linear equations of classical and quantum mechanics are solved by the Darboux and factorization methods. An extension of the classical Darboux transformations to nonlinear equations in 1+1 and 2+1 dimensions, as well as its factorization, are also discussed in detail. What s more, the applicability of the local and non-local Riemann-Hilbert problem-based approach and its generalization in terms of the d-bar method are illustrated via various nonlinear equations."

This book represents the first attempt at a unified picture for the pres ence of the Gibbs (or Gibbs-Wilbraham) phenomenon in applications, its analysis and the different methods of filtering it out. The analysis and filtering cover the familiar Gibbs phenomenon in Fourier series and integral representations of functions with jump discontinuities. In ad dition it will include other representations, such as general orthogonal series expansions, general integral transforms, splines approximation, and continuous as well as discrete wavelet approximations. The mate rial in this book is presented in a manner accessible to upperclassmen and graduate students in science and engineering, as well as researchers who may face the Gibbs phenomenon in the varied applications that in volve the Fourier and the other approximations of functions with jump discontinuities. Those with more advanced backgrounds in analysis will find basic material, results, and motivations from which they can begin to develop deeper and more general results. We must emphasize that the aim of this book (the first on the sUbject): to satisfy such a diverse audience, is quite difficult. In particular, our detailed derivations and their illustrations for an introductory book may very well sound repeti tive to the experts in the field who are expecting a research monograph. To answer the concern of the researchers, we can only hope that this book will prove helpful as a basic reference for their research papers."

Metric fixed point theory encompasses the branch of fixed point theory which metric conditions on the underlying space and/or on the mappings play a fundamental role. In some sense the theory is a far-reaching outgrowth of Banach's contraction mapping principle. A natural extension of the study of contractions is the limiting case when the Lipschitz constant is allowed to equal one. Such mappings are called nonexpansive. Nonexpansive mappings arise in a variety of natural ways, for example in the study of holomorphic mappings and hyperconvex metric spaces. Because most of the spaces studied in analysis share many algebraic and topological properties as well as metric properties, there is no clear line separating metric fixed point theory from the topological or set-theoretic branch of the theory. Also, because of its metric underpinnings, metric fixed point theory has provided the motivation for the study of many geometric properties of Banach spaces. The contents of this Handbook reflect all of these facts. The purpose of the Handbook is to provide a primary resource for anyone interested in fixed point theory with a metric flavor. The goal is to provide information for those wishing to find results that might apply to their own work and for those wishing to obtain a deeper understanding of the theory. The book should be of interest to a wide range of researchers in mathematical analysis as well as to those whose primary interest is the study of fixed point theory and the underlying spaces. The level of exposition is directed to a wide audience, including students and established researchers.

This volume consists of papers presented in the special sessions on "Complex and Numerical Analysis," "Value Distribution Theory and Complex Domains," and "Use of Symbolic Computation in Mathematics Education" of the ISAAC'97 Congress held at the University of Delaware, during June 2-7, 1997. The ISAAC Congress coincided with a U.S.-Japan Seminar also held at the University of Delaware. The latter was supported by the National Science Foundation through Grant INT-9603029 and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science through Grant MTCS-134. It was natural that the participants of both meetings should interact and consequently several persons attending the Congress also presented papers in the Seminar. The success of the ISAAC Congress and the U.S.-Japan Seminar has led to the ISAAC'99 Congress being held in Fukuoka, Japan during August 1999. Many of the same participants will return to this Seminar. Indeed, it appears that the spirit of the U.S.-Japan Seminar will be continued every second year as part of the ISAAC Congresses. We decided to include with the papers presented in the ISAAC Congress and the U.S.-Japan Seminar several very good papers by colleagues from the former Soviet Union. These participants in the ISAAC Congress attended at their own expense.