This book introduces readers to the latest advances in sensing technology for a broad range of non-volatile memories (NVMs). Challenges across the memory technologies are highlighted and their solutions in mature technology are discussed, enabling innovation of sensing technologies for future NVMs. Coverage includes sensing techniques ranging from well-established NVMs such as hard disk, flash, Magnetic RAM (MRAM) to emerging NVMs such as ReRAM, STTRAM, FeRAM and Domain Wall Memory will be covered.

Functional Thin Films Technology features the functional aspects of thin films, such as their application in solar selective absorbers, fiber lasers, solid oxide fuel cells, piezo-related areas, catalysts, superhydrophobicity, semiconductors, and trace pesticides detection. It highlights developments and advances in the preparation, characterization, and applications of functional micro-/nano-scaled films and coatings. This book Presents technologies aimed at functionality used in nanoelectronics, solar selective absorbers, solid oxide fuel cells, piezo-applications, and sensors Covers absorbers, catalysts, anodic aluminum oxide, superhydrophobics, and semiconductor devices Features a chapter on transport phenomena associated to structures Discusses transport phenomena and material informatics This second volume in the two-volume set, Protective Thin Coatings and Functional Thin Films Technology, will benefit industry professionals and researchers working in areas related to semiconductors, optoelectronics, plasma technology, solid-state energy storages, and 5G, as well as advanced students studying electrical, mechanical, chemical, and materials engineering.

Hard or protective coatings are widely used in conventional and modern industries and will continue to play a key role in future manufacturing, especially in the micro and nano areas. Protective Thin Coatings Technology highlights the developments and advances in the preparation, characterization, and applications of protective micro-/nanoscaled films and coatings. This book Covers technologies for sputtering of flexible hard nanocoatings, deposition of solid lubricating films, and multilayer transition metal nitrides Describes integrated nanomechanical characterization of hard coatings, corrosion and tribo-corrosion of hard coatings, and high entropy alloy films and coatings Investigates thin films and coatings for high-temperature applications, nanocomposite coatings on magnesium alloys, and the correlation between coating properties and industrial applications Features various aspects of hard coatings, covering advanced sputtering technologies, structural characterizations, and simulations, as well as applications This first volume in the two-volume set, Protective Thin Coatings and Functional Thin Films Technology, will benefit industry professionals and researchers working in areas related to semiconductors, optoelectronics, plasma technology, solid-state energy storages, and 5G, as well as advanced students studying electrical, mechanical, chemical, and material engineering.

This book is a comprehensive introduction to nanoscale materials for sensor applications, with a focus on connecting the fundamental laws of physics and the chemistry of materials with device design. Nanoscale sensors can be used for a wide variety of applications, including the detection of gases, optical signals, and mechanical strain, and can meet the need to detect and quantify the presence of gaseous pollutants or other dangerous substances in the environment. Gas sensors have found various applications in our daily lives and in industry. Semiconductive oxides, including SnO2, ZnO, Fe2O3, and In2O3, are promising candidates for gas sensor applications. Carbon nanomaterials are becoming increasingly available as off-the-shelf components, and this makes nanotechnology more exciting and approachable than ever before. Nano-wire based field- effect transistor biosensors have also received much attention in recent years as a way to achieve ultra-sensitive and label-free sensing of molecules of biological interest. A diverse array of semiconductor-based nanostructures has been synthesized for use as a photoelectrochemical sensor or biosensor in the detection of low concentrations of analytes. A novel acoustic sensor for structural health monitoring (SHM) that utilizes lead zirconate titanate (PZT) nano- active fiber composites (NAFCs) is described as well.

Principles of Electronic Materials and Devices is one of the few books in the market that has a broad coverage of electronic materials that today's scientists and engineers need. The general treatment of the textbook and various proofs leverage at a semiquantitative level without going into detailed physics.

The increasing demand for mobile and wireless sensing necessitates the use of highly integrated technology featuring small size, low weight, high performance and low cost: micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) can meet this need. The Handbook of MEMS for wireless and mobile applications provides a comprehensive overview of radio frequency (RF) MEMS technologies and explores the use of these technologies over a wide range of application areas.
Part one provides an introduction to the use of RF MEMS as an enabling technology for wireless applications. Chapters review RF MEMS technology and applications as a whole before moving on to describe specific technologies for wireless applications including passive components, phase shifters and antennas. Packaging and reliability of RF MEMS is also discussed. Chapters in part two focus on wireless techniques and applications of wireless MEMS including biomedical applications, such as implantable MEMS, intraocular pressure sensors and wireless drug delivery. Further chapters highlight the use of RF MEMS for automotive radar, the monitoring of telecommunications reliability using wireless MEMS and the use of optical MEMS displays in portable electronics.
With its distinguished editor and international team of expert authors, the Handbook of MEMS for wireless and mobile applications is a technical resource for MEMS manufacturers, the electronics industry, and scientists, engineers and academics working on MEMS and wireless systems.
Reviews the use of radio frequency (RF) MEMS as an enabling technology for wireless applicationsDiscusses wireless techniques and applications of wireless MEMS, including biomedical applicationsDescribes monitoring structures and the environment with wireless MEMS

The transistor is the key enabler of modern electronics. Progress in transistor scaling has pushed channel lengths to the nanometer regime where traditional approaches to device physics are less and less suitable. These lectures describe a way of understanding MOSFETs and other transistors that is much more suitable than traditional approaches when the critical dimensions are measured in nanometers. It uses a novel, "bottom-up approach" that agrees with traditional methods when devices are large, but that also works for nano-devices. Surprisingly, the final result looks much like the traditional, textbook, transistor models, but the parameters in the equations have simple, clear interpretations at the nanoscale. The objective is to provide readers with an understanding of the essential physics of nanoscale transistors as well as some of the practical technological considerations and fundamental limits. This book is written in a way that is broadly accessible to students with only a very basic knowledge of semiconductor physics and electronic circuits.

This book comprises of chapters based on design of various advanced nano-catalysts and offers a development of novel solutions for a better sustainable energy future. The book includes all aspects of physical chemistry, chemical engineering and material science. The advances in nanoscience and nanotechnology help to find cost-effective and environmentally sound methods of converting naturally inspired resources into fuels, chemicals and energy. The book leads the scientific community to the most significant development in the focus research area. It provides a broad and in-depth coverage of design and development advanced nano-catalyst for various energy applications.

Minsk, Belarus was the site of the NATO ARW on Wide Band-Gap electronic Materials May 3 through 6,1994; 143 participants and observers from 15 countries met for the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Wide Band-Gap Electronic Materials (NATO ARW). The meeting was marked by a remarkable free exchange between east and west on these topics by revealing technical achievements not widely known or available in the west because ofpast political climate or present economic realities in the Newly IndependentStates. The topics ranged from electron doping of diamond, n-type diamond, negative electron affinity ofdiamond, applications of aluminum nitride, doping ofboron nitride, wideband gap electronic applications, to nanophase diamond. Of the many high-lights during the scientific meetings, an energy sub band due to defects in the diamond lattice was described. These defects areresponsible for the light emission from a diamond Light Emitting Diode (LED) which was demonstrated at the NATO ARW. This diamond LED can emitred, green, and blue light. The potential for "high tech" nanostructure electronic devices such as quantum transistors was described which mightsome day revolutionize electronics. The prospectsofaluminum nitride for acusto devices, piezodevices, and electroluminescencedevices were discussed.

This book belongs to the field of intelligent vehicle control, which is dedicated to the research of nonlinear control problems of intelligent vehicle chassis-by-wire systems. Through the nonlinear stability control of the steer-by-wire system and the consistency optimization control of the brake-by-wire system, the performance of the vehicle subsystem is improved. Then, the decoupling control of the nonlinear inverse system is used to realize the decoupling of the chassis-by-wire system. Finally, this book further adopts nonlinear rollover prevention integrated control to improve the rollover prevention performance of the vehicle.

This book explores the world of microcontroller development through friendly lessons and progressively challenging projects, which will have you blink LEDs, make music with buzzers & interact with different sensors like accelerometers and temperature sensors. This book is focused on the MSP-EXP430G2 LaunchPad Evaluation Kit, which is a complete microcontroller development platform that includes everything you need to start creating microcontroller-based projects. Many of the 25+ projects will also leverage external components, such as the highly-integrated Educational BoosterPack, which is a modular extension to the LaunchPad and includes many components such as an RGB LED, character LCD & potentiometer.

This book provides helpful guides that break down hardware circuits through visual diagrams and includes fully-commented code examples. Concepts are broken down and explained in an easy to follow language and analogies to help you understand the principles behind each project/system. The projects will encourage you to use and even combine the fundamental concepts to develop your ideas in creating new microcontroller solutions.

Coverage includes:

Digital Input/Output: buttons, LEDs, turning anything into a button

Analog Input/Output: sensors, temperature, accelerometer, potentiometer, etc.

Programming fundamentals: conditional branches & loops, flow, logic, number systems

Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM): square wave, buzzer, analog signal simulation

Serial Communication: UART, SPI & I2C

Code development using Energia, a free, open-source code editor and compiler

Debugging through serial communication with a computer

Interfacing with external components such as LEDs, buzzers, potentiometers, sensors & more.

With the help of this book, you will be challenged to think about developing your own unique microcontroller-based application, and you will be equipped to start solving various problems, adding intelligence to existing products, or even developing your own innovative creations with a LaunchPad development kit.
Includes over 25 projects which focuses on a learn by doing approach

Contains easy to follow diagrams and code examples

Covers Programming fundamentals, such as conditional branches and loops, flow, logic, number systems

"Complete dependence on semiconductor vendors' application notes and data sheets is now a thing of the past thanks to this all-in-one comparison text on nonvolatile semiconductor memory (NVSM) technology. Working electronics engineers can now refer to this book to access the technical data and applications-focused perspective they need to make intelligent decisions regarding the selection, specification, procurement, and application of NVSM devices.
The most comprehensive book in the field, NONVOLATILE SEMICONDUCTOR MEMORY TECHNOLOGY gathers expertly-written information scattered throughout device literature in a single, well-balanced volume. This book features an in-depth overview accompanied by applications-oriented chapters on device reliability and endurance, radiation tolerance, as well as device physics and design. It is an essential reference for electronics engineers."
Sponsored by:
IEEE Components, Packaging, and Manufacturing Technology Society, IEEE Solid-State Circuits Council/Society.

Electrical overstress (EOS) and Electrostatic discharge (ESD) pose one of the most dominant threats to integrated circuits (ICs). These reliability concerns are becoming more serious with the downward scaling of device feature sizes. Modeling of Electrical Overstress in Integrated Circuits presents a comprehensive analysis of EOS/ESD-related failures in I/O protection devices in integrated circuits. The design of I/O protection circuits has been done in a hit-or-miss way due to the lack of systematic analysis tools and concrete design guidelines. In general, the development of on-chip protection structures is a lengthy expensive iterative process that involves tester design, fabrication, testing and redesign. When the technology is changed, the same process has to be repeated almost entirely. This can be attributed to the lack of efficient CAD tools capable of simulating the device behavior up to the onset of failure which is a 3-D electrothermal problem. For these reasons, it is important to develop and use an adequate measure of the EOS robustness of integrated circuits in order to address the on-chip EOS protection issue. Fundamental understanding of the physical phenomena leading to device failures under ESD/EOS events is needed for the development of device models and CAD tools that can efficiently describe the device behavior up to the onset of thermal failure. Modeling of Electrical Overstress in Integrated Circuits is for VLSI designers and reliability engineers, particularly those who are working on the development of EOS/ESD analysis tools. CAD engineers working on development of circuit level and device level electrothermal simulators will also benefit from the material covered. This book will also be of interest to researchers and first and second year graduate students working in semiconductor devices and IC reliability fields.

This book provides an overview of the electronic applications of nanotechnology. It presents latest research in the areas of nanotechnology applied to the fields of electronics and energy. Various topics covered in this book include nanotechnology in electronic field, electronic chips and circuits, batteries, wireless devices, energy storage, semiconductors, fuel cells, defense and military equipment, and aerospace industry, This book will be useful for engineers, researchers and industry professionals primarily in the fields of electrical engineering engineering, materials science and nanotechnology.

Nanometer scale physics is progressing rapidly: the top-down approach of semiconductor technology will soon encounter the scale of the bottom-up approaches of supramolecular chemistry and spatially localized excitations in ionic crystals. Advances in this area have already led to applications in optoelectronics. More may be expected.

This book deals with the role of structure confinement in the spectroscopic characteristics of physical systems. It examines the fabrication, measurement and understanding of the relevant structures. It reports progress in the theory and in experimental techniques, starting with the consideration of fundamental principles and leading to the frontiers of research. The subjects dealt with include such spatially resolved structures as quantum wells, quantum wires, quantum dots, and luminescence, in both theoretical and practical terms.

This book provides a comprehensive summary of the status of emerging sensor technologies and provides a framework for future advances in the field. Chemical sensors have gained in importance in the past decade for applications that include homeland security, medical and environmental monitoring and also food safety. A desirable goal is the ability to simultaneously analyze a wide variety of environmental and biological gases and liquids in the field and to be able to selectively detect a target analyte with high specificity and sensitivity. The goal is to realize real-time, portable and inexpensive chemical and biological sensors and to use these as monitors for handheld gas, environmental pollutant, exhaled breath, saliva, urine, or blood, with wireless capability.In the medical area, frequent screening can catch the early development of diseases, reduce the suffering of patients due to late diagnoses, and lower the medical cost. For example, a 96% survival rate has been predicted in breast cancer patients if the frequency of screening is every three months. This frequency cannot be achieved with current methods of mammography due to high cost to the patient and invasiveness (radiation). In the area of detection of medical biomarkers, many different methods, including enzyme-linked immunsorbent assay (ELISA), particle-based flow cytometric assays, electrochemical measurements based on impedance and capacitance, electrical measurement of microcantilever resonant frequency change, and conductance measurement of semiconductor nanostructures, gas chromatography (GC), ion chromatography, high density peptide arrays, laser scanning quantitiative analysis, chemiluminescence, selected ion flow tube (SIFT), nanomechanical cantilevers, bead-based suspension microarrays, magnetic biosensors and mass spectrometry (MS) have been employed. Depending on the sample condition, these methods may show variable results in terms of sensitivity for some applications and may not meet the requirements for a handheld biosensor.

This volume explores and addresses the challenges of high-k gate dielectric materials, one of the major concerns in the evolving semiconductor industry and the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS). The application of high-k gate dielectric materials is a promising strategy that allows further miniaturization of microelectronic components. This book presents a broad review of SiO2 materials, including a brief historical note of Moore's law, followed by reliability issues of the SiO2 based MOS transistor. It goes on to discuss the transition of gate dielectrics with an EOT ~ 1 nm and a selection of high-k materials. A review of the various deposition techniques of different high-k films is also discussed. High-k dielectrics theories (quantum tunneling effects and interface engineering theory) and applications of different novel MOSFET structures, like tunneling FET, are also covered in this book. The volume also looks at the important issues in the future of CMOS technology and presents an analysis of interface charge densities with the high-k material tantalum pentoxide. The issue of CMOS VLSI technology with the high-k gate dielectric materials is covered as is the advanced MOSFET structure, with its working structure and modeling. This timely volume will prove to be a valuable resource on both the fundamentals and the successful integration of high-k dielectric materials in future IC technology.

This thesis explores an amazing family of oxide compounds - the nickelates - known for their metal-to-insulator transition and, in the case of LaNiO3, to be a possible building block for designing a synthetic high Tc superconductor. Competition between various fascinating phases makes these materials very sensitive to external parameters and it is thus possible to dramatically tune their properties. This work on ultrathin LaNiO3 and the solid solution Nd1-xLaxNiO3 has important implications for the search for superconductivity in this class of materials.

Considerable amount of effort has been devoted, over the recent years, towards the development of electronic skin (e-skin) for many application domains such as prosthetics, robotics, and industrial automation. Electronic Skin: Sensors and Systems focuses on the main components constituting the e-skin system. The e-skin system is based on: i) sensing materials composing the tactile sensor array, ii) the front end electronics for data acquisition and signal conditioning, iii) the embedded processing unit performing tactile data decoding, and iv) the communication interface in charge of transmitting the sensors data for further computing. Technical topics discussed in the book include: * Tactile sensing material; * Electronic Skin systems; * Embedded computing and tactile data decoding; * Communication systems for tactile data transmission; * Relevant applications of e-skin system; The book takes into account not only sensing materials but it also provides a thorough assessment of the current state of the art at system level. The book addresses embedded electronics and tactile data processing and decoding, techniques for low power embedded computing, and the communication interface. Electronic Skin: Sensors and Systems is ideal for researchers, Ph.D. students, academic staff and Masters/research students in sensors/sensing systems, embedded systems, data processing and decoding, and communication systems.

Choice Recommended Title, July 2020 Bringing together material scattered across many disciplines, Semiconductor Radiation Detectors provides readers with a consolidated source of information on the properties of a wide range of semiconductors; their growth, characterization and the fabrication of radiation sensors with emphasis on the X- and gamma-ray regimes. It explores the promise and limitations of both the traditional and new generation of semiconductors and discusses where the future in semiconductor development and radiation detection may lie. The purpose of this book is two-fold; firstly to serve as a text book for those new to the field of semiconductors and radiation detection and measurement, and secondly as a reference book for established researchers working in related disciplines within physics and engineering. Features: The only comprehensive book covering this topic Fully up-to-date with new developments in the field Provides a wide-ranging source of further reference material

III-V semiconductors have attracted considerable attention due to their applications in the fabrication of electronic and optoelectronic devices as light emitting diodes and solar cells. The electrical properties of these semiconductors can also be tuned by adding impurity atoms. Because of their wide application in various devices, the search for new semiconductor materials and the improvement of existing materials is an important field of study. This book covers all known information about phase relations in multinary systems based on III-V semiconductors, providing the first systematic account of phase equilibria in multinary systems based on III-V semiconductors and making research originally published in Russian accessible to the wider scientific community. This book will be of interest to undergraduate and graduate students studying materials science, solid state chemistry, and engineering. It will also be relevant for researchers at industrial and national laboratories, in addition to phase diagram researchers, inorganic chemists, and solid state physicists. Features: Provides up-to-date experimental and theoretical information Allows readers to synthesize semiconducting materials with predetermined properties Delivers a critical evaluation of many industrially important systems presented in the form of two-dimensional sections for the condensed phases

Praise for the First Edition "The book goes beyond the usual textbook in that it provides more specific examples of real-world defect physics ... an easy reading, broad introductory overview of the field" Materials Today "... well written, with clear, lucid explanations ..." Chemistry World This revised edition provides the most complete, up-to-date coverage of the fundamental knowledge of semiconductors, including a new chapter that expands on the latest technology and applications of semiconductors. In addition to inclusion of additional chapter problems and worked examples, it provides more detail on solid-state lighting (LEDs and laser diodes). The authors have achieved a unified overview of dopants and defects, offering a solid foundation for experimental methods and the theory of defects in semiconductors. Matthew D. McCluskey is a professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy and Materials Science Program at Washington State University (WSU), Pullman, Washington. He received a Physics Ph.D. from the University of California (UC), Berkeley. Eugene E. Haller is a professor emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley, and a member of the National Academy of Engineering. He received a Ph.D. in Solid State and Applied Physics from the University of Basel, Switzerland.

Despite the vast knowledge accumulated on silicon, germanium, and their alloys, these materials still demand research, eminently in view of the improvement of knowledge on silicon-germanium alloys and the potentialities of silicon as a substrate for high-efficiency solar cells and for compound semiconductors and the ongoing development of nanodevices based on nanowires and nanodots. Silicon, Germanium, and Their Alloys: Growth, Defects, Impurities, and Nanocrystals covers the entire spectrum of R&D activities in silicon, germanium, and their alloys, presenting the latest achievements in the field of crystal growth, point defects, extended defects, and impurities of silicon and germanium nanocrystals. World-recognized experts are the authors of the book's chapters, which span bulk, thin film, and nanostructured materials growth and characterization problems, theoretical modeling, crystal defects, diffusion, and issues of key applicative value, including chemical etching as a defect delineation technique, the spectroscopic analysis of impurities, and the use of devices as tools for the measurement of materials quality.

This book presents theoretical explorations of several fundamental problems in the dynamics and control of flexible beam systems. By integrating fresh concepts and results to form a systematic approach to control, it establishes a basic theoretical framework. It includes typical control design examples verified using MATLAB simulation, which in turn illustrate the successful practical applications of active vibration control theory for flexible beam systems. The book is primarily intended for researchers and engineers in the control system and mechanical engineering community, offering them a unique resource.