The Cost of Electricity is an essential tool for any researcher or practitioner seeking to establish the economic and environmental cost of power generation, and thereby to analyse the economic feasibility of power systems. Chapters cover capital cost, fuel cost, levelised cost, subsidies and tariffs, lifetime emission analysis, net energy analysis, traditional generation costs and renewable generation costs. The work is based on published analyses of generation costs and generation cost predictions from trusted organisations such as the US Energy Information Administration and the IEA. Chapters proceed in a logical manner through cost factors before concluding with the current and future cost of electricity generation.

Internet of things networks have changed the standard of how computing and electronic systems are interconnected. Computing and electronic devices and systems, with the help of 5G technology, can now be seamlessly linked in a way that is rapidly turning the globe into a digital world. Smart cities and the internet of things are here to stay but not without some challenges; a thorough review of the opportunities, difficulties, and benefits of 5G internet of things is necessary for it to be successfully utilized and implemented. 5G Internet of Things and Changing Standards for Computing and Electronic Systems examines modern computers and electronics and how they provide seamless connectivity due to the development of internet of things technology. Moreover, this reference covers various technologies and their roles and impacts in the future of smart cities. Covering a range of topics such as machine learning and renewable energy systems, this reference work is ideal for scientists, engineers, policymakers, researchers, practitioners, academicians, scholars, instructors, and students.

Power electronics converters are devices that change parameters of electric power, such as voltage and frequency, as well as between AC and DC. They are essential parts of both advanced drives, for machines and vehicles, and energy systems to meet required flexibility and efficiency criteria. In energy systems both stationary and mobile, control and converters help ensure reliability and quality of electric power supplies. This reference in two volumes is useful reading for scientists and researchers working with power electronics, drives and energy systems; manufacturers developing power electronics for advanced applications; professionals working in the utilities sector; and for advanced students of subjects related to power electronics. Volume 1 covers converters and control for drives, while Volume 2 addresses clean generation and power grids. The chapters enable the reader to directly apply the knowledge gained to their research and designs. Topics include reliability, WBG power semiconductor devices, converter topology and their fast response, matrix and multilevel converters, nonlinear dynamics, AI and machine learning. Robust modern control is covered as well. A coherent chapter structure and step-by-step explanation provide the reader with the understanding to pursue their research.

Optimal Operation of Integrated Multi-Energy Systems Under Uncertainty discusses core concepts, advanced modeling and key operation strategies for integrated multi-energy systems geared for use in optimal operation. The book particularly focuses on reviewing novel operating strategies supported by relevant code in MATLAB and GAMS. It covers foundational concepts, key challenges and opportunities in operational implementation, followed by discussions of conventional approaches to modeling electricity, heat and gas networks. This modeling is the base for more detailed operation strategies for optimal operation of integrated multi-energy systems under uncertainty covered in the latter part of the work.

The application areas of batteries are currently booming. The recent generation of devices combines a high energy density with a reasonable cost and life expectancy, making them suitable not only for cars but also electric bikes, scooters, forklifts, gardening and household tools, storage batteries as well as airborne applications such as drones, helicopters, and small airplanes. Since manufacturing batteries requires a lot of energy and minerals, extending the life of the battery is worthwhile from both an ecologic and an economic point of view. The use of Battery Management Systems (BMS) can extend battery life, if they are used with a sound understanding of the internal electrical processes. This book provides insight into the electric behaviour of batteries for researchers involved with the design of battery management systems, and experts involved with electric vehicle development. It covers a range of options for designing battery management and cell balancing systems, with a focus on inductive balancing. After an overview of previous and current battery types, chapters convey a number of cell-balancing techniques, such as passive and active equalizer circuits, with a focus on transformer and coupled inductor based balancing methods. In addition, cell voltage monitoring and charging are investigated. Furthermore, solutions are provided to reduce the number of inductive components, the number of windings, and practical implementation.

Techno-Economic Challenges of Green Ammonia as an Energy Vector presents the fundamentals, techno-economic challenges, applications, and state-of-the-art research in using green ammonia as a route toward the hydrogen economy. This book presents practical implications and case studies of a great variety of methods to recover stored energy from ammonia and use it for power, along with transport and heating applications, including its production, storage, transportation, regulations, public perception, and safety aspects. As a unique reference in this field, this book can be used both as a handbook by researchers and a source of background knowledge by graduate students developing technologies in the fields of hydrogen economy, hydrogen energy, and energy storage.

Exergy: Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development, Third Edition provides a systematic overview of new and developed systems, new practical examples, problems and case studies on several key topics ranging from the basics of thermodynamic concepts to advanced exergy analysis techniques in a wide range of applications. With an ancillary online package and solutions manual, this reference connects exergy with three essential areas in terms of energy, environment and sustainable development. As such, it is a thorough reference for professionals who are solving problems related to design, analysis, modeling and assessment.

Heat Transfer Engineering: Fundamentals and Techniques reviews the core mechanisms of heat transfer and provides modern methods to solve practical problems encountered by working practitioners, with a particular focus on developing engagement and motivation. The book reviews fundamental concepts in conduction, forced convection, free convection, boiling, condensation, heat exchangers and mass transfer succinctly and without unnecessary exposition. Throughout, copious examples drawn from current industrial practice are examined with an emphasis on problem-solving for interest and insight rather than the procedural approaches often adopted in courses. The book contains numerous important solved and unsolved problems, utilizing modern tools and computational sources wherever relevant. A subsection on common issues and recent advances is presented in each chapter, encouraging the reader to explore a greater diversity of problems.

Nanogrids are small energy grids, powered by various generators often including photovoltaics. For example, a nanogrid might supply a village in a rural area and allow that village to trade its surplus energy. A picogrid is a still smaller energy grid. IRENA defines nanogrids as systems handling up to 5 kW of power while picogrids handle up to 1 kW. Nanogrids and picogrids can play roles in urban, suburban and rural areas, particularly in developing countries, and can help with decarbonising the energy systems and empowering citizens. Electric vehicles (EV) are poised to play important roles and need to be accounted for in emerging and future small grids. This book introduces the principles of nano- and picogrids, then goes on to provide a technical analysis covering connected resources, modelling and performance, power quality and protection. The use of nano- and picogrids in conjunction with EV, charger technologies, the IoT, cloud computing and data sharing is explored. Case studies of real-life projects help readers to understand and apply the concepts for their own projects. Nanogrids and Picogrids and their Integration with Electric Vehicles is a valuable resource for researchers involved with power systems, particularly those with an interest in power supply in rural areas, or anyone with a particular interest in nano- and microgrids. It is also of use to advanced students, and to engineers working in utilities.

Power System Flexibility provides a consolidated foundation in the design, planning, and operation of intermittent highly renewable power systems—integrating core theory, mathematical analysis, and modern international applications in an unusually multidisciplinary approach. Opening with an expansive theoretical grounding in the definition, analysis, and modeling of power systems, the book demonstrates how to apply flexibility theory to critical problems involving intermittency and variability in power system planning and operation. The guide concludes with an international complement of case studies, demonstrating how flexibility theory has been applied to real-world projects of increasing complexity.

Advances in Thermal Energy Storage Systems, 2nd edition, presents a fully updated comprehensive analysis of thermal energy storage systems (TES) including all major advances and developments since the first edition published. This very successful publication provides readers with all the information related to TES in one resource, along with a variety of applications across the energy/power and construction sectors, as well as, new to this edition, the transport industry. After an introduction to TES systems, editor Dr. Prof. Luisa Cabeza and her team of expert authors consider the source, design and operation of the use of water, molten salts, concrete, aquifers, boreholes and a variety of phase-change materials for TES systems, before analyzing and simulating underground TES systems. This edition benefits from 5 new chapters covering the most advanced technologies including sorption systems, thermodynamic and dynamic modelling as well as applications to the transport industry and the environmental and economic aspects of TES. It will benefit researchers and academics of energy systems and thermal energy storage, construction engineering academics, engineers and practitioners in the energy and power industry, as well as architects of plants and storage systems and R&D managers.

An increasing interest in renewable energy resources and the search for maintainable energy policies have inspired the research contributions included in this book. Energy production and distribution need to respond to the modern world's dependence on conventional fuels. To achieve this, collaborative research is required between multiple disciplines, including materials, energy networks, new energy resources, storage solutions, waste to energy systems, smart grids and many other related subjects. Energy policies and management are of primary importance for sustainability and need to be consistent with recent advances in energy production and distribution. Challenges lie as much in the conversion from renewable energies such as wind and solar to useful forms like electricity, heat and fuel at an acceptable cost (including environmental damage) as in the integration of these resources into existing infrastructure.

Access to power and electricity is a vital resource for businesses and for sustaining the livelihood of consumers. However, producing reliable and renewable energy and distributing it in rural areas can be challenging. Such activities require special technical support measures for organizing a highly efficient and cost-effective production process. Renewable Energy and Power Supply Challenges for Rural Regions provides innovative insights into energy production, consumption, and distribution in rural regions and examines sustainable and renewable power sources. The content within this publication explores such topics as renewable energy, electrical network, and thermal energy storage. It is designed for electricians, policymakers, state officials, professionals, researchers, and academicians.

Converter-Based Dynamics and Control of Modern Power Systems addresses the ongoing changes and challenges in rotating masses of synchronous generators, which are transforming dynamics of the electrical system. These changes make it more important to consider and understand the role of power electronic systems and their characteristics in shaping the subtleties of the grid and this book fills that knowledge gap. Balancing theory, discussion, diagrams, mathematics, and data, this reference provides the information needed to acquire a thorough overview of resilience issues and frequency definition and estimation in modern power systems. This book offers an overview of classical power system dynamics and identifies ways of establishing future challenges and how they can be considered at a global level to overcome potential problems. The book is designed to prepare future engineers for operating a system that will be driven by electronics and less by electromechanical systems.

Power Electronics and Motor Drives: Advances and Trends, Second Edition is the perfect resource to keep the electrical engineer up-to-speed on the latest advancements in technologies, equipment and applications. Carefully structured to include both traditional topics for entry-level and more advanced applications for the experienced engineer, this reference sheds light on the rapidly growing field of power electronic operations. New content covers converters, machine models and new control methods such as fuzzy logic and neural network control. This reference will help engineers further understand recent technologies and gain practical understanding with its inclusion of many industrial applications. Further supported by a glossary per chapter, this book gives engineers and researchers a critical reference to learn from real-world examples and make future decisions on power electronic technology and applications.