In an uncertain and complex environment, to ensure secure and stable operations of large-scale power systems is one of the biggest challenges that power engineers have to address today. Traditionally, power system operations and decision-making in controls are based on power system computations of physical models describing the behavior of power systems. Largely, physical models are constructed according to some assumptions and simplifications, and such is the case with power system models. However, the complexity of power system stability problems, along with the system's inherent uncertainties and nonlinearities, can result in models that are impractical or inaccurate. This calls for adaptive or deep-learning algorithms to significantly improve current control schemes that solve decision and control problems. Cyberphysical Infrastructures in Power Systems: Architectures and Vulnerabilities provides an extensive overview of CPS concepts and infrastructures in power systems with a focus on the current state-of-the-art research in this field. Detailed classifications are pursued highlighting existing solutions, problems, and developments in this area.

Microgrids have emerged as a promising solution for accommodating the integration of renewable energy resources. But the intermittency of renewable generation is posing challenges such as voltage/frequency fluctuations, and grid stability issues in grid-connected modes. Model predictive control (MPC) is a method for controlling a process while satisfying a set of constraints. It has been in use for chemical plants and in oil refineries since the 1980s, but in recent years has been deployed for power systems and electronics as well. This concise work for researchers, engineers and graduate students focuses on the use of MPC for distributed renewable power generation in microgrids. Fluctuating outputs from renewable energy sources and variable load demands are covered, as are control design concepts. The authors provide examples and case studies to validate the theory with both simulation and experimental results and review the shortcomings and future developments. Chapters treat power electronic converters and control; modelling and hierarchical control of microgrids; use of MPC for PV and wind power; voltage support; parallel PV-ESS microgrids; secondary restoration capability; and tertiary power flow optimization.

Power System Fault Diagnosis: A Wide Area Measurement Based Intelligent Approach is a comprehensive overview of the growing interests in efficient diagnosis of power system faults to reduce outage duration and revenue losses by expediting the restoration process. This book illustrates intelligent fault diagnosis schemes for power system networks, at both transmission and distribution levels, using data acquired from phasor measurement units. It presents the power grid modeling, fault modeling, feature extraction processes, and various fault diagnosis techniques, including artificial intelligence techniques, in steps. The book also incorporates uncertainty associated with line parameters, fault information (resistance and inception angle), load demand, renewable energy generation, and measurement noises.

Reluctance motors induce non-permanent magnetic poles on the ferromagnetic rotor; the rotor does not have any windings and torque is generated through magnetic reluctance. Synchronous reluctance motors (SyRMs) have an equal number of stator and rotor poles. Reluctance motors can deliver high power density at low cost, so they are finding increasing application in the transport sector. Disadvantages include high torque ripple and the complexity of designing and controlling them. Advances in theory, computer design, and control electronics can overcome these issues. This hands-on reference covers the concept and design of synchronous reluctance motors. It conveys all key topics required to understand this technology. Chapters cover magnetic materials, geometry, modeling, design and analysis, optimization, production technology, fault-tolerance, experimental validation, and self-sensing-oriented optimization. Synchronous Reluctance Machines: Analysis, optimization and applications is ideal for researchers working on electrical machines and motors, particularly electric vehicles. The writers - experts from academia and industry - provide the reader with an excellent background and understanding of the core concepts involved in synchronous reluctance motors such that they can engage in their own R&D. The authors of this book are kindly donating all royalties to Operazione Mato Grosso.

Power systems are becoming increasingly complex as well as flexible, able to integrate distributed renewable generation, EV, and additional loads. This expanded and updated second edition covers the technologies needed to operate modern power grids. Initial chapters cover power system modelling, telegrapher equations, power flow analysis, discrete Fourier transformation and stochastic differential equations. Ensuing chapters deal with power system operation and control, power flow, real-time control and state estimation techniques for distribution systems as well as shipboard systems. The final chapters describe stability analysis of power systems and cover voltage stability, transient stability, time delays, and limit cycles. New content for the second edition includes four new chapters on recent modelling, control and stability analysis of power electronic converters and electric vehicles. This new edition is an essential guide to technologies for operating modern flexible power systems for PhD students, early-career researchers and practitioners in the field.

Innovation Dynamics and Policy in the Energy Sector discusses the process and future of global innovation in the energy sector based on the innovation leadership example of Texas. The book proposes that the positive dynamics of Texas energy sector innovations arises from a confluence of factors, including supportive institutions, the management of technological change, competitive markets, astute public policy, intraindustrial collaboration, a cultural focus on change and risk-taking, and natural resource abundance. Heavily case-study focused chapters review the fundamental drivers of innovation, from key discoveries at Spindletop; the proliferation of oil production through major field development; through electric sector deregulation; and recent innovation in hydraulic fracking, renewable integration, and carbon capture. The work closes to argue that sustainable global innovation addressing the twin challenges of climate change and the energy transition must be driven by the promotion of competition and risk-taking which continually promotes the development of ideas, a process jointly funded by the public and private sectors and supported by collaborative and competitive institutions.

Electrification: Accelerating the Energy Transition offers a widely applicable framework to delineate context-sensitive pathways by which this transition can be accelerated and lists the types of processes and structures that may hinder progress towards this goal. The framework draws insights from well-established literature, ranging from technological studies to socio-technical studies of energy transitions, on to strategic niche management approaches, (international) political economy approaches, and institutionalist literatures, while also adopting wider social theoretical ideas from structuration theory. Contributors discuss a multitude of case studies drawn from global examples of electrification projects. Brief case studies and text boxes help users further understand this domain and the technological, infrastructural and societal structures that may exercise significant powers.

Power electronics converters are devices that change parameters of electric power, such as voltage and frequency, as well as between AC and DC. They are essential parts of both advanced drives, for machines and vehicles, and energy systems to meet required flexibility and efficiency criteria. In energy systems both stationary and mobile, control and converters help ensure reliability and quality of electric power supplies. This reference in two volumes is useful reading for scientists and researchers working with power electronics, drives and energy systems; manufacturers developing power electronics for advanced applications; professionals working in the utilities sector; and for advanced students of subjects related to power electronics. Volume 1 covers converters and control for drives, while Volume 2 addresses clean generation and power grids. The chapters enable the reader to directly apply the knowledge gained to their research and designs. Topics include reliability, WBG power semiconductor devices, converter topology and their fast response, matrix and multilevel converters, nonlinear dynamics, AI and machine learning. Robust modern control is covered as well. A coherent chapter structure and step-by-step explanation provide the reader with the understanding to pursue their research.

Mechanical Design of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters: Generating Electricity from Human Walking provides the state-of-the-art, recent mechanical designs of piezoelectric energy harvesters based on piezoelectric stacks. The book discusses innovative mechanism designs for energy harvesting from multidimensional force excitation, such as human walking, which offers higher energy density. Coverage includes analytical modeling, optimal design, simulation study, prototype fabrication, and experimental investigation. Detailed examples of their analyses and implementations are provided. The book's authors provide a unique perspective on this field, primarily focusing on novel designs for PZT Energy harvesting in biomedical engineering as well as in integrated multi-stage force amplification frame. This book presents force-amplification compliant mechanism design and force direction-transmission mechanism design. It explores new mechanism design approaches using piezoelectric materials and permanent magnets. Readers can expect to learn how to design new mechanisms to realize multidimensional energy harvesting systems.

Hybrid Technologies for Power Generation addresses the topics related to hybrid technologies by coupling conventional thermal engines with novel technologies, including fuel cells, batteries, thermal storage and electrolysis, and reporting on the most recent advances concerning transport and stationary applications. Potential operating schemes of hybrid power generation systems are covered, highlighting possible combinations of technology and guideline selection according to the energy demands of end-users. Going beyond state-of-the-art technological developments for processes, devices and systems, this book discusses the environmental impact and existing hurdles of moving from a single device to new approaches for efficient energy generation, transfer, conversion, high-density storage and consumption. By describing the practical viability of novel devices coupled to conventional thermal devices, this book has a decisive impact in energy system research, supporting those in the energy research and engineering communities.

Power electronics converters are devices that change parameters of electric power, such as voltage and frequency, as well as between AC and DC. They are essential parts of both advanced drives, for machines and vehicles, and energy systems to meet required flexibility and efficiency criteria. In energy systems both stationary and mobile, control and converters help ensure reliability and quality of electric power supplies. This reference in two volumes is useful reading for scientists and researchers working with power electronics, drives and energy systems; manufacturers developing power electronics for advanced applications; professionals working in the utilities sector; and for advanced students of subjects related to power electronics. Volume 1 covers converters and control for drives, while Volume 2 addresses clean generation and power grids. The chapters enable the reader to directly apply the knowledge gained to their research and designs. Topics include reliability, WBG power semiconductor devices, converter topology and their fast response, matrix and multilevel converters, nonlinear dynamics, AI and machine learning. Robust modern control is covered as well. A coherent chapter structure and step-by-step explanation provide the reader with the understanding to pursue their research.

Carbon Capture and Storage in International Energy Policy and Law identifies the main contemporary regulatory requirements, challenges and opportunities involving CCS from a comparative and interdisciplinary perspective. It draws on the scholarship of renowned researchers across the fields of international energy law and policy to address CCS regulation and its impact on climate change, sustainable development, and related consequences for energy transition. In this vein, the book aims to address issues related to energy, energy justice and climate changes (including CCS technology). Contributors discuss the main challenges and advantages concerning international energy and the forms CCS may contribute to energy security, climate change, adaptation and mitigation of GHG emissions and sustainable development. In this light, the book discusses CCS as a bridge that integrates international energy, climate change and sustainable development.

Microsupercapacitors systematically guides the reader through the key materials, characterization techniques, performance factors and potential applications and benefits to society of this emerging electrical energy storage solution. The book reviews the technical challenges in scaling down supercapacitors, covering materials, performance, design and applications perspectives. Sections provide a fundamental understanding of microsupercapacitors and compare them to existing energy storage technologies. Final discussions consider the factors that impact performance, potential tactics to improve performance, barriers to implementation, emerging solutions to those barriers, and a future outlook. This book will be of particular interest to materials scientists and engineers working in academia, research and development.

Optimal Operation of Integrated Multi-Energy Systems Under Uncertainty discusses core concepts, advanced modeling and key operation strategies for integrated multi-energy systems geared for use in optimal operation. The book particularly focuses on reviewing novel operating strategies supported by relevant code in MATLAB and GAMS. It covers foundational concepts, key challenges and opportunities in operational implementation, followed by discussions of conventional approaches to modeling electricity, heat and gas networks. This modeling is the base for more detailed operation strategies for optimal operation of integrated multi-energy systems under uncertainty covered in the latter part of the work.

Exergy: Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development, Third Edition provides a systematic overview of new and developed systems, new practical examples, problems and case studies on several key topics ranging from the basics of thermodynamic concepts to advanced exergy analysis techniques in a wide range of applications. With an ancillary online package and solutions manual, this reference connects exergy with three essential areas in terms of energy, environment and sustainable development. As such, it is a thorough reference for professionals who are solving problems related to design, analysis, modeling and assessment.

Heat Transfer Engineering: Fundamentals and Techniques reviews the core mechanisms of heat transfer and provides modern methods to solve practical problems encountered by working practitioners, with a particular focus on developing engagement and motivation. The book reviews fundamental concepts in conduction, forced convection, free convection, boiling, condensation, heat exchangers and mass transfer succinctly and without unnecessary exposition. Throughout, copious examples drawn from current industrial practice are examined with an emphasis on problem-solving for interest and insight rather than the procedural approaches often adopted in courses. The book contains numerous important solved and unsolved problems, utilizing modern tools and computational sources wherever relevant. A subsection on common issues and recent advances is presented in each chapter, encouraging the reader to explore a greater diversity of problems.

Nanogrids are small energy grids, powered by various generators often including photovoltaics. For example, a nanogrid might supply a village in a rural area and allow that village to trade its surplus energy. A picogrid is a still smaller energy grid. IRENA defines nanogrids as systems handling up to 5 kW of power while picogrids handle up to 1 kW. Nanogrids and picogrids can play roles in urban, suburban and rural areas, particularly in developing countries, and can help with decarbonising the energy systems and empowering citizens. Electric vehicles (EV) are poised to play important roles and need to be accounted for in emerging and future small grids. This book introduces the principles of nano- and picogrids, then goes on to provide a technical analysis covering connected resources, modelling and performance, power quality and protection. The use of nano- and picogrids in conjunction with EV, charger technologies, the IoT, cloud computing and data sharing is explored. Case studies of real-life projects help readers to understand and apply the concepts for their own projects. Nanogrids and Picogrids and their Integration with Electric Vehicles is a valuable resource for researchers involved with power systems, particularly those with an interest in power supply in rural areas, or anyone with a particular interest in nano- and microgrids. It is also of use to advanced students, and to engineers working in utilities.