This book contains selected papers presented during the World Renewable Energy Network's 28thanniversary congress at the University of Kingston in London. The forum highlighted the integration of renewables and sustainable buildings as the best means to combat climate change. In-depth chapters written by the world's leading experts highlight the most current research and technological breakthroughs and discuss policy, renewable energy technologies and applications in all sectors - for heating and cooling, agricultural applications, water, desalination, industrial applications and for the transport sectors. Presents cutting-edge research in green building and renewable energy from all over the world; Covers the most up-to-date research developments, government policies, business models, best practices and innovations; Contains case studies and examples to enhance practical application of the technologies.

Placing emphasis on practical "how-to" guidance, this cutting-edge resource provides a first-hand, insider's perspective on the advent and evolution of smart grids in the 21st century. This book presents engineers, researchers, and students with the building blocks that comprise basic smart grids, including power plant, transmission substation, distribution, and meter automation. Moreover, this forward-looking volume explores the next step of this technology's evolution. It provides a detailed explanation of how an advanced smart grid incorporates demand response with smart appliances and management mechanisms for distributed generation, energy storage, and electric vehicles. This updated second edition focuses on the disruptive impact of DER. This new edition also includes a glossary with well over 100 acronyms and terms, acknowledging the tremendous challenge for a student of smart energy and smart grid to grasp this complex industry. Market Practicing power engineers, academics, researchers, industry analysts, and power regulators

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and the Internet of Things are facing tremendous advances both in terms of energy-efficiency as well as in the number of available applications. Consequently, there are challenges that need to be tackled for the future generation of WSNs. After giving an overview of the WSN protocols and IEEE 802.15.4 standard, this book proposes IEEE 802.15.4 Medium Access Control (MAC) sub-layer performance enhancements by employing not only RTS/CTS combined with packet concatenation but also scheduled channel poling (MC-SCP). Results have shown that the use of the RTS/CTS mechanism improves channel efficiency by decreasing the deferral time before transmitting a data packet. Furthermore, the Sensor Block Acknowledgment MAC (SBACK-MAC) protocol enables more efficiency as it allows the aggregation of several acknowledgement responses in one special Block Acknowledgment (BACK) Response packet. The throughput and delay performance have been mathematically derived under both ideal conditions (a channel environment with no transmission errors) and non-ideal conditions (with transmission errors). Simulation results successfully validate the proposed analytical models. This research reveals the importance of an appropriate design for the MAC sub-layer protocol for the desired WSN application. Depending on the mission of the WSN application, different protocols are required. Therefore, the overall performance of a WSN application certainly depends on the development and application of suitable e.g., MAC, network layer protocols.

Our aim in this book is to present a bird's-eye view of microwave tubes (MWTs) which continue to be important despite competitive incursions from solid-state devices (SSDs). We have presented a broad and introductory survey which we hope the readers would be encouraged to read rather than going through lengthier books, and subsequently explore the field of MWTs further in selected areas of relevance to their respective interests. We hope that the present book would motivate newcomers to pursue research in MWTs and apprise them as well as decision makers of the salient features and prospects of as well as the trends of progress in MWTs. The scope of ever expanding applications of MWTs in the high power and high frequency regime will sustain and intensify the research and development in MWTs in coming years.

Transient events are short-lived bursts of energy in a system resulting from a sudden change of the state. They can be caused by faults, switching events or sudden changes in generation and load. Given the need to expand HV cable grids and to interconnect national grids to increase grid flexibility, the effects of such transients need to be understood in order to maintain the security of power supply and power quality. This book presents an overview of formulas to model transients in cable systems based on complete solutions of Maxwell's equations. It presents solutions to particularly model important high frequency phenomena. The impedance and admittance at a very low frequency for HVDC systems are investigated. In addition, the modeling methods of underground cables created in the Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP) are described. Moreover, the wave propagation characteristics of overhead lines and underground cables, and steady-state and transient behaviour of three-phase cables are further investigated in this book. Finally, transients in large interconnected HV cable networks in Denmark and the Netherlands are presented as case studies. Electromagnetic Transients in Large HV Cable Networks enables researchers, HV system manufacturers and grid operators to model, simulate and analyse transient phenomena in large HV cable systems and to create solutions to counter and mitigate them.

Fundamentals of Nonlinear Digital Filtering is the first book of its kind, presenting and evaluating current methods and applications in nonlinear digital filtering. Written for professors, researchers, and application engineers, as well as for serious students of signal processing, this is the only book available that functions as both a reference handbook and a textbook. Solid introductory material, balanced coverage of theoretical and practical aspects, and dozens of examples provide you with a self-contained, comprehensive information source on nonlinear filtering and its applications.

This is the first machine-generated scientific book in chemistry published by Springer Nature. Serving as an innovative prototype defining the current status of the technology, it also provides an overview about the latest trends of lithium-ion batteries research. This book explores future ways of informing researchers and professionals. State-of-the-art computer algorithms were applied to: select relevant sources from Springer Nature publications, arrange these in a topical order, and provide succinct summaries of these articles. The result is a cross-corpora auto-summarization of current texts, organized by means of a similarity-based clustering routine in coherent chapters and sections. This book summarizes more than 150 research articles published from 2016 to 2018 and provides an informative and concise overview of recent research into anode and cathode materials as well as further aspects such as separators, polymer electrolytes, thermal behavior and modelling. With this prototype, Springer Nature has begun an innovative journey to explore the field of machine-generated content and to find answers to the manifold questions on this fascinating topic. Therefore it was intentionally decided not to manually polish or copy-edit any of the texts so as to highlight the current status and remaining boundaries of machine-generated content. Our goal is to initiate a broad discussion, together with the research community and domain experts, about the future opportunities, challenges and limitations of this technology.

In an era of increasing contributions from intermittent renewable resources, energy storage is becoming more important to ensure a resilient and reliable electricity supply. Energy Storage at Different Voltage Levels presents the technology, integration and market aspects of energy storage in the various generation, transmission, distribution, and customer levels of the grid. Starting with a comprehensive overview of energy storage technologies and their emerging codes and standards, the book discusses energy storage capacity requirements in electricity mix scenarios at different levels; energy storage in microgrids; energy storage in electricity markets; the role of storage in transmission investment deferral and management of future planning uncertainty; sizing of battery energy storage for end user application under time of use pricing; evaluation of multiple storage benefits and optimization of energy storage operations in distribution networks; use and role of flywheel energy storage systems; forecasting and optimization for multi-purpose application of energy storage systems to deliver grid services (a case study of the smarter network storage project); and optimal coordination between generation and storage under uncertainties. Also included are country-specific case studies from Romania, Italy and Turkey.

Energy for today's complex electrical power systems is increasingly being generated and distributed locally using small-scale, renewable energy sources. The addition of renewables to the grid requires new tools and operation methods, both for suppliers and industrial consumers. This book describes the supporting technologies that can turn conventional passive electricity delivery networks into the active networks of the future, with a focus on electricity utilization in the industrial environment. It examines the integration of the new, dispersed sources with the legacy systems of centralised generation, as well as how the new technologies can operate effectively in isolated systems. Industrial power distribution, lighting, motor control and protection are discussed in detail. The presentation of the details of the enabling technologies makes this book a valuable reference for researchers, students and engineers involved in the planning, design and installation of new systems or the upgrading of existing ones.

This book focuses on oil-paper insulation included in power transformers, especially for EHV and UHV transformers. The importance on insulation ever increased due to a growing voltage rating of transformers. Within the last decades, although research on the transformer insulation and diagnosis methods has advanced a lot, the insulation of HV transformers remained more or less unchanged. The book is divided into five chapters; the first and second chapters explain the basics of oil insulation, while the third chapter focuses on paper insulation. The final two chapters deal with the methods and outcome of testing both techniques. The primary target audience for this book is graduate students and power system engineers.

As the demand for efficient energy sources continues to grow around the globe, electrical systems are becoming more essential to meet these increased needs. As these systems are being utilized more frequently, it becomes imperative to find ways of optimizing their overall function. Design Parameters of Electrical Network Grounding Systems is a critical scholarly resource that examines safe grounding designs of electrical networks. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics such as cathodic protection of grounding grids, grounding connections, and soil resistivity evaluation, this book is geared towards academicians, practitioners, and researchers seeking current research on electrical networks.

This book provides a cutting-edge research overview on the latest developments in the field of Optics and Photonics. All chapters are authored by the pioneers in their field and will cover the developments in Quantum Photonics, Optical properties of 2D Materials, Optical Sensors, Organic Opto-electronics, Nanophotonics, Metamaterials, Plasmonics, Quantum Cascade lasers, LEDs, Biophotonics and biomedical photonics and spectroscopy.

This book presents advanced studies on the conversion efficiency, mechanical reliability, and the quality of power related to wind energy systems. The main concern regarding such systems is reconciling the highly intermittent nature of the primary source (wind speed) with the demand for high-quality electrical energy and system stability. This means that wind energy conversion within the standard parameters imposed by the energy market and power industry is unachievable without optimization and control. The book discusses the rapid growth of control and optimization paradigms and applies them to wind energy systems: new controllers, new computational approaches, new applications, new algorithms, and new obstacles.

This book covers emerging energy storage technologies and material characterization methods along with various systems and applications in building, power generation systems and thermal management. The authors present options available for reducing the net energy consumption for heating/cooling, improving the thermal properties of the phase change materials and optimization methods for heat storage embedded multi-generation systems. An in-depth discussion on the natural convection-driven phase change is included. The book also discusses main energy storage options for thermal management practices in photovoltaics and phase change material applications that aim passive thermal control. This book will appeal to researchers and professionals in the fields of mechanical engineering, chemical engineering, electrical engineering, renewable energy, and thermodynamics. It can also be used as an ancillary text in upper-level undergraduate courses and graduate courses in these fields.

Originating from the 8th edition of the Energy and Sustainability conference, the research included in this volume contributes to the increasing amount of interest in renewable energy resources and the search for maintainable energy policies. Energy production and distribution need to respond to the modern world's dependency on conventional fuels. This volume includes collaborative research between different disciplines, including materials, energy networks, new energy resources, storage solutions, waste to energy systems, smart grids and many other related subjects. Energy policies and management are of primary importance to achieve the development of sustainability and need to be consistent with recent advances in energy production and distribution. Challenges lie as much in the conversion from renewable energies such as wind and solar to useful forms like electricity, heat and fuel at an acceptable cost (including environmental damage) as in the integration of these resources into an existing infrastructure. A range of topics are covered, including: Energy efficiency, Energy storage and distribution, Sustainable buildings, Energy policies, Biomass and biofuels, Environmental risk management, Case studies and Ecosystem modelling.

Introduction to Transfer Phenomena in PEM Fuel Cells presents the fruit of several years of research in the area of fuel cells. The book illustrates the transfer phenomena occurring inside a single cell and describes the technology field of hydrogen, explicitly the production, storage and risk management of hydrogen as an energy carrier. Several applications of hydrogen are also cited, and special interest is dedicated to the PEM Fuel Cell. Mass, charge and heat transfer phenomena are also discussed in this great resource that includes explanations, illustrations and governing equations for each section.

Providing an introduction to the design of embedded microprocessor systems, this edition covers everything from the initial concept through to debugging the final result. It also includes material on DMA, interrupts and an emphasis throughout on the real-time nature of embedded systems. The book is not limited to describing any specific processor family, but covers the operation of, and interfaces to, several types of processors with an emphasis on cost and design trade-offs Included throughout the book are numerous examples, tips, and pitfalls to help readers find out how to implement faster and better design processes and avoid time-consuming and expensive mistakes. The author describes the entire process of designing circuits, and the software that controls them, assessing the system requirements, as well as testing and debugging systems. In this third edition, there is an expanded section on debug which includes avoiding common hardware, software and interrupt problems. Other added features include an expanded section on system integration and debug to address the capabilities of more recent emulators and debuggers, a section about combination microcontroller/PLD devices, and

This book provides a concise introduction to the physical foundations of the electro-discharge technology and applies it to the drilling of wells, the demolition of reinforced concrete objects, and the cutting of cracks in rocks and concrete. The electro-physical basis of this technology and the technical implementation of using spark discharge as a "working tool" in the above-mentioned contexts are also briefly considered. The book is intended for all scientists and experts working in the field of resource exploration and extraction, those engaged in building new objects, and in reconstructing or demolishing old ones. It can also be used as a textbook by students and postgraduates, deepening their knowledge of these innovative technologies.

This book describes an original improvement in power quality of photovoltaic generation systems obtained by the use of a multilevel inverter implemented with level doubling network (LDN). Modulation principles and harmonic analysis of output voltages are proposed and introduced in detail for both single and three-phase LDN configurations. The analysis is then extended to dc-link current and voltage, with emphasis to low-frequency harmonics and switching frequency ripple. This work represents the first comprehensive implementation of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) schemes using the ripple correlation control (RCC) algorithm in the presence of multiple ripple harmonics, such as in the case of multi level inverters. Numerical simulations and experimental tests are carefully reported here, together with practical insights into the design of dc-link capacitors.

Recognized as a "Recommended" title by Choice for their November 2020 issue. Choice is a publishing unit at the Association of College & Research Libraries (ACR&L), a division of the American Library Association. Choice has been the acknowledged leader in the provision of objective, high-quality evaluations of nonfiction academic writing. Presenting a fundamental definition of resilience, the book examines the concept of resilience as it relates to space system design. The book establishes the required definitions, relates its place to existing state-of-the-art systems engineering practices, and explains the process and mathematical tools used to achieve a resilient design. It discusses a variety of potential threats and their impact upon a space system. By providing multiple, real-world examples to illustrate the application of the design methodology, the book covers the necessary techniques and tools, while guiding the reader through the entirety of the process. The book begins with space systems basics to ensure the reader is versed in the functions and components of the system prior to diving into the details of resilience. However, the text does not assume that the reader has an extensive background in the subject matter of resilience. This book is aimed at engineers and architects in the areas of aerospace, space systems, and space communications.