Advancing medical technologies are now developing cutting-edge computer applications useful to the field of oral studies. Informatics in Oral Medicine: Advanced Techniques in Clinical and Diagnostic Technologies provides innovative research techniques on current technologies in the management of problems in oral health and medicine. A unique and comprehensive reference source, this enriched collection contains valuable computational tools and the latest applications in dental and oral research topics such as artificial mouths, laser melting, and dentist appointment management.

"All problems in computer graphics can be solved with a matrix inversion." Jim Blinn
Jim Blinn is Back
Dirty Pixels is Jim's second compendium of articles selected from his award-winning column, "Jim Blinn's Corner," in "IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications." Here he addresses topics in image processing and pixel arithmetic and shares the tricks he's uncovered through years of experimentation.
Writing in the inimitable, engaging style for which he's famous, Jim's easy-to-understadn explanations and solutions make abstract concepts accessible to a broad audience. Dirty Pixels is an invaluable resource for anyone in the computer graphics field.
Teapots and More
Jim's contributions to computer graphics include the Voyager Fly-by animations of space missions to Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus; "The Mechanical Universe," a 52-part telecourse of animated physics; and the computer animation of Carl Sagan's PBS series "Cosmos." Jim developed many graphics techniques now in widespread use, among them bump mapping, environment mapping, and blobby modeling."

Cross-Media Service Delivery is of interest to professionals and academicians working in content authoring and electronic publishing platforms; as well as in media and broadcasting.
The digitization of traditional media formats, such as text, images, video, and sound provides us with the ability to store, process, and transport content in a uniform way. This has led the formerly distinct industries of media, telecommunications, and information technology to converge. Cross-media publishing and service delivery are important new trends emerging in the content industry landscape. Mass-media organizations and content providers transitionally targeted content production towards a single delivery channel. However, recent economic and technological changes in the industry led content providers to extend their brands to cover multiple delivery channels. Following the content industry trend to "create once and publish everywhere" - COPE, a number of architectures, technologies, and tools are currently being developed and deployed to facilitate the automatic conversion of content to multiple formats, and the creation of innovative multi-platform services. This new approach enables the seamless access to information over different network infrastructures and client platforms.
This work uniquely brings together a cross-disciplinary core of contributors to address the technical and business issues of cross-media publishing and service delivery. The contributions are organized into four different areas: the business issues driving the requirements for cross media content delivery, the architectures used for delivering content to multiple platforms, technologies that address specificpractical problems, and, last but not least, concrete applications.

This book is broadly organized in three parts. The first section ('Enhancing and Managing Customer Value') focuses on presenting the state-of-knowledge in managing and enhancing customer value through extraction of consumer-centric knowledge from mountains of data that modern interactive applications generate. The extracted information can then be used to provide more personalized information to customers, provide more relevant information or products, and even to create innovative business processes to enhance overall value to customers. The second section in the book ('Computational Approaches for Business Processes') focuses on presenting several specific innovative computing artifacts and tools developed by researchers that are not yet commercially used. These represent cutting-edge thought and advances in business computing research that should soon find utility in real-world applications or as a tool to analyze real-world scenarios. The final section in the book ('Supporting Knowledge Enterprise') presents approaches and frameworks that focus on ability of an enterprise to analyze, build, and protect computing infrastructure that supports value-added dimensions to the enterprise's existing business processes.

Mobile Intention Recognition addresses problems of practical relevance for mobile system engineers: how can we make mobile assistance systems more intelligent? How can we model and recognize patterns of human behavior which span more than a limited spatial context? This text provides an overview on plan and intention recognition, ranging from the late 1970s to very recent approaches. This overview is unique as it discusses approaches with respect to the specificities of mobile intention recognition. This book covers problems from research on mobile assistance systems using methods from artificial intelligence and natural language processing. It thus addresses an extraordinary interdisciplinary audience.

The Symposium D, entitled "Computational Modeling of Issues in Materials Science" was presented at the combined 1997 International Conference on Applied Materials/European Materials Research Society Spring meeting (ICAM'97/E-MRS'97) held in Strasbourg (France) from 16-20 June 1997.

Those who attended came from all five continents with participants coming from as far away as South Africa, Australia and Eastern Europe. There were 14 invited talks, 54 contributed papers, and 62 posters presented at the symposium.

Computational materials science has truly emerged as a field in itself. The range of phenomena studied and the variety of techniques used indicate that the subject has sufficiently matured that technologically relevant information can now be routinely extracted from computational modeling. These models increasingly use atomistic information from which macroscopic parameters may be determined.

Several papers showed that parallel computers will play a major role in the further development of the field. The Car-Parrinello method emerged as a workhorse for the most advanced simulations which the advent of faster hardware and diffusion of computer codes has brought within easy reach of many research groups. How to consistently go from the micro- to the macro-scale remains one of the great unsolved puzzles in computational materials science and was the subject of much discussion at the symposium. The interdisciplinary side of computational studies of matter was demonstrated in several talks, where authors borrowed methods from nuclear physics, fluid dynamics, and other subjects.

This was a very productive symposium with new collaborations started, many novel ideas generated and a large amount of information disseminated. The meeting gave an excellent idea of the status of computational materials service "anno" 1997.

This is the fifth volume in a series dealing with such topics as information systems practice and theory, information systems and the accounting/auditing environment, and differing perspectives on information systems research.

The short history of the International Working Conference on Educating Professionals for Network Centric Organizations is a good illustration of the tremendous rate of development of global networking, its impact and of its deep penetration into management of business, industty and administration. In 1996, when the theme and name of the conference had been set, there was yet no heavy use of networks in the fields just mentioned. However, it has been already established well enough to enable those with a visionary sense to feel that it will be an important subject and it could be an interesting theme for a conference to be held within two years. It seemed a risky decision at the time but it turned out to be very successful when conducted in 1998. It has been stated that "it took until 1997 for the business world to discover the Internet." In less than two years, the Internet and the Intranets are a vital component for running major parts of the business world. This fast pace puts some pressure on writing papers and holding a conferenc- effort has to be made to have meaningful contents despite the changes. A time span of 9 months between writing a paper and having it published, seemed once to be very short, but it is not so any more when referring to a dynamic issue like global networking.

The author introduces the reader to the creation and implementation of space-related models by applying a learning-by-doing and problem-oriented approach. The required procedural skills are rarely taught at universities and many scientists and engineers struggle to transfer a model into a computer program. The purpose of this book is to fill this gap. It moves from simple to more complex applications, covering various important topics in the sequence: dynamic matrix processing, 2D and 3D graphics, databases, Java applets and parallel computing. A file (SMOP.zip) with all examples can be downloaded free of charge from the Internet at http: //de.geocities.com/bsttc2/book.

Despite the significance and potential benefits of data-exchange standards, a void remains in literature of a research publication dedicated to its barriers and critical success factors. ""Data-Exchange Standards and International Organizations: Adoption and Diffusion"" establishes factors related to the implementation and dissemination of data-exchange standards. A cutting-edge reference source written by an international collaboration of field experts, this book covers advanced topics such as product life cycle support, IT standardization, and innovation- and adopter-centric data analysis.

Mastering modelling, and in particular numerical models, is becoming a crucial and central question in modern computational mechanics. Various tools, able to quantify the quality of a model with regard to another one taken as the reference, have been derived. Applied to computational strategies, these tools lead to new computational methods which are called "adaptive." The present book is concerned with outlining the state of the art and the latest advances in both these important areas.

Papers are selected from a Workshop (Cachan 17-19 September 1997) which is the third of a series devoted to Error Estimators and Adaptivity in Computational Mechanics. The Cachan Workshop dealt with latest advances in adaptive computational methods in mechanics and their impacts on solving engineering problems. It was centered too on providing answers to simple questions such as: what is being used or can be used at present to solve engineering problems? What should be the state of art in the year 2000? What are the new questions involving error estimators and their applications?

Polymers, main components of plastics and rubbers, are being discarded in increasing quantities. But this waste can also be considered as plastic gold'. Public concern, coupled with the inherent value of the material, means that recycling is imperative. The present book presents a survey of current knowledge in the form of case studies, including current legal and educational issues. Topics covered also include regulation and practice in NATO countries, the economics of recycling, the reprocessing of single polymers and mixtures, and future prospects and strategies. Audience: Vital reading for all polymer scientists, technicians and engineers.

As interactive application software such as apps, installations, and multimedia presentations have become pervasive in everyday life, more and more computer scientists, engineers, and technology experts acknowledge the influence that exists beyond visual explanations. Computational Solutions for Knowledge, Art, and Entertainment: Information Exchange Beyond d104 focuses on the methods of depicting knowledge-based concepts in order to assert power beyond a visual explanation of scientific and computational notions. This book combines formal descriptions with graphical presentations and encourages readers to interact by creating visual solutions for science-related concepts and presenting data. This reference is essential for researchers, computer scientists, and academics focusing on the integration of science, technology, computing, art, and mathematics for visual problem solving.

Process Technology brings together in one place important contributions and up-to-date research results in this fast moving area. Process Technology serves as an excellent reference, providing insight into some of the most challenging research issues in the field.

1.1 Was ist Typographie?.- 1.2 Typographie als Handwerk.- 1.3 Die Schrift.- Schrift.- 2.1 Das Schriftzeichen.- 2.2 Zeichenmasse.- 2.3 Serifen.- 2.4 Das einzelne Zeichen (die Letter).- 2.5 Schrifteneinteilung.- 2.6 Schriftnamen innerhalb einer Schnittfamilie.- 2.7 Spezialzeichen und Spezialschnitte.- 2.8 Laufweiten, Zeichenabstande.- 2.8.1 Unterschneiden.- 2.8.2 Ligaturen.- 2.9 Schriftauszeichnung.- 2.10 Wortabstande.- 2.11 Zeilenabstand und Durchschuss.- 2.12 Satzausrichtung.- 2.13 Initialen.- 2.14 Formsatz.- Massangaben in der Typographie.- 3.1 Typographische Masseinheiten.- 3.1.1 Kegel- und Versalhoehen.- 3.1.2 Massangaben im DTP.- 3.1.3 Weitere typographische Masse.- Der Satzspiegel.- 4.1 Proportionen der Seite.- 4.2 Festlegen des Satzspiegels.- 4.2.1 Stege beim Satzspiegel.- 4.2.2 Gestaltungsraster.- 4.3 Stilelemente im Satzspiegel.- 4.3.1 Schriftgroessen.- 4.3.2 Absatzuntergliederung.- 4.3.3 Grauwert einer Seite.- 4.3.4 Fussnoten und Marginalien.- 4.4 Feinkorrekturen.- 4.4.1 Absatzumbruch.- 4.4.2 Worttrennungen.- 4.4.3 AEsthetikprogramme.- Die Schrift zum Text.- 5.1 Aussage einer Schrift.- 5.2 Werkschriften.- 5.3 UEberschriften / Headlines.- 5.4 Welche Schrift zu welchem Zweck?.- 5.5 Mischen von Schriften.- 5.6 Ausnahmen.- Schreibregeln.- 6.1 Zahlensatz.- 6.2 Absatz-Numerierung.- 6.3 Abkurzungen.- 6.4 Unterschiedliche Anfuhrungszeichen.- 6.5 Zwischenraume.- 6.6 Verschiedene Textstriche.- Tabellensatz.- 7.1 Reihensatz oder Tabelle.- 7.2 Tabellenkomponenten.- 7.3 Tabellenkonzeption.- 7.4 Tabellengliederung.- 7.5 Besondere Situationen.- 7.6 Diagramm statt Tabelle.- 7.7 Tabelle statt Liste.- Abbildungen.- 8.1 Anordnung von Abbildungen.- 8.2 Linienstarken.- 8.3 Geeigneter Detaillierungsgrad.- 8.4 Schrift in Abbildungen.- 8.5 Randbeschnitt.- 8.6 Halbtonbilder und Raster.- 8.6.1 Rasterzerlegung.- 8.6.2 Bildqualitat in Farbtiefe.- 8.6.3 Technische Raster.- 8.6.4 Tonwertzuwachs.- 8.7 Komprimieren - aber richtig.- 8.8 Farbe in Dokumenten.- 8.8.1 Der Einsatz von Farben.- 8.8.2 Stimmung und Wirkung von Farben.- 8.8.3 Farben im Farbkreis.- 8.8.4 Farbharmonie.- 8.8.5 Farben in Diagrammen und Graphiken.- 8.8.6 Farben an das Ausgabemedium adaptieren.- Von Zahlen zu Diagrammen.- 9.1 Verschiedene Diagrammarten.- 9.1.1 Kreisdiagramme.- 9.1.2 Balkendiagramme.- 9.1.3 Stabdiagramme.- 9.1.4 Figurendiagramme.- 9.1.5 Liniendiagramme.- 9.1.6 Netzdiagramme.- 9.2 Dreidimensionale Diagramme.- 9.3 Skalen.- 9.4 Weitere Regeln bei Diagrammen.- Prasentationen.- 10.1 Voruberlegungen zu Prasentationen.- 10.2 Von der Information zur Prasentation.- 10.3 Prasentationsmedien.- 10.4 Gliederung der Folien.- 10.5 Schrift in Folien.- 10.6 Makro- und Mikrotypographic in Prasentationen.- 10.6.1 Typo-Orthographie - Schreibregeln.- 10.6.2 Eine sorgfaltige Vorlage ist die halbe Arbeit.- 10.7 Graphiken in Folien.- 10.7.1 Bilder als symbolischer Hintergrund.- 10.7.2 Funktionsgraphiken.- 10.7.3 Weitere Prinzipien bei Graphiken.- 10.8 UEberblendeffekte und Animationen.- 10.9 Weitere Tips fur Prasentationen.- Der Standardbrief.- 11.1 DIN-Brief.- 11.2 Umschlage und Falzarten.- Von der Seite zum Buch.- 12.1 Arbeitsablauf einer Publikation.- 12.2 Die Teile eines Buchs.- 12.3 Titelei.- 12.3.1 Der Schmutztitel.- 12.3.2 Der Haupttitel.- 12.3.3 Impressum.- 12.3.4 Inhaltsverzeichnis.- 12.3.5 Vor- oder Geleitwort.- 12.4 Anhang.- 12.4.1 Bibliographie.- 12.4.2 Glossar.- 12.4.3 Register.- 12.5 Einband.- Satz und Korrektur.- 13.1 Satzanweisungen.- 13.2 Korrekturen, Korrekturzeichen.- Das Belichten.- 14.1 Die Belichtung.- 14.2 PostScript, PDF oder Dokument?.- 14.2.1 PostScript-Dateien.- 14.2.2 Adobe Acrobat - PDF.- 14.2.3 Dokumenten-Dateien.- 14.3 Schriften beim Belichten.- 14.4 Graphiken und Bilder.- 14.5 Angaben zum Belichten.- 14.6 Raster beim Belichten.- 14.7 Belichten von Farben.- 14.8 Belichtungsformular.- 14.9 Proof - Probedruck.- Drucken und Binden.- 15.1 Verschiedene Druckverfahren.- 15.2 Druck-Vorbereitungen.- 15.2.1 Belichten des Films.- 15.2.2 Ausschiessen.-

Computer simulation techniques are now having a major impact on almost all areas of the physical and biological sciences. This book concentrates on the application of these methods to inorganic materials, including topical and industrially relevant systems including zeolites and high Tc superconductors.
The central theme of the book is the use of modern simulation techniques as a structural tool in solid state science. Computer Modelling in Inorganic Crystallography describes the current range of techniques used in modeling crystal structures, and strong emphasis is given to the use of modeling in predicting new crystal structures and refining partially known structures. It also reviews new opportunities being opened up by electronic structure calculation and explains the ways in which these techniques are illuminating our knowledge of bonding in solids.
Key Features
* Includes a thorough review of the technical basis of relevant contemporary methodologies including minimization, Monte-Carlo, molecular dynamics, simulated annealing methods, and electronic structure methods
* Highlights applications to amorphous and crystalline solids
* Surveys simulations of surface and defect properties of solids
* Discusses applications to molecular and inorganic solids

This book discusses the latest advances in algorithms for symbolic summation, factorization, symbolic-numeric linear algebra and linear functional equations. It presents a collection of papers on original research topics from the Waterloo Workshop on Computer Algebra (WWCA-2016), a satellite workshop of the International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation (ISSAC'2016), which was held at Wilfrid Laurier University (Waterloo, Ontario, Canada) on July 23-24, 2016. This workshop and the resulting book celebrate the 70th birthday of Sergei Abramov (Dorodnicyn Computing Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow), whose highly regarded and inspirational contributions to symbolic methods have become a crucial benchmark of computer algebra and have been broadly adopted by many Computer Algebra systems.

A comprehensive, systematic approach to multimedia database management systems. It presents methods for managing the increasing demands of multimedia databases and their inherent design and architecture issues, and covers how to create an effective multimedia database by integrating the various information indexing and retrieval methods available. It also addresses how to measure multimedia database performance that is based on similarity to queries and routinely affected by human judgement. The book concludes with a discussion of networking and operating system support for multimedia databases and a look at research and development in this dynamic field.

The "European Experiment on the Transport and Transformation of Environmentally Relevant Trace Constituents over Europe" (EUROTRAC) was established in 1986 to tackle the scientific problem and combine the expertise, knowledge and resources in Europe, in order to apply them over a large region covering the greater part of the continent. EUROTRAC is a coordinated multidisciplinary scientific research project involving field measurements, laboratory studies, instrument development and development of comprehensive computer models for the simulation of the physical and chemical processes in the lower atmosphere.

R/3 is a business system that has gained global prominence. However, the SAP R/3 has 237,000 function modules. Quite oftenprogrammersare unaware that a module exists which can be of help in their programs. This convenient resource is a collection of the most common ABAP modules, demonstrated within simple programs. These programs for easily searchable examples can be accessed from http: //extras.springer.com/978-1-85233-775-9

The modules in this book are organised for quick reference. This concise reference contains: A full explanation of the layout of reference entries;a brief introduction to SAP; coverage of conversion and date and time modules; file and directory modules; list, long texts, and number modules; useful integration modules for MSOffice and pop-up dialog box management.

This book organises over 300 modules, many of which are undocumented in text, and arranges them for quick and easy reference, and explains when and where to use the most common SAP R/3 ABAP function modules.

"

Streaming Media Architectures, Techniques, and Applications: Recent Advances spans a number of interdependent and emerging topics in streaming media. Streaming media is inherently a cross-disciplinary subject that involves information theory, signal processing, communication and networking etc. Coding and transmission definitely lie in the core position in streaming media, and these research topics have been extremely active in recent years. This book is a comprehensive collection of topics including media coding, wireless/mobile video, P2P media streaming, and applications of streaming media.

Despite the fact that Maple V has become one of the most popular computer algebra systems on the market, surprisingly few users realize its potential in the field of scientific visualization. The purpose of this book is to equip the reader with a variety of graphics tools needed on the voyage of discovery into the complex and often beautiful world of curves and surfaces. A comprehensive treatment of Maple's graphics commands and structures is combined with an introduction to the main aspects of visual perception. Top priority is given to the use of light, color, perspective, and geometric transformations. Numerous examples, accompanied by pictures (many in color), cover all aspects of Maple graphics. The examples can be easily customized to suit the individual needs of the reader. The approach is context independent, and as such will appeal to students, educators, and researchers in a broad spectrum of scientific disciplines. For the general user at any level of experience, this book can serve as a comprehensive reference manual. For the beginner, it offers a user- friendly elementary introduction to the subject, with mathematical requirements kept to a minimum. For those interested in advanced mathematical visualization, it explains how to maximize Maple's graphical capabilities. In particular, this book shows how to turn Maple into an excellent modeling tool capable of generating elaborate surfaces that conventional modelers cannot produce. These surfaces can be exported to an external ray tracer (e.g. POV-ray) for sophisticated photo-realistic rendering. All of the Maple code segments which are presented in the book, as well as high-resolution pictures showing alternative renderingsof some of the book's color plates, are included on the accompanying DOS diskette.

Video technology promises to be the key for the transmission of motion video. A number of video compression techniques and standards have been introduced in the past few years, particularly the MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 for interactive multimedia and for digital NTSC and HDTV applications, and H.2611H.263 for video telecommunications. These techniques use motion estimation techniques to reduce the amount of data that is stored and transmitted for each frame. This book is about these motion estimation algorithms, their complexity, implementations, advantages, and drawbacks. First, we present an overview of video compression techniques with an emphasis to techniques that use motion estimation, such as MPEG and H.2611H.263. Then, we give a survey of current motion estimation search algorithms, including the exhaustive search and a number of fast search algorithms. An evaluation of current search algorithms, based on a number of experiments on several test video sequences, is presented as well. The theoretical framework for a new fast search algorithm, Densely-Centered Uniform-P Search (DCUPS), is developed and presented in the book. The complexity of the DCUPS algorithm is comparable to other popular motion estimation techniques, however the algorithm shows superior results in terms of compression ratios and video qUality. We should stress out that these new results, presented in Chapters 4 and 5, have been developed by Joshua Greenberg, as part of his M.Sc. thesis entitled "Densely-Centered Uniform P-Search: A Fast Motion Estimation Algorithm" (FAU, 1996).