Providing a detailed understanding of why heat and electricity energy storage technologies have developed so rapidly, Future Grid-Scale Energy Storage Solutions: Mechanical and Chemical Technologies and Principles presents the required fundamentals for techno-economic and environmental analysis of various grid-scale energy storage technologies. Through a consistent framework, each chapter outlines state-of-the-art advances, benefits and challenges, energy and exergy analyses models of these technologies, as well as an elaboration on their performance under dynamic and off-design operating conditions. Chapters include a case study analysis section, giving a detailed understanding of the systems' thermodynamics and economic and environmental performance in real operational conditions, and wrap-up with a discussion of the future prospects of these technologies from commercial and research perspectives. This book is a highly beneficial reference for researchers and scientists dealing with grid-scale energy storage systems, as a single comprehensive book providing the information and fundamentals required to do modeling, analysis, and/or feasibility studies of such systems.

Knowledge is Power in Four Dimensions: Models to Forecast Future Paradigms, Forecasting Energy for Tomorrow's World with Mathematical Modeling and Python Programming Driven Artificial Intelligence delivers knowledge on key infrastructure topics in both AI technology and energy. Sections lay the groundwork for tomorrow's computing functionality, starting with how to build a Business Resilience System (BRS), data warehousing, data management, and fuzzy logic. Subsequent chapters dive into the impact of energy on economic development and the environment and mathematical modeling, including energy forecasting and engineering statistics. Energy examples are included for application and learning opportunities. A final section deliver the most advanced content on artificial intelligence with the integration of machine learning and deep learning as a tool to forecast and make energy predictions. The reference covers many introductory programming tools, such as Python, Scikit, TensorFlow and Kera.

Machinery and Energy Systems for the Hydrogen Economy covers all major machinery and heat engine types, designs and requirements for the hydrogen economy, from production through storage, distribution and consumption. Topics such as hydrogen in pipeline transport, for energy storage, and as a power plant fuel are covered in detail. Hydrogen machinery applications, their selection criteria, economics, safety aspects and operational limitations in different sectors of the hydrogen economy are also discussed. Although the book covers the hydrogen economy as a whole, its primary focus is on machinery and heat engine design and implementation within various production, transport, storage and usage applications. An invaluable resource for industry, academia and government, this book provides engineers, scientists and technical leaders with the knowledge they need to design and build the infrastructure of a hydrogen economy.

Large rural areas in some regions of the world are still grappling with the challenge of electrification. The optimal solution is to provide reliable energy without adding more fossil fuel plants by using distributed renewable generation. Microgrids are part of that solution; they are small networks of electricity users, with a local generator that is attached to a centralized larger grid, but which is also able to function independently. They need to be robust and resilient in order to provide reliable power, including in harsh climates. For remote areas microgrids have the advantage of offering an electricity supply even if there are problems with the larger power grid. This book focuses on the challenges of rural electrification, particularly in poorer regions. It covers low voltage DC distribution system for various applications including charging of electric vehicles (EV). Written by a large team of authors with a wide range of relevant experiences, the book addresses microgrid architectures, converters, energy storage, control, EV integration, business models and economic scheduling, and the role of blockchain technology. The authors have used case studies to provide illustrative examples of the technologies discussed and solutions proposed.

Metal-Organic Framework-Based Nanomaterials for Energy Conversion and Storage addresses current challenges and covers design and fabrication approaches for nanomaterials based on metal organic frameworks for energy generation and storage technologies. The effect of synthetic diversity, functionalization, ways of improving conductivity and electronic transportation, tuning-in porosity to accommodate various types of electrolyte, and the criteria to achieve the appropriate pore size, shape and surface group of different metal sites and ligands are explored. The effect of integration of other elements, such as second metals or hetero-atomic doping in the system, to improve catalytic activity and durability, are also covered. This is an important reference source for materials scientists, engineers and energy scientists looking to further their understanding on how metal organic framework-based nanomaterials are being used to create more efficient energy conversion and storage systems.

Applied Power Quality: Analysis, Modelling, Design and Implementation of Power Quality Monitoring Systems is a systematic account of the modern field of power quality as it transforms to reflect changes in generation, loads, management techniques and improvements in monitoring devices and systems. It examines the management of power quality (including those which are emerging) including system planning levels, the emission allocation process and equipment immunity. The work reviews power quality disturbances and their impacts on equipment. It comprehensively assesses current power quality emission and allocation standards, including their application and deficiencies for power quality disturbances across steady state voltage; voltage unbalance; harmonics; voltage fluctuations, flicker and rapid voltage change; and voltage sags. The work reviews how readers may design and implement power quality monitoring schemes including: monitoring instruments; monitoring methodologies; data storage; data analysis and indices; reporting methods including benchmarking; and monitoring standards. It concludes with surveys of the electrical performance of modern equipment including renewable energy devices as it pertains to power quality. In all cases, the book draws on reliable sources of power quality data, measurements and studies (both laboratory and field) that have been undertaken by the Australian Power Quality and Reliability Centre over the past 20 years.

Fundamentals of Smart Grid Systems offers an expansive introduction to the operationalization, integration, and management of smart grids-the distributed, renewable, responsive, and highly efficient power grid on the verge of radically transforming our energy system. The book reviews the design of smart grid systems, their associated technologies, and operations, helping users develop a modern foundational understanding of smart grid systems and many of their advanced implementations, where sophisticated technologies are employed. The work serves as a guidebook and primer for early career researchers, with a rich integration of current science, modern applications, and future implementations.

Semiconductor Memories and Systems provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of semiconductor memory at the technology and system levels. After an introduction on market trends and memory applications, the book focuses on mainstream technologies, illustrating their current status, challenges and opportunities, with special attention paid to scalability paths. Technologies discussed include static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), non-volatile memory (NVM), and NAND flash memory. Embedded memory and requirements and system level needs for storage class memory are also addressed. Each chapter covers physical operating mechanisms, fabrication technologies, and the main challenges to scalability. Finally, the work reviews the emerging trends for storage class memory, mainly focusing on the advantages and opportunities of phase change based memory technologies.

Plant Intelligent Automation and Digital Transformation: Process and Factory Automation is an expansive four volume collection reviewing every major aspect of the intelligent automation and digital transformation of power, process and manufacturing plants, from the specific control and automation systems pertinent to various power process plants through manufacturing and factory automation systems. This volume introduces the foundations of automation control theory, networking practices and communication for power, process and manufacturing plants considered as integrated digital systems. In addition, it discusses Distributed control System (DCS) for Closed loop controls system (CLCS) and PLC based systems for Open loop control systems (OLCS) and factory automation. This book provides in-depth guidance on functional and design details pertinent to each of the control types referenced above, along with the installation and commissioning of control systems.

Electric Motor Drives and Its Applications with Simulation Practices provides comprehensive coverage of the concepts of electric motor drives and their applications, along with their simulation using MATLAB and other software tools. The book helps engineers and students improve their software skills by learning to simulate various electric drives and applications and assists with new ideas in the simulation of electrical, electronics and instrumentations systems. Covering power electronic converter fed drives and simulation model building using all possible software as well as the operation and relevant applications discussed, the book provides a number of examples and step-by-step procedures for successful implementation. Intended for engineers, students and research scholars in industry who are working in the field of power electronics and drives, this book provides a brief introduction to simulation software under different environments.

Relevant Characteristics of Power Lines Passing through Urban Areas covers a variety of problems in electric-power delivery that were considered for a long time in professional and scientific circles unsolvable. Taking into account the influence of all surrounding metal installations on the relevant characteristics of HV and EHV lines passing through urban and/or suburban areas, this reference provides safe and economical solutions on how to check and achieve prescribed safety conditions, determine the dangerous and harmful inductive influence of HV and EHV lines, enable compensation of deficiency for all unknowns, understand relevant data concerning surrounding metal installations, and more. This book is necessary for properly dimensioning cable systems, considering the existing underground structures near substations and providing engineers with the necessary information they need to design normal operations and determine fault events.

Carbon Capture Technologies for Gas-Turbine-Based Power Plants explores current progress in one of the most capable technologies for carbon capture in gas-turbine-based power plants. It identifies the primary benefits and shortcomings of oxy-fuel combustion CO2 capture technology compared to other capture technologies such as pre-combustion and post-combustion capture. This book examines over 20 different oxy-combustion turbine (oxyturbine) power cycles by providing their main operational parameters, thermodynamics and process modelling, energy and exergy analysis and performance evaluation. The conventional natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) power plant with post-combustion capture used as the base-case scenario. The design procedure and operational characteristics of a radial NOx-less oxy-fuel gas turbine combustor are presented with CFD simulation and performance analysis of the heat exchanger network and turbomachinery. Overview of oxygen production and air separation units (ASU) and CO2 compression and purification units (CPU) are also presented and discussed. The most advanced stages of development for the leading oxyturbine power cycles are assessed using techno-economic analysis, sensitivity, risk assessments and levelized cost of energy (LCOE) and analysing technology readiness level (TRL) and development stages. The book concludes with a road map for the development of future gas turbine-based power plants with full carbon capture capabilities using the experiences of the recently demonstrated cycles.

The intermittency of renewable energy sources is making increased deployment of storage technology necessary. Technologies are needed with high round-trip efficiency and at low cost to allow renewables to undercut fossil fuels. The cost of lithium batteries has fallen, but producing them comes with a substantial carbon footprint, as well as a cost to the local environment. Compressed air energy storage (CAES) uses excess electricity, particularly from wind farms, to compress air. Re-expansion of the air then drives machinery to recoup the electric power. Prototypes have capacities of several hundred MW. Challenges lie in conserving the thermal energy associated with compressing air and leakage of that heat, materials, power electronics, connection with the power generator, and grid integration. This comprehensive book provides a systematic overview of the current state of CAES technology. After an introduction to motivation and principles, the key components are covered, and then the principal types of systems in the order of technical maturity: diabatic, adiabatic, and isothermal. Experts from industry write about their experiences with existing major systems and prototypes. Economic aspects, power electronics and machinery, as well as special systems for offshore applications, are dealt with. Researchers in academia and industry alike, in particular at energy storage technology manufacturers and utilities, as well as advanced students and energy experts in think tanks will find this work valuable reading.

Solar Energy Advancements in Agriculture and Food Production Systems aims to assist society and agricultural communities in different regions and scales to improve their productivity and sustainability. Solar energy, with its rapidly growing technologies and nascent market, has shown promise for integration into a variety of agricultural activities, providing an alternative, sustainable solution to current practices. To meet the future demands of modern sustainable agriculture, this book addresses the major existing problems by providing innovative, effective, and sustainable solutions using environment-friendly, advanced, energy-efficient, and cost-optimized solar energy technologies. This comprehensive book is intended to serve as a practical guide for scientists, engineers, policymakers, and stakeholders involved in agriculture and related primary industries, as well as sustainable energy development, and climate change mitigation projects. By including globally implemented solar-based agriculture projects in each chapter and highlighting the key associated challenges and benefits, it aims to bridge the knowledge gap between the market/real-world applications and research in the field.

Scheduling and Operation of Virtual Power Plants: Technical Challenges and Electricity Markets provides a multidisciplinary perspective on recent advances in VPPs, ranging from required infrastructures and planning to operation and control. The work details the required components in a virtual power plant, including smartness of power system, instrument and information and communication technologies (ICTs), measurement units, and distributed energy sources. Contributors assess the proposed benefits of virtual power plant in solving problems of distributed energy sources in integrating the small, distributed and intermittent output of these units. In addition, they investigate the likely technical challenges regarding control and interaction with other entities. Finally, the work considers the role of VPPs in electricity markets, showing how distributed energy resources and demand response providers can integrate their resources through virtual power plant concepts to effectively participate in electricity markets to solve the issues of small capacity and intermittency. The work is suitable for experienced engineers, researchers, managers and policymakers interested in using VPPs in future smart grids.

Hybrid Technologies for Power Generation addresses the topics related to hybrid technologies by coupling conventional thermal engines with novel technologies, including fuel cells, batteries, thermal storage and electrolysis, and reporting on the most recent advances concerning transport and stationary applications. Potential operating schemes of hybrid power generation systems are covered, highlighting possible combinations of technology and guideline selection according to the energy demands of end-users. Going beyond state-of-the-art technological developments for processes, devices and systems, this book discusses the environmental impact and existing hurdles of moving from a single device to new approaches for efficient energy generation, transfer, conversion, high-density storage and consumption. By describing the practical viability of novel devices coupled to conventional thermal devices, this book has a decisive impact in energy system research, supporting those in the energy research and engineering communities.

Mechanical Design of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters: Generating Electricity from Human Walking provides the state-of-the-art, recent mechanical designs of piezoelectric energy harvesters based on piezoelectric stacks. The book discusses innovative mechanism designs for energy harvesting from multidimensional force excitation, such as human walking, which offers higher energy density. Coverage includes analytical modeling, optimal design, simulation study, prototype fabrication, and experimental investigation. Detailed examples of their analyses and implementations are provided. The book's authors provide a unique perspective on this field, primarily focusing on novel designs for PZT Energy harvesting in biomedical engineering as well as in integrated multi-stage force amplification frame. This book presents force-amplification compliant mechanism design and force direction-transmission mechanism design. It explores new mechanism design approaches using piezoelectric materials and permanent magnets. Readers can expect to learn how to design new mechanisms to realize multidimensional energy harvesting systems.

Power System Fault Diagnosis: A Wide Area Measurement Based Intelligent Approach is a comprehensive overview of the growing interests in efficient diagnosis of power system faults to reduce outage duration and revenue losses by expediting the restoration process. This book illustrates intelligent fault diagnosis schemes for power system networks, at both transmission and distribution levels, using data acquired from phasor measurement units. It presents the power grid modeling, fault modeling, feature extraction processes, and various fault diagnosis techniques, including artificial intelligence techniques, in steps. The book also incorporates uncertainty associated with line parameters, fault information (resistance and inception angle), load demand, renewable energy generation, and measurement noises.

Storing Energy: With Special Reference to Renewable Energy Sources, Second Edition has been fully revised and substantially extended to provide up-to-date and essential discussion that will support the needs of the world's future energy and climate change policies. New sections cover thermal energy storage, tidal storage, sustainability issues in relation to storing energy and impacts on global energy markets. Various systems are discussed, including mechanical/kinetic, thermal, electrochemical and other chemical, as well as other emerging technologies. Incorporating advancements described in the book will help the people of the world further overcome the problems related to future energy and climate change.

Residual Current Devices: Selection, Operation, and Testing looks at the evolution in construction types of residual current devices and discusses the types and functional properties of contemporary systems. The principle of operation of elements is explained, along with the primary parameters of the devices and their selection and application, as well as the rules of backup protection of residual current devices. The requirements of the standards concerning the importance of obligatory use of devices are included, along with explanation of the needed protection in case of fault, additional protection, and protection against fire. The issue of residual current device operation in circuits with nonsinusoidal currents is detailed, giving special attention to the unique results of residual current device testing and tripping under distorted earth fault currents. In modern electrical and electronic installations, new complex challenges arise for designers and maintenance staff. This book is an essential guide to address those challenges, and its problem-solving section is useful for students, tutors, and academics, as well as engineers involved in the process of design, maintenance, and verification of safety in low-voltage electrical installations.

Sustainable Networks in Smart Grid presents global challenges in smart metering with renewable energy resources, micro-grid design, communication technologies, big data, privacy and security in the smart grid. Providing an overview of different available PLC technologies and configurations and their applications in different sectors, this book provides case studies and practical implementation details of smart grid technology, paying special attention to Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) scenarios with the presence of Distribution Grid (DG) and Electric Vehicles (EV). Covering regulatory policies for energy storage, management strategies for microgrid operation, and key performance indicators for smart grid development, this reference compiles up-to-date information on different aspects of the Internet of Smart Metering. In addition, innovative contributions on Data Analytics, Energy Theft Detection, Data-Driven Framework, Blockchain-IoT-enabled Sensor Networks, and Smart Contacts in the Blockchain are also included.