This book is designed to help those with little or no background in the field of defect chemistry to apply its principles and to interpret the related behaviour of materials. It is the product of a course for advanced undergraduates and graduate students that the author taught at Lehigh University for over twenty years. The course is highly interdisciplinary and has been attended by students from the departments of chemical engineering, chemistry, electrical engineering, computer science, geology, materials science and engineering, and physics. The book is intended for use either as a text on such a course, or as a reference work that covers the major principles of defect chemistry.

(2 Volume set). The valuable information in Pearson's Handbook is now more affordable in a handy desk reference. 27,686 entries of the highest quality crystal data, representing 27,686 different compounds. Structure type given for all entries. 54 per cent of entries include the coordinates of the atoms. 605 entries are 'filled-up' structure 1,730 structure types have been assigned by the editor 6,426 belong to berthollide compounds. Data included up to 1995 (6-year update to the Second Edition 12-year update to the First Edition). Full 167-page structure-type index (with all its representatives). Entries include full information, as in the Second Edition. Comprises all the international literature from 1913 to 1995. Includes detailed crystallographic data for unary, binary and ternary phases, excluding halides and ternary (or quaternary) oxides. Fully revised and updated. Covers more than 27,000 compounds, with all data critically evaluated. Includes the following improvements over the original Pearson's.Additional literature years between 1989 to 1995 have been covered completely and comprehensively, based on searches of more than 130 journals and more than 10,000 abstract pages per year. Entries contain additional information, such as calculated density, color, more detailed diffraction data, standard deviation of unit cell dimension(s), point-set symmetry, and full reference, including publication title. All entries and structure types have been computer checked for consistency and correctness. All crystallographic data are now given in the standard setting according to the International Tables for Crystallography. Include a Six-Year Update of the Data in The Second Edition.

This classic text of elementary dislocation theory has been reprinted to fulfil persistent demand. Yet because it approaches elementary dislocation theory from its most basic level, the material contained in the volume is as up-to-date as when first published. The text addresses topics which are fundamental to the theory of dislocation behaviour, such as Burgers vectors and internal stresses of dislocations.

Concise, logical, and mathematically rigorous, this introduction to the theory of dislocations is addressed primarily to students and researchers in the general areas of mechanics and applied mathematics. Its scope encompasses those aspects of dislocation theory which are closely related to the theories of elasticity and macroscopic plasticity, to modern continuum mechanics, and to the theory of cracks and fracture. The volume incorporates several new and original pieces of work, including a development of the theory of dislocation motion and plastic strain for non-linear materials, a new discussion of the line tension model, revised calculations of the Peierls resistance, and a new development of the van der Merwe theory of crystal interfaces.

Dieses Buch fuhrt in die Mathematik der Kristallographie ein. Reihenfolge und Inhalte entsprechen dabei den ublichen Basiskursen in systematischer Mineralogie bzw. Kristallographie - im Gegensatz zu diesen Kursen legt das Buch den Fokus aber konsequent auf die mathematische Betrachtung, Erklarung und Begrundung. Das Buch bildet somit eine Brucke zwischen rein kristallographischer und rein mathematischer Literatur: Mathematiker finden hier wirklichkeitsnahe Anwendungen von analytischer Geometrie und linearer Algebra, Gruppentheorie und Projektionen. Kristallographen, Chemiker, Geologen, Mineralogen und Physiker erhalten mathematische Hintergrundinformationen und Erklarungen zu den bekannten Regeln aus der Kristallographie und Mineralogie. Alle Prinzipien werden durch konkrete Beispiele illustriert und das Gelernte kann durch UEbungsaufgaben gefestigt werden. Die Inhalte sind Studierenden schon in den ersten Studienjahren zuganglich. Der Inhalt Geometrische Darstellung (spharische, stereografische, gnomonische Projektion) Analytische Geometrie von Kristallstrukturen (etwa direktes und reziprokes Gitter) Kristallographische Gruppentheorie (etwa Punkt- und Raumgruppen)

Peter Gross stellt die Synthesen und Kristallzucht der ersten teils protonierten Alkalimetall-Borosulfate sowie Erdalkalimetall-Borosulfate beispielhaft fur Kalium- und Bariumverbindungen vor. Er erlautert praktische Aspekte der anspruchsvollen Probenpraparation, Strukturaufklarung und Bestimmung der Reinheit. Der Autor diskutiert anschliessend die Ergebnisse, systematisiert und ordnet die Verbindungen in die Systematik silicatanaloger Verbindungen ein, um die einzigartige Stellung dieser neuen Materialklasse zu illustrieren. Eine Machbarkeitsstudie zeigt als eine der vielfaltigen Anwendungsfelder den Einsatz von Borosulfaten als Wirtsstruktur fur Leuchtstoffe.

Hydrothermal crystal growth offers a complementary alternative to many of the classical techniques of crystal growth used to synthesise new materials and grow bulk crystals for specific applications. This specialised technique is often capable of growing crystals at temperatures well below their melting points and thus potentially offers routes to new phases or the growth of bulk crystals with less thermal strain. Borate crystals are widely used as nonlinear optical, laser and luminescent materials due to their diversified structures, and good chemical and physical properties. The growth of high-quality borate crystals is required for their applications. A fundamental problem for borate crystal growth is the high-temperature melt structures in the crystal growth systems. This book discusses several crystals and the crystal growth processes.

In this book, the authors present current research in the study of the crystallography, chemistry and catalytic performance of perovskites. Topics discussed include the defect structure and defect-induced expansion of perovskite oxides; perovskite-based catalysts for transformation of natural gas and oxygenates into syngas; Bi containing multiferroic perovskite oxide thin films; perovskites as catalysts for environmental remediation; microwave-assisted synthesis and characterisation of perovskite oxides; perovskite and lead based ceramic materials; photocatalytic properties of perovskite-type layered oxides; structure of perovskite electron-ionic conductors; and distorted perovskites.

Self-sufficient and user-friendly, this book provides a complete introduction to the anisotropic elasticity theory necessary to model a wide range of crystal defects. Assuming little prior knowledge of the subject, the reader is first walked through the required basic mathematical techniques and methods. This is followed by treatments of point, line, planar and volume type defects such as vacancies, dislocations, grain boundaries, inhomogeneities and inclusions. Included are analyses of their elastic fields, interactions with imposed stresses and image stresses, and interactions with other defects, all employing the basic methods introduced earlier. This step by step approach, aided by numerous exercises with solutions provided, strengthens the reader's understanding of the principles involved, extending it well beyond the immediate scope of the book. As the first comprehensive review of anisotropic elasticity theory for crystal defects, this text is ideal for both graduate students and professional researchers.

Fibre (rod) and sheet-shaped crystals with specified size for use as final products without additional machining are required in various applications of modern engineering. In order to avoid formation of internal mechanical stress in the crystal, lateral surface shaping without contact with container walls is preferred. As the crystal is not restricted by crucible walls, its cross-section is determined by the meniscus-shaping capillary forces and the heat and mass-exchange in the melt-crystal system. Any variation of the pulling rate, pressure, temperature gradient in the furnace, and melt temperature at the meniscus base leads to a change in the crystal cross-section and to pinch formation. Over the past two decades, many experimental and theoretical studies have been reported on a powerful approach to crystal lateral surface shaping without contact with container walls, namely the so-called edge-defined film-fed growth (EFG) technique. The shape and size of a single crystal grown by EFG is determined by the shape and size of the meniscus, (i.e: the liquid bridge retained between the die and the crystal) which depend on the radius or half-thickness of the die and other properties such as pulling rate, pressure, temperature gradient and melt temperature. In this book, theoretical and numerical results are obtained using a non-linear mathematical model of the EFG method. Theoretical results presented for fibres and sheets are rigorously obtained on the basis of the equations of the model. Numerical results are obtained on the basis of theoretical results using experimental data. Such results offer a complete package of the possibilities of the model for equipment designers and practical crystal growers.

Experimental and theoretical aspects of crystal growth and its applications, e.g. in devices, are within the scope of these new books . Experimental and theoretical contributions are included in the following fields: theory of nucleation and growth, molecular kinetics and transport phenomena, crystallisation in viscous media such as polymers and glasses; crystal growth of metals, minerals, semiconductors, superconductors, magnetics, inorganic, organic and biological substances in bulk or as thin films; molecular beam epitaxy, chemical vapour deposition, growth of III-V and II-VI and other semiconductors; characterisation of single crystals by physical and chemical methods; apparatus, instrumentation and techniques for crystal growth, and purification methods; multi-layer heterostructures and their characterisation with an emphasis on crystal growth and epitaxial aspects of electronic materials.

The three-dimensional aspects of molecular shape can be crucial to both properties and reactions. The Third Dimension explores the arrangements of atoms in molecules and in different types of solids. Initial chapters describe the common crystal structures and how they are related to close-packed arrangements of ions. Metallic, ionic, molecular and extended covalent crystals are covered; major types of crystal defects are also discussed. The book then introduces isomerism, and explores the stereochemical consequences of the tetrahedral carbon atom. Chirality is also investigated. The book concludes with a Case Study on Liquid Crystals, which describes structures, properties and applications. As visualisation in 3D is an important part of this book, the accompanying CD-ROMs provide video material, interactive questions and exercises using models to aid understanding of crystals, organic molecules and stereochemistry. All necessary programs are provided. The Molecular World series provides an integrated introduction to all branches of chemistry for both students wishing to specialise and those wishing to gain a broad understanding of chemistry and its relevance to the everyday world and to other areas of science. The books, with their Case Studies and accompanying multi-media interactive CD-ROMs, will also provide valuable resource material for teachers and lecturers. (The CD-ROMs are designed for use on a PC running Windows 95, 98, ME or 2000.)

A comprehensive resource book providing professionals and students with a broad survey of structural information delineating the parallel development of crystallography and modern chemistry. Provides detailed description of crystal structures in increasing levels of complexity, from metals to organics, inorganics, organometallics, and inclusion compounds. Examples used to illustrate topics have been carefully selected to reflect the major advances of recent years and to bring the reader to the forefront of active research by including topics of current interest.

A photonic crystal fiber (also called microstructure fiber, holey fiber, holeassisted fiber, or micro-structured optical fiber, etc.) is a single material optical fiber which obtains its waveguide properties from an arrangement of very tiny and closely spaced airholes which go through the whole length of the fiber. Unlike the traditional fiber, both the core and cladding are made from the same material in PCFs and light can be well confined and guided properly through the fiber by the mechanism of either total internal reflection (TIR) or photonic band gap (PBG). This book discusses the characteristics, performance and applications of photonic crystals. Chapter One reviews the design characteristics and optical properties. Chapter Two studies band structure of metal/dielectric photonic crystals. Chapter Three describes the splitting method in multicore photonic crystal fiber (PCF). Chapter Four focuses on switches, isolators, circulators, and multifunctional components for optical and THz regions based on 2D photonic crystals with magneto-optical resonators.

Epigenetic Technological Applications is a compilation of state-of-the-art technologies involved in epigenetic research. Epigenetics is an exciting new field of biology research, and many technologies are invented and developed specifically for epigenetics study. With chapters covering the latest developments in crystallography, computational modeling, the uses of histones, and more, Epigenetic Technological Applications addresses the question of how these new ideas, procedures, and innovations can be applied to current epigenetics research, and how they can keep pushing discovery forward and beyond the epigenetic realm.

The Atlas-monograph presents a novel approach to the study of the development of snow cover based on its crystal morphology and the fundamental laws of natural symmetry. The Atlas displays more than 320 microphotos of crystals of depth hoar and newly fallen, wind-transported, and small- and medium-grained snow in various mountain and flatland regions of Russia. The principal types of geometrical symmetry are shown along with the phase forms of crystal growth and decomposition and constructive and regressive metamorphism in both loose and dense snow. Illustrated are the morphological features of contact interaction between particles in crystal aggregates under free and tightly packed conditions of growth. Phototables of crystals are furnished with schematics and essential explanatory comments underscoring the most important crystal-morphological features of the hydrothermal fields and the fields of deforming stresses in the snowpack. The presented conceptual model describes the unclosed sublimation-metamorphic evolution cycle of seasonal snow cover and the regional variants of this cycle as its polymorphic (in that number regional) modifications. This model serves as a cornerstone of evolutionary concept. Snow cover is represented as a natural community of the shapes of growing crystals interacting with each other and exposed to environmental influences. It is worked out of the empirical deterministic models describing the sublimation-metamorphic cycle of seasonal snow cover and the polymorphic variants of this cycle. The main driving force of processes yielding an evolutionary row of crystals is the internal interactions within a snow pack. For all that the factor of time (the age of the genetic player) plays a crucial role in sublimation metamorphism. Stadiality of the forms of crystal growth and self-development snow layers are revealed. They are a result of the successive process of superposition of ice crystal-chemical symmetry and dissymmetry of the whole system. Soil-snow-atmosphere, according to the known P. Curie principle. The book is intended for glaciologists and snow scientists employed in the study of the structure of snow cover and in avalanche forecasting as well as for specialists in the field of mineralogical crystallography and crystal growth.

Chemical crystallography is the study of the principles of chemistry behind crystals and their use in describing structure-property relations in solids. The principles that govern the assembly of crystal and glass structures are described, models of many of the technologically important crystal structures are studied, and the effect of crystal structure on the various fundamental mechanisms responsible for many physical properties are discussed. This new book presents and reviews data on the co-ordination chemistry of several metal complexes with dipicolinic acid and the crystal structure of some anti-malarial metal complexes.

This book brings together new leading-edge research on bosons, ferromagnetism and crystal growth.

Experimental and theoretical aspects of crystal growth and its applications, e.g. in devices, are within the scope of these new books . Experimental and theoretical contributions are included in the following fields: theory of nucleation and growth, molecular kinetics and transport phenomena, crystallisation in viscous media such as polymers and glasses; crystal growth of metals, minerals, semiconductors, superconductors, magnetics, inorganic, organic and biological substances in bulk or as thin films; molecular beam epitaxy, chemical vapour deposition, growth of III-V and II-VI and other semiconductors; characterisation of single crystals by physical and chemical methods; apparatus, instrumentation and techniques for crystal growth, and purification methods; multi-layer heterostructures and their characterisation with an emphasis on crystal growth and epitaxial aspects of electronic materials.

Perspectives in Supramolecular Chemistry will relate recent developments and new exciting approaches in supramolecular chemistry. In supramolecular chemistry, our aim is to understand molecular chemistry beyond the covalent bond - the series will concentrate on goal-orientated supramolecular chemistry. Perspectives in Supramolecular Chemistry will reflect research which develops supramolecular structures with specific new properties, such as recognition, transport and simulation of biosystems or new materials. The series will cover all areas from theoretical and modelling aspects through organic and inorganic chemistry and biochemistry to materials, solid-state and polymer sciences reflecting the many and varied applications of supramolecular structures in modern chemistry. Transition Metals in Supramolecular Chemistry Edited by Jean-Pierre Sauvage, Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France The chemistry of weak forces and non-covalent interactions as pioneered by Pedersen, Lehn and Cram is considered to be the origin of modern supramolecular chemistry. 30 years ago transition metals and their complexes were not regarded as important to this science. Transition Metals in Supramolecular Chemistry clearly demonstrates that today, transition metal complexes are routinely used to build large multicomponent architectures which display new and exciting applications including molecular switches, liquid crystals, and molecular magnets. Contents

1. Ligand and Metal Control of Self-Assembly in Supramolecular Chemistry
2. Bistability in Iron (II) Spin-Crossover Systems: A Supramolecular Function
3. Luminescent Sensors with and for Transition Metals
4. The Chirality of Polynuclear Transition Metal Complexes
5. Design and Serendipity in the Synthesis of Polynuclear Compounds of the 3d-metals
6. Rotaxanes: From Random to Transition Metal-Templated Threading of Rings at the Molecular Level
7. Metallomesogens — Supramolecular Organisation of Metal Complexes in Fluid Phases
8. Self-Assembly of Interlocked Structures with Cucurbituril Metal Ions and Metal Complexes