Transformation electromagnetics is a systematic design technique for optical and electromagnetic devices that enables novel wave-material interaction properties. The associated metamaterials technology for designing and realizing optical and electromagnetic devices can control the behavior of light and electromagnetic waves in ways that have not been conventionally possible. The technique is credited with numerous novel device designs, most notably the invisibility cloaks, perfect lenses and a host of other remarkable devices. Transformation Electromagnetics and Metamaterials: Fundamental Principles and Applications presents a comprehensive treatment of the rapidly growing area of transformation electromagnetics and related metamaterial technology with contributions on the subject provided by a collection of leading experts from around the world. On the theoretical side, the following questions will be addressed: "Where does transformation electromagnetics come from?," "What are the general material properties for different classes of coordinate transformations?," "What are the limitations and challenges of device realizations?," and "What theoretical tools are available to make the coordinate transformation-based designs more amenable to fabrication using currently available techniques?" The comprehensive theoretical treatment will be complemented by device designs and/or realizations in various frequency regimes and applications including acoustic, radio frequency, terahertz, infrared, and the visible spectrum. The applications encompass invisibility cloaks, gradient-index lenses in the microwave and optical regimes, negative-index superlenses for sub-wavelength resolution focusing, flat lenses that produce highly collimated beams from an embedded antenna or optical source, beam concentrators, polarization rotators and splitters, perfect electromagnetic absorbers, and many others. This book will serve as the authoritative reference for students and researchers alike to the fast-evolving and exciting research area of transformation electromagnetics/optics, its application to the design of revolutionary new devices, and their associated metamaterial realizations.

Polymer electrolytes are electrolytic materials that are widely used in batteries, fuel cells and other applications such as supercapacitors, photoelectrochemical and electrochromic devices. Polymer electrolytes: Fundamentals and applications provides an important review of this class of ionic conductors, their properties and applications. Part one reviews the various types of polymer electrolyte compounds, with chapters on ceramic polymer electrolytes, natural polymer-based polymer electrolytes, composite polymer electrolytes, lithium-doped hybrid polymer electrolytes, hybrid inorganic-organic polymer electrolytes. There are also chapters on ways of characterising and modelling polymer electrolytes. Part two discusses applications such as solar cells, supercapacitors, electrochromic and electrochemical devices, fuel cells and batteries. With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Polymer electrolytes: Fundamentals and applications is a standard reference for all those researching and using polymer electrolytes in such areas as battery and fuel cell technology for automotive and other applications.

For courses in basic electronics and electronic devices and circuits Electronic Devices, 10th Edition, provides a solid foundation in basic analog electronics and a thorough introduction to analog integrated circuits and programmable devices. The text identifies the circuits and components within a system, helping students see how the circuit relates to the overall system function. Full-colour photos and illustrations and easy-to-follow worked examples support the text's strong emphasis on real-world application and troubleshooting. Updated throughout, the 10th Edition features selected circuits keyed to Multisim V14 and LT Spice files so that students learn how to simulate, analyse, and troubleshoot using the latest circuit simulation software.

This book explores integrated gate drivers with emphasis on new gallium nitride (GaN) power transistors, which offer fast switching along with minimum switching losses. It serves as a comprehensive, all-in-one source for gate driver IC design, written in handbook style with systematic guidelines. The authors cover the full range from fundamentals to implementation details including topics like power stages, various kinds of gate drivers (resonant, non-resonant, current-source, voltage-source), gate drive schemes, driver supply, gate loop, gate driver power efficiency and comparison silicon versus GaN transistors. Solutions are presented on the system and circuit level for highly integrated gate drivers. Coverage includes miniaturization by higher integration of subfunctions onto the IC (buffer capacitors), as well as more efficient switching by a multi-level approach, which also improves robustness in case of extremely fast switching transitions. The discussion also includes a concept for robust operation in the highly relevant case that the gate driver is placed in distance to the power transistor. All results are widely applicable to achieve highly compact, energy efficient, and cost-effective power electronics solutions.

Advances in Measurement Technology, Disaster Prevention and Mitigation collects papers resulting from the conference on Measurement Technology, Disaster Prevention and Mitigation (MTDPM 2022), Zhengzhou, China, 27-29 May, 2022. The primary goal is to promote research and developmental activities in measurement, disaster prevention and mitigation, and another goal is to promote scientific information interchange between scholars from the top universities, business associations, research centers and high-tech enterprises working all around the world. The conference conducts in-depth exchanges and discussions on relevant topics such as measurement, disaster prevention and mitigation, aiming to provide an academic and technical communication platform for scholars and engineers engaged in scientific research and engineering practice in the field of measurement application, measurement in civil engineering and disaster reduction. By sharing the research status of scientific research achievements and cutting-edge technologies, it helps scholars and engineers all over the world comprehend the academic development trend and broaden research ideas. So as to strengthen international academic research, academic topics exchange and discussion, and promote the industrialization cooperation of academic achievements.

Channeling or controlling the heat generated by electronics products is a vital concern of product developers: fail to confront this issue and the chances of product failure escalate. This third book in the series explores yet another method of heat management-the use of liquids to absorb and remove heat away from vital parts of the electronic systems.

Shuji Nakamura's development of a blue semiconductor laser on the basis of GaN opens the way for a host of new applications of semiconductor lasers. The wavelengths can be tuned by controlling the composition. For the first time it is possible to produce lasers with various wavelengths, ranging from red through yellow and green to blue, in one substrate material. This fact, together with their high efficiency, makes GaN-based lasers very useful for a wide spectrum of applications. The second edition of this basic book on GaN-based devices has been updated and significantly extended. It includes a survey of worldwide research on GaN, as well as Nakamura's latest important developments. The reader finds a careful introduction to the physics and properties of GaN. The main part of the book deals with the production and characteristics of GaN LDs and LEDs. To complete the spectrum of applications, GaN power devices are also described.

Discusses the method to grow not only graphene over Cu but also allows the reader to know how to optimize graphene growth, using statistical design of experiments, on Cu interconnects in order to obtain good-quality and reliable interconnects Provides the basic understanding of graphene-Cu interaction mechanism Introduces a novel graphene growth process and graphene-assisted electroless copper plating

This book describes in detail the construction and working principle of a variety of commercially available hysteresis machines. The last part of the book is devoted to a comprehensive study of an experimental hysteresis machine. The contents of this part derive entirely from the experimental and analytical work carried out by the author during his doctoral research at the University of Aston in the UK. The exhaustive range of tests and measurements, obtained by the use of uniquely devised transducers and techniques-many of these having been evolved for the first time-showcase numerous aspects of a hysteresis machine. These relate mainly to the measured waveforms of radial and peripheral flux density in the airgap and active part of the rotor as influenced by the hysteretic properties of the rotor material. Print edition not for sale in South Asia (India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan or Bhutan).

Over the past two decades, technologies for microsystems fabrication have made considerable progress. This has made possible a large variety of new commercial devices ranging, for example, from integrated pressure and acceleration microsensors to active micromirror arrays for image projection. In the near future, there will be a number of new devices, which will be commercialized in many application areas. The field of microsystems is characterized by its wide diversity, which requires a multidisciplinary approach for design and processes as well as in application areas. Although there is a common technological background derived from integrated circuits, it is clear that microsystems will require additional application-specific technologies. Since most microsystem technologies are based on batch processing and dedicated to mass production, prototyping is likely to be an expensive and time-consuming step. It is recognized that standardization of the processes as well as of the design tools will definitely help reduce the entry cost of microsystems. This creates a very challenging situation for the design, modeling and simulation of microsystems. Methodology for the Modeling and Simulation of Microsystems is the first book to give an overview of the problems associated with modeling and simulation of microsystems. It introduces a new methodology, which is supported by several examples. It should provide a useful starting point for both scientists and engineers seeking background information for efficient design of microsystems.

This thesis contains three breakthrough results in condensed matter physics. Firstly, broken reflection symmetry in the hidden-order phase of the heavy-fermion material URu2Si2 is observed for the first time. This represents a significant advance in the understanding of this enigmatic material which has long intrigued the condensed matter community due to its emergent long range order exhibited at low temperatures (the so-called "hidden order"). Secondly and thirdly, a novel collective mode (the chiral spin wave) and a novel composite particle (the chiral exciton) are discovered in the three dimensional topological insulator Bi2Se3. This opens up new avenues of possibility for the use of topological insulators in photonic, optoelectronic, and spintronic devices. These discoveries are facilitated by using low-temperature polarized Raman spectroscopy as a tool for identifying optically excited collective modes in strongly correlated electron systems and three-dimensional topological insulators.

The series Topics in Current Chemistry Collections presents critical reviews from the journal Topics in Current Chemistry organized in topical volumes. The scope of coverage is all areas of chemical science including the interfaces with related disciplines such as biology, medicine and materials science. The goal of each thematic volume is to give the non-specialist reader, whether in academia or industry, a comprehensive insight into an area where new research is emerging which is of interest to a larger scientific audience.Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field.The chapter "Aggregation-Induced Emission In Electrochemiluminescence: Advances and Perspectives" is available open access under a CC BY 4.0 License via link.springer.com.

This book provides a systematical and comprehensive description of some facets of modeling, designing, analyzing and exploring the control allocation and fault-tolerant control problems for over-actuated spacecraft attitude control system under actuator failures, system uncertainties and disturbances. The book intends to provide a unified platform for understanding and applicability of the fault-tolerant attitude control and control allocation for different purposes in aerospace engineering and some related fields. And it is particularly suited for readers who are interested to learn solutions in spacecraft attitude control system design and related engineering applications.

Exploring new trends in computer technology, Corporal introduces an innovative and exciting concept: Transport Triggered Architecture (TTAs). Unlike most traditional architectures, where programmed operations trigger internal data transports, TTAs function through programming the data transports themselves. As a result the new architecture alleviates bottlenecks, allows for new code-generation optimizations and exploits hardware more efficiently. Founded on the author’s recent research, this book evaluates the attributes of different classes of architectures. It demonstrates how TTAs can be used as a template for automatic generation of application-specific processors and highlights their suitability for embedded system design. Several commercial TTA implementations have proven its concepts and advantages.

Features includes:

• Complexity analysis of the data path of Instruction Level Parallel processors, particularly of VLIW (Very Long Instruction Word) and super-pipelined processors
• Derivation of the transport triggering concept illustrating processor simplification
• In-depth analysis of the architecture design space of TTAs and evaluation of architecture parameters
• Examination of the control and pipelining of instruction, function and register units
• Description of a trajectory for the automatic synthesis of TTAs for arbitrary applications written in a high-level language
• Detailed description of a prototype TTA processor enabling the reader to design an embedded computer system with excellent cost-performance ratio

Microprocessor Architectures is cutting-edge text which will prove invaluable to both industrial hardware and software engineers involved in embedded system design and to postgraduate electrical engineering and computer science students. This clearly-structured reference demonstrates the versatility of TTAs and explores their influential role in the next generation of computer architecture.

This book characterizes how to design and synthesize nanomaterials of an organic and mineral nature. The book also discusses the visualization of developed nanomaterials and their bio-applications, as well as describes the biomedical effects and environmental impact of nanomaterials. This is an ideal book for students studying biomedicine or the life sciences, as well as researchers and professionals in medicine, environmental protection, biotechnology, agriculture, and the food industry. More specifically, this book addresses the important nanomaterials and nanobiotechnologies that are used in those fields in biomedicine and life sciences.

This book presents a new system of solar cells. Colloidal nanocrystals possess many physical and chemical properties which can be manipulated by advanced control over structural features like the particle size. One application field is photovoltaics where colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals are explored as components of photo-active layers which can be produced from liquid media, often in combination with conductive polymers. The further development of this interdisciplinary field of research requires a deep understanding of the physics and chemistry of colloidal nanocrystals, conducting polymers and photovoltaic devices. This book aims at bridging gaps between the involved scientific disciplines and presents important fundamentals and the current state of research of relevant materials and different types of nanoparticle-based solar cells. The book will be of interest to researchers and PhD students. Moreover, it may also serve to accompany specialized lectures in related areas.

This thesis describes advances in the understanding of HgCdTe detectors. While long wave (15 m) infrared detectors HgCdTe detectors have been developed for military use under high background irradiance, these arrays had not previously been developed for astronomical use where the background irradiance is a billion times smaller. The main pitfall in developing such arrays for astronomy is the pixel dark current which plagues long wave HgCdTe. The author details work on the success of shorter wavelength development at Teledyne Imaging Sensors, carefully modeling the dark current-reverse bias voltage curves of their 10 m devices at a temperature of 30K, as well as the dark current-temperature curves at several reverse biases, including 250 mV. By projecting first to 13 and then 15 m HgCdTe growth, values of fundamental properties of the material that would minimize tunneling dark currents were determined through careful modeling of the dark current-reverse bias voltage curves, as well as the dark current-temperature curves. This analysis was borne out in the 13 m parts produced by Teledyne, and then further honed to produce the necessary parameters for the 15 m growth. The resulting 13 m arrays are being considered by a number of ground-based astronomy research groups.

This book focuses on angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy studies on novel interfacial phenomena in three typical two-dimensional material heterostructures: graphene/h-BN, twisted bilayer graphene, and topological insulator/high-temperature superconductors. Since the discovery of graphene, two-dimensional materials have proven to be quite a large "family". As an alternative to searching for other family members with distinct properties, the combination of two-dimensional (2D) materials to construct heterostructures offers a new platform for achieving new quantum phenomena, exploring new physics, and designing new quantum devices. By stacking different 2D materials together and utilizing interfacial periodical potential and order-parameter coupling, the resulting heterostructure's electronic properties can be tuned to achieve novel properties distinct from those of its constituent materials. This book offers a valuable reference guide for all researchers and students working in the area of condensed matter physics and materials science.

This book focuses on the progress in optoelectronic materials research and technologies, presenting reviews and original works on the theory, fabrication, characterization, and applications of optoelectronic materials. The chapters discuss preparation and properties of several optoelectronic materials, such as ZnO, SnO2, Zn1-XSnXO, BaTiO3, GaAs, GaP, ZnSe, and NaAlSi. The structural, optical, vibrational, and magnetic properties are discussed, in addition to transport and phase transformations.

Interest in latchup is being renewed with the evolution of complimentary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology, metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) scaling, and high-level system-on-chip (SOC) integration.

Clear methodologies that grant protection from latchup, with insight into the physics, technology and circuit issues involved, are in increasing demand.

This book describes CMOS and BiCMOS semiconductor technology and their sensitivity to present day latchup phenomena, from basic over-voltage and over-current conditions, single event latchup (SEL) and cable discharge events (CDE), to latchup domino phenomena. It contains chapters focusing on bipolar physics, latchup theory, latchup and guard ring characterization structures, characterization testing, product level test systems, product level testing and experimental results. Discussions on state-of-the-art semiconductor processes, design layout, and circuit level and system level latchup solutions are also included, as well as:

latchup semiconductor process solutions for both CMOS to BiCMOS, such as shallow trench, deep trench, retrograde wells, connecting implants, sub-collectors, heavily-doped buried layers, and buried grids - from single- to triple-well CMOS; practical latchup design methods, automated and bench-level latchup testing methods and techniques, latchup theory of logarithm resistance space, generalized alpha (a) space, beta (b) space, new latchup design methods- connecting the theoretical to the practical analysis, and; examples of latchup computer aided design (CAD) methodologies, from design rule checking (DRC) and logical-to-physical design, to new latchup CAD methodologiesthat address latchup for internal and external latchup on a local as well as global design level.

"Latchup" acts as a companion text to the author's series of books on ESD (electrostatic discharge) protection, serving as an invaluable reference for the professional semiconductor chip and system-level ESD engineer. Semiconductor device, process and circuit designers, and quality, reliability and failure analysis engineers will find it informative on the issues that confront modern CMOS technology. Practitioners in the automotive and aerospace industries will also find it useful. In addition, its academic treatment will appeal to both senior and graduate students with interests in semiconductor process, device physics, computer aided design and design integration.

This book demonstrates how to use the Synopsys Sentaurus TCAD 2014 version for the design and simulation of 3D CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) semiconductor nanoelectronic devices, while also providing selected source codes (Technology Computer-Aided Design, TCAD). Instead of the built-in examples of Sentaurus TCAD 2014, the practical cases presented here, based on years of teaching and research experience, are used to interpret and analyze simulation results of the physical and electrical properties of designed 3D CMOSFET (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor) nanoelectronic devices. The book also addresses in detail the fundamental theory of advanced semiconductor device design for the further simulation and analysis of electric and physical properties of semiconductor devices. The design and simulation technologies for nano-semiconductor devices explored here are more practical in nature and representative of the semiconductor industry, and as such can promote the development of pioneering semiconductor devices, semiconductor device physics, and more practically-oriented approaches to teaching and learning semiconductor engineering. The book can be used for graduate and senior undergraduate students alike, while also offering a reference guide for engineers and experts in the semiconductor industry. Readers are expected to have some preliminary knowledge of the field.

Covers all emergent materials (natural and artificial) that are promising for optical, infrared, and terahertz applications Comparatively analyzes these materials, elucidating their unique advantages, limitations, and application scopes Provides an up-to-date record on achievements and progress in cutting-edge optical, infrared, and terahertz applications Offers a comprehensive overview to connect multidisciplinary fields, such as materials, physics, and optics, to serve as a basis for future progress

Robust Automatic Speech Recognition: A Bridge to Practical Applications establishes a solid foundation for automatic speech recognition that is robust against acoustic environmental distortion. It provides a thorough overview of classical and modern noise-and reverberation robust techniques that have been developed over the past thirty years, with an emphasis on practical methods that have been proven to be successful and which are likely to be further developed for future applications. The strengths and weaknesses of robustness-enhancing speech recognition techniques are carefully analyzed. The book covers noise-robust techniques designed for acoustic models which are based on both Gaussian mixture models and deep neural networks. In addition, a guide to selecting the best methods for practical applications is provided. The reader will: Gain a unified, deep and systematic understanding of the state-of-the-art technologies for robust speech recognition Learn the links and relationship between alternative technologies for robust speech recognition Be able to use the technology analysis and categorization detailed in the book to guide future technology development Be able to develop new noise-robust methods in the current era of deep learning for acoustic modeling in speech recognition

A practical, comprehensive survey of SOI CMOS devices and circuits for microelectronics engineers

The microelectronics industry is becoming increasingly dependent on SOI CMOS VLSI devices and circuits. This book is the first to address this important topic with a practical focus on devices and circuits. It provides an up-to-date survey of the current knowledge regarding SOI device behaviors and describes state-of-the-art low-voltage CMOS VLSI analog and digital circuit techniques.

Low-Voltage SOI CMOS VLSI Devices and Circuits covers the entire field, from basic concepts to the most advanced ideas. Topics include:

• SOI device behavior: fundamental and floating body effects, hot carrier effects, sensitivity, reliability, self-heating, breakdown, ESD, dual-gate devices, accumulation-mode devices, short channel effects, and narrow channel effects
• Low-voltage SOI digital circuits: floating body effects, DRAM, SRAM, static logic, dynamic logic, gate array, CPU, frequency divider, and DSP
• Low-voltage SOI analog circuits: op amps, filters, ADC/DAC, sigma-delta modulators, RF circuits, VCO, mixers, low-noise amplifiers, and high-temperature circuits

With over 300 references to the state of the art and over 300 important figures on low-voltage SOI CMOS devices and circuits, this volume serves as an authoritative, reliable resource for engineers designing these circuits in high-tech industries.

The focused ion beam (FIB) system is an important tool for understanding and manipulating the structure of materials at the nanoscale. Combining this system with an electron beam creates a DualBeam - a single system that can function as an imaging, analytical and sample modification tool. Presenting the principles, capabilities, challenges and applications of the FIB technique, this edited volume, first published in 2007, comprehensively covers the ion beam technology including the DualBeam. The basic principles of ion beam and two-beam systems, their interaction with materials, etching and deposition are all covered, as well as in situ materials characterization, sample preparation, three-dimensional reconstruction and applications in biomaterials and nanotechnology. With nanostructured materials becoming increasingly important in micromechanical, electronic and magnetic devices, this self-contained review of the range of ion beam methods, their advantages, and when best to implement them is a valuable resource for researchers in materials science, electrical engineering and nanotechnology.