Composites have been studied for more than 150 years, and interest in their properties has been growing. This classic volume provides the foundations for understanding a broad range of composite properties, including electrical, magnetic, electromagnetic, elastic and viscoelastic, piezoelectric, thermal, fluid flow through porous materials, thermoelectric, pyroelectric, magnetoelectric, and conduction in the presence of a magnetic field (Hall effect). Exact solutions of the PDEs in model geometries provide one avenue of understanding composites; other avenues include microstructure-independent exact relations satisfied by effective moduli, for which the general theory is reviewed; approximation formulae for effective moduli; and series expansions for the fields and effective moduli that are the basis of numerical methods for computing these fields and moduli. The range of properties that composites can exhibit can be explored either through the model geometries or through microstructure-independent bounds on the properties. These bounds are obtained through variational principles, analytic methods, and Hilbert space approaches. Most interesting is when the properties of the composite are unlike those of the constituent materials, and there has been an explosion of interest in such composites, now known as metamaterials. The Theory of Composites surveys these aspects, among others, and complements the new body of literature that has emerged since the book was written. It remains relevant today by providing historical background, a compendium of numerous results, and through elucidating many of the tools still used today in the analysis of composite properties. This book is intended for applied mathematicians, physicists, and electrical and mechanical engineers. It will also be of interest to graduate students.

This Sixth Edition of Calculus continues the effort to promote courses in which understanding and computation reinforce each other. Calculus: Multivariable 6th Edition reflects the many voices of users at research universities, four-year colleges, community colleges, and secondary schools. This new edition has been streamlined to create a flexible approach to both theory and modeling. For instructors wishing to emphasize the connection between calculus and other fields, the text includes a variety of problems and examples from the physical, health, and biological sciences, engineering and economics. In addition, new problems on the mathematics of sustainability and new case studies on calculus in medicine by David E. Sloane, MD have been added.

This book aims to develop models and modeling techniques that are useful when applied to all complex systems. It adopts both analytic tools and computer simulation. The book is intended for students and researchers with a variety of backgrounds.

Complex Analysis is the powerful fusion of the complex numbers (involving the 'imaginary' square root of -1) with ordinary calculus, resulting in a tool that has been of central importance to science for more than 200 years. This book brings this majestic and powerful subject to life by consistently using geometry (not calculation) as the means of explanation. The 501 diagrams of the original edition embodied geometrical arguments that (for the first time) replaced the long and often opaque computations of the standard approach, in force for the previous 200 years, providing direct, intuitive, visual access to the underlying mathematical reality. This new 25th Anniversary Edition introduces brand-new captions that fully explain the geometrical reasoning, making it possible to read the work in an entirely new way-as a highbrow comic book!

The idea of complex numbers dates back at least 300 years-to Gauss and Euler, among others. Today complex analysis is a central part of modern analytical thinking. It is used in engineering, physics, mathematics, astrophysics, and many other fields. It provides powerful tools for doing mathematical analysis, and often yields pleasing and unanticipated answers. This book makes the subject of complex analysis accessible to a broad audience. The complex numbers are a somewhat mysterious number system that seems to come out of the blue. It is important for students to see that this is really a very concrete set of objects that has very concrete and meaningful applications. Features: This new edition is a substantial rewrite, focusing on the accessibility, applied, and visual aspect of complex analysis This book has an exceptionally large number of examples and a large number of figures. The topic is presented as a natural outgrowth of the calculus. It is not a new language, or a new way of thinking. Incisive applications appear throughout the book. Partial differential equations are used as a unifying theme.

The aim of this comparatively short textbook is a sufficiently full exposition of the fundamentals of the theory of functions of a complex variable to prepare the student for various applications. Several important applications in physics and engineering are considered in the book. This thorough presentation includes all theorems (with a few exceptions) presented with proofs. No previous exposure to complex numbers is assumed. The textbook can be used in one-semester or two-semester courses. In one respect this book is larger than usual, namely in the number of detailed solutions of typical problems. This, together with various problems, makes the book useful both for self- study and for the instructor as well. A specific point of the book is the inclusion of the Laplace transform. These two topics are closely related. Concepts in complex analysis are needed to formulate and prove basic theorems in Laplace transforms, such as the inverse Laplace transform formula. Methods of complex analysis provide solutions for problems involving Laplace transforms. Complex numbers lend clarity and completion to some areas of classical analysis. These numbers found important applications not only in the mathematical theory, but in the mathematical descriptions of processes in physics and engineering.

Internationally recognised researchers look at developing trends in combinatorics with applications in the study of words and in symbolic dynamics. They explain the important concepts, providing a clear exposition of some recent results, and emphasise the emerging connections between these different fields. Topics include combinatorics on words, pattern avoidance, graph theory, tilings and theory of computation, multidimensional subshifts, discrete dynamical systems, ergodic theory, numeration systems, dynamical arithmetics, automata theory and synchronised words, analytic combinatorics, continued fractions and probabilistic models. Each topic is presented in a way that links it to the main themes, but then they are also extended to repetitions in words, similarity relations, cellular automata, friezes and Dynkin diagrams. The book will appeal to graduate students, research mathematicians and computer scientists working in combinatorics, theory of computation, number theory, symbolic dynamics, tilings and stringology. It will also interest biologists using text algorithms.

This book is the very first one in the English language entirely dedicated to the Lambert W function, its generalizations, and its applications. One goal is to promote future research on the topic. The book contains all the information one needs when trying to find a result. The most important formulas and results are framed. The Lambert W function is a multi-valued inverse function with plenty of applications in areas like molecular physics, relativity theory, fuel consumption models, plasma physics, analysis of epidemics, bacterial growth models, delay differential equations, fluid mechanics, game theory, statistics, study of magnetic materials, and so on. The first part of the book gives a full treatise of the W function from theoretical point of view. The second part presents generalizations of this function which have been introduced by the need of applications where the classical W function is insufficient. The third part presents a large number of applications from physics, biology, game theory, bacterial cell growth models, and so on. The second part presents the generalized Lambert functions based on the tools we had developed in the first part. In the third part familiarity with Newtonian physics will be useful. The text is written to be accessible for everyone with only basic knowledge on calculus and complex numbers. Additional features include the Further Notes sections offering interesting research problems and information for further studies. Mathematica codes are included. The Lambert function is arguably the simplest non-elementary transcendental function out of the standard set of sin, cos, log, etc., therefore students who would like to deepen their understanding of real and complex analysis can see a new "almost elementary" function on which they can practice their knowledge.

Fractional calculus is used to model many real-life situations from science and engineering. The book includes different topics associated with such equations and their relevance and significance in various scientific areas of study and research. In this book readers will find several important and useful methods and techniques for solving various types of fractional-order models in science and engineering. The book should be useful for graduate students, PhD students, researchers and educators interested in mathematical modelling, physical sciences, engineering sciences, applied mathematical sciences, applied sciences, and so on. This Handbook: Provides reliable methods for solving fractional-order models in science and engineering. Contains efficient numerical methods and algorithms for engineering-related equations. Contains comparison of various methods for accuracy and validity. Demonstrates the applicability of fractional calculus in science and engineering. Examines qualitative as well as quantitative properties of solutions of various types of science- and engineering-related equations. Readers will find this book to be useful and valuable in increasing and updating their knowledge in this field and will be it will be helpful for engineers, mathematicians, scientist and researchers working on various real-life problems.

Contributions from the very "Who's Who" of complex analysis researchers and teachers Both pure and applied topics Applications to many fields

This insightful book theorizes the contrast between two logics of organization: bureaucracy and collegiality. Based on this theory and employing a new methodology to transform our sociological understanding, Emmanuel Lazega sheds light on complex organizational phenomena that impact markets, political economy, and social stratification. Lazega focuses on how organizations use and combine logics of bureaucracy and collegiality, deploying and developing the analysis of multilevel networks to explore how these logics coalesce and interact in organizational settings and stratigraphies. Revisiting sociological knowledge on various phenomena, such as coopetition in science, markets and government, the creation of new institutions in political economy and elite self-segregation, this book advances our perception of the changes introduced in the contemporary 'science of organizations' by the digitalization of society. Offering new theoretical insights into organizations, this book is crucial for sociologists of organizations and management scholars, as well as postgraduate students, in search of an innovative understanding of the trajectories of contemporary organizations. The analysis of multilevel networks will also benefit practitioners and analysts working in the field.

Introduction to Holomorphlc Functions of SeveralVariables, Volumes 1-111 provide an extensiveintroduction to the Oka-Cartan theory of holomorphicfunctions of several variables and holomorphicvarieties. Each volume covers a different aspect andcan be read independently.

Handbook of Analytic Operator Theory thoroughly covers the subject of holomorphic function spaces and operators acting on them. The spaces covered include Bergman spaces, Hardy spaces, Fock spaces and the Drury-Averson space. Operators discussed in the book include Toeplitz operators, Hankel operators, composition operators, and Cowen-Douglas class operators. The volume consists of eleven articles in the general area of analytic function spaces and operators on them. Each contributor focuses on one particular topic, for example, operator theory on the Drury-Aversson space, and presents the material in the form of a survey paper which contains all the major results in the area and includes all relevant references. The overalp between this volume and existing books in the area is minimal. The material on two-variable weighted shifts by Curto, the Drury-Averson space by Fang and Xia, the Cowen-Douglas class by Misra, and operator theory on the bi-disk by Yang has never appeared in book form before. Features: The editor of the handbook is a widely known and published researcher on this topic The handbook's contributors are a who's=who of top researchers in the area The first contributed volume on these diverse topics

The history of mathematics is, to a considerable extent, connected with the study of solutions of the equation f(x)=a=const for functions f(x) of one real or complex variable. Therefore, it is surprising that we know very little about solutions of u(x,y)=A=const for functions of two real variables. These two solutions, called level of sets, are very important with regard to applications in physics, biology and economics as they make a map of appropriate processes described by the function u(x,y) for given parameters (x,y). This text explores a concept, Gamma-lines, which generalizes the concept of levels of sets and, at the same time, the concept of a-points. The authors provide a book on Gamma-lines for the broad specialist and show the large range of their field of applications. The general methods proposed in this volume are useful for both physicists and engineers.

Handbook of Analytic Operator Theory thoroughly covers the subject of holomorphic function spaces and operators acting on them. The spaces covered include Bergman spaces, Hardy spaces, Fock spaces and the Drury-Averson space. Operators discussed in the book include Toeplitz operators, Hankel operators, composition operators, and Cowen-Douglas class operators. The volume consists of eleven articles in the general area of analytic function spaces and operators on them. Each contributor focuses on one particular topic, for example, operator theory on the Drury-Aversson space, and presents the material in the form of a survey paper which contains all the major results in the area and includes all relevant references. The overalp between this volume and existing books in the area is minimal. The material on two-variable weighted shifts by Curto, the Drury-Averson space by Fang and Xia, the Cowen-Douglas class by Misra, and operator theory on the bi-disk by Yang has never appeared in book form before. Features: The editor of the handbook is a widely known and published researcher on this topic The handbook's contributors are a who's=who of top researchers in the area The first contributed volume on these diverse topics

The Riemann hypothesis (RH) is perhaps the most important outstanding problem in mathematics. This two-volume text presents the main known equivalents to RH using analytic and computational methods. The book is gentle on the reader with definitions repeated, proofs split into logical sections, and graphical descriptions of the relations between different results. It also includes extensive tables, supplementary computational tools, and open problems suitable for research. Accompanying software is free to download. These books will interest mathematicians who wish to update their knowledge, graduate and senior undergraduate students seeking accessible research problems in number theory, and others who want to explore and extend results computationally. Each volume can be read independently. Volume 1 presents classical and modern arithmetic equivalents to RH, with some analytic methods. Volume 2 covers equivalences with a strong analytic orientation, supported by an extensive set of appendices containing fully developed proofs.

This book presents a consistent development of the Kohn-Nirenberg type global quantization theory in the setting of graded nilpotent Lie groups in terms of their representations. It contains a detailed exposition of related background topics on homogeneous Lie groups, nilpotent Lie groups, and the analysis of Rockland operators on graded Lie groups together with their associated Sobolev spaces. For the specific example of the Heisenberg group the theory is illustrated in detail. In addition, the book features a brief account of the corresponding quantization theory in the setting of compact Lie groups. The monograph is the winner of the 2014 Ferran Sunyer i Balaguer Prize.

Far from being separate entities, many social and engineering systems can be considered as complex network systems (CNSs) associated with closely linked interactions with neighbouring entities such as the Internet and power grids. Roughly speaking, a CNS refers to a networking system consisting of lots of interactional individuals, exhibiting fascinating collective behaviour that cannot always be anticipated from the inherent properties of the individuals themselves. As one of the most fundamental examples of cooperative behaviour, consensus within CNSs (or the synchronization of complex networks) has gained considerable attention from various fields of research, including systems science, control theory and electrical engineering. This book mainly studies consensus of CNSs with dynamics topologies - unlike most existing books that have focused on consensus control and analysis for CNSs under a fixed topology. As most practical networks have limited communication ability, switching graphs can be used to characterize real-world communication topologies, leading to a wider range of practical applications. This book provides some novel multiple Lyapunov functions (MLFs), good candidates for analysing the consensus of CNSs with directed switching topologies, while each chapter provides detailed theoretical analyses according to the stability theory of switched systems. Moreover, numerical simulations are provided to validate the theoretical results. Both professional researchers and laypeople will benefit from this book.

Realism and Complexity in Social Science is an argument for a new approach to investigating the social world, that of complex realism. Complex realism brings together a number of strands of thought, in scientific realism, complexity science, probability theory and social research methodology. It proposes that the reality of the social world is that it is probabilistic, yet there exists enough invariance to make the discovery and explanation of social objects and causal mechanisms possible. This forms the basis for the development of a complex realist foundation for social research, that utilises a number of new and novel approaches to investigation, alongside the more traditional corpus of quantitative and qualitative methods. Research examples are drawn from research in sociology, epidemiology, criminology, social policy and human geography. The book assumes no prior knowledge of realism, probability or complexity and in the early chapters, the reader is introduced to these concepts and the arguments against them. Although the book is grounded in philosophical reasoning, this is in a direct and accessible style that will appeal both to social researchers with a methodological interest and philosophers with an interest in social investigation.

This is the best seller in this market. It provides a comprehensive introduction to complex variable theory and its applications to current engineering problems. It is designed to make the fundamentals of the subject more easily accessible to students who have little inclination to wade through the rigors of the axiomatic approach. Modeled after standard calculus books-both in level of exposition and layout-it incorporates physical applications throughout the presentation, so that the mathematical methodology appears less sterile to engineering students.

This book aims to develop models and modeling techniques that are useful when applied to all complex systems. It adopts both analytic tools and computer simulation. The book is intended for students and researchers with a variety of backgrounds.

System state estimation in the presence of noise is critical for control systems, signal processing, and many other applications in a variety of fields. Developed decades ago, the Kalman filter remains an important, powerful tool for estimating the variables in a system in the presence of noise. However, when inundated with theory and vast notations, learning just how the Kalman filter works can be a daunting task.

With its mathematically rigorous, "no frills" approach to the basic discrete-time Kalman filter, A Kalman Filter Primer builds a thorough understanding of the inner workings and basic concepts of Kalman filter recursions from first principles. Instead of the typical Bayesian perspective, the author develops the topic via least-squares and classical matrix methods using the Cholesky decomposition to distill the essence of the Kalman filter and reveal the motivations behind the choice of the initializing state vector. He supplies pseudo-code algorithms for the various recursions, enabling code development to implement the filter in practice. The book thoroughly studies the development of modern smoothing algorithms and methods for determining initial states, along with a comprehensive development of the "diffuse" Kalman filter.

Using a tiered presentation that builds on simple discussions to more complex and thorough treatments, A Kalman Filter Primer is the perfect introduction to quickly and effectively using the Kalman filter in practice.

Complex Analysis and Applications, Second Edition explains complex analysis for students of applied mathematics and engineering. Restructured and completely revised, this textbook first develops the theory of complex analysis, and then examines its geometrical interpretation and application to Dirichlet and Neumann boundary value problems.

A discussion of complex analysis now forms the first three chapters of the book, with a description of conformal mapping and its application to boundary value problems for the two-dimensional Laplace equation forming the final two chapters. This new structure enables students to study theory and applications separately, as needed.

In order to maintain brevity and clarity, the text limits the application of complex analysis to two-dimensional boundary value problems related to temperature distribution, fluid flow, and electrostatics. In each case, in order to show the relevance of complex analysis, each application is preceded by mathematicalbackground that demonstrates how a real valued potential function and its related complex potential can be derived from the mathematics that describes the physical situation.

The history of mathematics is, to a considerable extent, connected with the study of solutions of the equation f(x)=a=const for functions f(x) of one real or complex variable. Therefore, it is surprising that we know very little about solutions of u(x,y)=A=const. for functions of two real variables. These two solutions, called level of sets, are very important with regard to applications in physics, biology and economics as they make a map of appropriate processes described by the function u(x,y) for given parameters (x,y). In the present volume we study a concept, Gamma-lines which generalizes the concept of levels of sets and, at the same time, the concept of a-points. The aim of the authors is to provide a book on Gamma-lines for the broad specialist and to show the large range of their field of applications. One can expect that the general methods proposed in this volume will be of great use to both physicists and engineers.

The transition from studying calculus in schools to studying mathematical analysis at university is notoriously difficult. In this third edition of Numbers and Functions, Professor Burn invites the student reader to tackle each of the key concepts in turn, progressing from experience through a structured sequence of more than 800 problems to concepts, definitions and proofs of classical real analysis. The sequence of problems, of which most are supplied with brief answers, draws students into constructing definitions and theorems for themselves. This natural development is informed and complemented by historical insight. Carefully corrected and updated throughout, this new edition also includes extra questions on integration and an introduction to convergence. The novel approach to rigorous analysis offered here is designed to enable students to grow in confidence and skill and thus overcome the traditional difficulties.