The rising share of photovoltaic (PV) energy requires sophisticated digital techniques to control, monitor and integrate them with the grid. For movable systems, tracking is necessary. Especially for remote areas, where no trained personnel might be nearby to intervene, such technologies are vital to ensure reliability and power quality, and to harness the solar potential of these locations. This is important to use PV energy in the grid, as well as for desalination, water pumping and hydrolysis. Digital Technologies for Solar Photovoltaic Systems: From general to rural and remote installations focuses on the latest research and developments in PV energy system operation and integration. It provides extensive coverage of R&D to overcome critical limitations to the use of remote PV systems. Chapters cover phase-shifting transformers, grid-connected PV micro-inverter, distribution automation, PV powered water pumping, maximum power point tracking and solar tracking, soiling effects and measurement, cleaning methods, IoT based PV module cooling and cleaning, control of energy storage, and energy management. This book is a highly useful reference guide for researchers, designers, operators, and experts involved with PV systems, as well as for graduate students.

Silicon Anode Systems for Lithium-Ion Batteries is an introduction to silicon anodes as an alternative to traditional graphite-based anodes. The book provides a comprehensive overview including abundance, system voltage, and capacity. It provides key insights into the basic challenges faced by the materials system such as new configurations and concepts for overcoming the expansion and contraction related problems. This book has been written for the practitioner, researcher or developer of commercial technologies.

Sodium-cooled Fast Reactors is the third volume in the JSME Series on Thermal and Nuclear Power Generation, which presents a comprehensive view of the latest research and activities from around the globe. Volume Editors Masaki Morishita and Hiroyuki Ohshima, along with their team of expert contributors, combine their knowledge and experience to provide a solid understanding of the history of SFRs and work carried out in Japan to date. This book uniquely includes case studies from these global regions to highlight SFR uses, benefits and challenges, focusing on their safety, design, operation, and maintenance. Unique to this publication, the JSME cover key technological advances which will shape power generation of the future, including developments in the use of AI for design. Drawing on their unique experience, the authors pass on lessons learned and best practices to support professionals and researchers in their development and design of this advanced reactor type.

Handbook of Algal Biofuels: Aspects of Cultivation, Conversion and Biorefinery comprehensively covers the cultivation, harvesting, conversion, and utilization of microalgae and seaweeds for different kinds of biofuels. The book addresses four main topics in the algal biofuel value-chain. First, it explores algal diversity and composition, covering micro- and macroalgal diversity, classification, and composition, their cultivation, biotechnological applications, current use within industry for biofuels and value-added products, and their application in CO2 sequestration, wastewater treatment, and water desalination. Next, the book addresses algal biofuel production, presenting detailed guidelines and protocols for different production routes of biodiesel, biogas, bioethanol, biobutanol, biohydrogen, jet fuel, and thermochemical conversation methods. Then, the authors discuss integrated approaches for enhanced biofuel production. This includes updates on the recent advances, breakthroughs, and challenges of algal biomass utilization as a feedstock for alternative biofuels, process intensification techniques, life cycle analysis, and integrated approaches such as wastewater treatment with CO2 sequestration using cost-effective and eco-friendly techniques. In addition, different routes for waste recycling for enhanced biofuel production are discussed alongside economic analyses. Finally, this book presents case studies for algal biomass and biofuel production including BIQ algae house, Renewable Energy Laboratory project, Aquatic Species Program, and the current status of algal industry for biofuel production. Handbook of Algal Biofuels offers an all-in-one resource for researchers, graduate students, and industry professionals working in the areas of biofuels and phycology and will be of interest to engineers working in renewable energy, bioenergy, alternative fuels, biotechnology, and chemical engineering. Furthermore, this book includes structured foundational content on algae and algal biofuels for undergraduate and graduate students working in biology and life sciences.

Decentralized Frameworks for Future Power Systems: Operation, Planning and Control Perspectives is the first book to consider the principles and applications of decentralized decision-making in future power networks. The work opens by defining the emerging power system network as a system-of-systems (SoS), exploring the guiding principles behind optimal solutions for operation and planning problems. Chapters emphasize the role of regulations, prosumption behaviors, and the implementation of transactive energy processes as key components in decentralizing power systems. Contributors explore local markets, distribution system operation and proactive load management. The role of cryptocurrencies in smoothing transactive distributional challenges are presented. Final sections cover energy system planning, particularly in terms of consumer smart meter technologies and distributed optimization methods, including artificial intelligence, meta-heuristic, heuristic, mathematical and hybrid approaches. The work closes by considering decentralization across the cybersecurity, distributed control, market design and power quality optimization vertices.

Natural gas and liquefied natural gas (LNG) continue to grow as a part of the sustainable energy mix. While oil and gas companies look to lower emissions, one key refinery component that contributes up to 60% of emissions are valves, mainly due to poor design, sealing, and testing. Cryogenic Valves for Liquefied Natural Gas Plants delivers a much-needed reference that focuses on the design, testing, maintenance, material selection, and standards needed to stay environmentally compliant at natural gas refineries. Covering technical definitions, case studies, and Q&A, the reference includes all ranges of natural gas compounds, including LPG, CNG, NGL, and PNG. Key design considerations are included that are specific for cryogenic services, including a case study on cryogenic butterfly valves. The material selection process can be more complex for cryogenic services, so the author goes into more detail about materials that adhere to cryogenic temperature resistance. Most importantly, testing of valves is covered in depth, including shell test, closure or seat test, and thermal shock tests, along with tactics on how to prevent dangerous cryogenic leaks, which are very harmful to the environment. The book is a vital resource for today's natural gas engineers.

Innovative Energy Conversion from Biomass Waste offers a new approach to optimizing energy recovery from waste using thermochemical conversion. Instead of conventional pinch technology, the book proposes integrated systems employing exergy recovery and process integration technologies to minimize exergy loss due to entropy generation. This innovative approach is demonstrated in three case studies using high-potential low-rank fuels from industrial waste products with high moisture content, high volatile matter, and high hemicellulose content. From these case studies, readers are provided with three different examples of biomass type, pre-treatment route, and conversion, from fruit bunch cofired within existing coal power plants, black liquor in a stand-alone system, and rice waste processing integrated into existing agricultural systems. Innovative Energy Conversion from Biomass Waste is a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners alike, and will be of interest to environmental scientists, biotechnologists, and chemical engineers working in waste-to-energy and renewable energy.

Process Chemistry of Coal Utilization: Chemistry Toolkit for Furnaces and Gasifiers presents a broad range of quantitative methods for solving common problems surrounding the performance of coal utilization technologies. As a logical follow up to Niksa's 2019 publication which covers the Impacts of Coal Quality and Operating Conditions (9780128187135), this book demonstrates the practical applications of the technologies previously discussed and analyzes fuel quality impacts across all regions. Stephen Niksa's wealth of experience of commercial applications of coal utilization makes this book an invaluable resource into fuel applications, cost effectiveness and policy. Relating coal conversion chemistry to practical applications in design, validation, performance and troubleshooting on a commercial scale makes this book an invaluable resource for a variety of readers. Engineers, researchers and manufacturers will gain a solid understanding of technological options and a range of alternative approaches that they can use to tailor their own testing and simulation work to effectively characterize and solve problems.

Fundamentals of Low Emission Flameless Combustion and Its Applications is a comprehensive reference on the flameless combustion mode and its industrial applications, considering various types of fossil and alternative fuel. Several experimental and numerical accomplishments on the fundamentals of state-of-the-art flameless combustion is presented, working to clarify the environmentally friendly aspects of this combustion mode. Author Dr. Hosseini presents the latest progresses in the field and highlights the most important achievements since invention, including the fundamentals of thermodynamics, heat transfer and chemical kinetics. Also analyzed is fuel consumption reduction and the efficiency of the system, emissions formation and the effect of the flameless mode on emission reduction. This book provides a solid foundation for those in industry employing flameless combustion for energy conservation and the mitigation of pollutant emissions. It will provide engineers and researchers in energy system engineering, chemical engineering, industrial engineers and environmental engineering with a reliable resource on flameless combustion and may also serve as a textbook for senior graduate students.

Hybrid Enhanced Oil Recovery Processes for Heavy Oil Reservoirs, Volume 73 systematically introduces these technologies. As the development of heavy oil reservoirs is emphasized, the petroleum industry is faced with the challenges of selecting cost-effective and environmentally friendly recovery processes. This book tackles these challenges with the introduction and investigation of a variety of hybrid EOR processes. In addition, it addresses the application of these hybrid EOR processes in onshore and offshore heavy oil reservoirs, including theoretical, experimental and simulation approaches. This book will be very useful for petroleum engineers, technicians, academics and students who need to study the hybrid EOR processes, In addition, it will provide an excellent reference for field operations by the petroleum industry.

A Thermo-Economic Approach to Energy From Waste provides readers with the tools to analyze the effectiveness of biomass waste conversion into value-added products and how thermochemical conversion methods can be commercialized with minimum environmental impact. The book provides a comprehensive overview of biomass conversion technologies through pyrolysis, including the types of reactors available, reactor mechanisms, and the upgradation of bio-oil. Case studies are provided on waste disposal in selected favelas (slums) of Rio de Janeiro, including data on subnormal clusters and analyses of solid waste in the 37 slums of Catumbi. Step-by-step guidance is provided on how to use a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach to analyze the potential impact of various waste-to-energy conversion technologies, and a brief overview of the common applications of LCA in other geographical locations is presented, including United States, Europe, China, and Brazil. Finally, waste-to-value-added functional catalysts for the transesterification process in biodiesel production are discussed alongside various other novel technologies for biodiesel production, process simulation, and techno-economic analysis of biodiesel production. Bringing together research and real-world case studies from an LCA perspective, the book provides an ideal reference for researchers and practitioners interested in waste-to-energy conversion, LCA, and the sustainable production of bioenergy.

Corrosion in Amine Treating Units, Second Edition presents a fully updated resource with a broadened focus that includes corrosion in not only refining operations, but also in oil and gas production. New sections have been added on inhibition, corrosion modeling and metallic coatings. More detailed descriptions of the degradation mechanisms and Integrity Operating Windows (IOW) are now included, as is more in-depth information on guidelines for what sections and locations are most vulnerable to corrosion and how to control corrosion in amine units e.g., using corrosion Loop descriptions and providing indicative integrity operating windows for operation to achieve a suitable life expectance.

Sustainable Oil and Gas Development Series: Reservoir Development delivers research materials and emerging technologies that conform sustainability in today's reservoirs. Starting with a status of technologies available, the reference describes sustainability as it applies to fracturing fluids, particularly within unconventional reservoirs. Basement reservoirs are discussed along with non-energy applications of fluids. Sustainability considerations for reserve predication are covered followed by risk analysis and scaling guidelines for further field development. Rounding out with conclusions and remaining challenges, Sustainable Oil and Gas Development Series: Reservoir Development gives today and future petroleum engineers a focused and balanced path to strengthen sustainability practices.

The major topical and societal issues of energy transition and environmental conservation have benefited from the contribution of nanotechnologies and nanomaterials. Nanomaterials, including carbon-based newcomers, have helped to improve in particular the performance of energy storage and conversion devices. Some of these nanomaterials, including fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, nanodiamonds and carbon dots, were discovered well before the 2000s. Others are more recent, including graphene (the leading material of the 21st century) as well as many mineral materials developed at the nano scale: atomic clusters, metal or semiconductor nanoparticles, two-dimensional inorganic materials, metal-organic frameworks (MOF) and luminescent quantum dots. All of these are involved in the realization of devices for energy purposes. Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials for Energy provides a critical analysis of the latest work in the fields of batteries, photovoltaics, fuel cells and catalysis as well as lighting, with the advent of light-emitting diodes.

Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors: Atucha-II, the eighth volume in the JSME Series on Thermal and Nuclear Power Generation, provides a comprehensive and complete review of a single type of reactor in a very accessible and practical way. The book presents a close analysis of the Atucha reactor, covering reactor physics, aging management of major components, and the role of codes in PHWR and Nuclear Regulation and Licensing. Including contemporary capabilities and challenges of nuclear technology, the book offers solutions and advice on common problems faced, guiding the reader through safe and approved processes that will help them reach suitable solutions. Professionals involved in lifecycle assessments and researchers interested in the development and improvement of nuclear energy technologies will gain a deep understanding of PHWR nuclear reactor physics, design and licensing.

Engineers and geologists in the petroleum industry will find Petroleum Related Rock Mechanics, Third Edition, to be a powerful resource in providing a basis for rock mechanical knowledge, which can greatly assist in the understanding of field behavior, design of test programs, and the design of field operations. Not only does this text provide specific applications of rock mechanics used within the petroleum industry, it has a strong focus on basics like drilling, production, and reservoir engineering. Assessment of rock mechanical parameters is covered in depth, as is acoustic wave propagation in rocks, with possible link to 4D seismic as well as log interpretation. Petroleum Related Rock Mechanics, Third Edition, is updated to include new topics such as formation barriers around cased wells, finite element analysis, multicomponent models, acoustic emissions and elliptical holes. It also includes updated and expanded coverage of shale reservoirs, hydraulic fracturing, and carbon capture and sequestration.

Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors: CANDU, the seventh volume in the JSME Series on Thermal and Nuclear Power Generation series, provides a comprehensive and complete review of a single type of reactor in a very accessible and practical way. The book presents the full lifecycle, from design and manufacturing to operation and maintenance, also covering fitness-for-service and long-term operation. It does not relate to any specific vendor-based technology, but rather provides a broad overview of the latest technologies from a variety of active locations which will be of great value to countries invested in developing their own nuclear programs. Including contemporary capabilities and challenges of nuclear technology, the book offers practical solutions to common problems faced, along with the safe and approved processes to reach suitable solutions. Professionals involved in nuclear power plant lifecycle assessment and researchers interested in the development and improvement of nuclear energy technologies will gain a deep understanding of PHWR nuclear reactor physics, chemistry and thermal-hydraulic properties.

Theory and Technology of Multiscale Dispersed Particle Gel for in-depth Profile Control systematically introduces concepts surrounding preparation principles and methods of DPG particles. The whole preparation process can be divided into two major stages: bulk gel crosslinking reaction period and DPG particle preparation period. The effects of bulk gel strength, shearing time, shearing rate and bulk gel-water ratio on PDPG particles are also systematically analyzed. Zirconium bulk gel, phenolic resin bulk gel, and organic-inorganic cross-linked bulk gel with short gelation time on the ground are introduced, along with gelation properties, gelation influencing factors, thermal stability and applicable conditions. This book systematically describes the theory and technology of multiscale dispersed particle gel which shows promise as an acceptable alternative to conventional water technologies needed for enhanced oil recovery in high water cut mature oilfields.

Contamination Control in the Natural Gas Industry delivers the separation fundamentals and technology applications utilized by natural gas producers and processors. This reference covers principles and practices for better design and operation of a wide range of media, filters and systems to remove contaminants from liquids and gases, enabling gas industry professionals to fulfill diverse fluid purification requirements. Packed to cover practical technologies, diagnostics and troubleshooting methods, this book provides gas engineers and technologists with a critical first-ever reference geared to contamination control.

Handbook of Biofuels looks at the many new developments in various type of bioenergy, along with the significant constraints in their production and/or applications. Beyond introducing current approaches and possible future directions of research, this title covers sources and processing of raw materials to downstream processing, constraints involved and research approaches to address and overcome these needs. Different combinations of products from the biorefinery are included, along with the material to answer questions surrounding the optimum process conditions for conversion of different feedstocks to bioenergy, the basis for choosing conversion technology, and what bioenergy products make economic sense. With chapters on the techno-economic analysis of biofuel production and concepts and step-by-step approaches in bioenergy processing, the objective of this book is to present a comprehensive and all-encompassing reference about bioenergy to students, teachers, researchers and professionals.

Water-Energy-Food Nexus Narratives and Resource Securities: A Global South Perspective provides a knowledge synthesis on the water-energy-food (WEF) nexus, focusing primarily on the global south. By presenting concepts, analytical tools, and case studies, the book serves as a practical resource for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners in sustainability and functional roles across all three sectors. It addresses key issues related to data availability, tools, indices, metrics, and application across multiple scales, beginning with a summary of existing knowledge. Finally, it examines the WEF nexus, presents global insights, and discusses future considerations and implications. This book presents an overview of existing knowledge on the WEF nexus and examines how such research aligns with emerging global WEF nexus perspectives, making it ideal for professionals, government entities, private industry, and the general public.

Sustainable production of hydrocarbon biofuels from biomass, fuels that are fully compatible with existing internal combustion engines, will allow the global transport economy to transition to a sustainable energy source without the need for capital-intensive new infrastructures. Hydrocarbon Biorefinery: Sustainable Processing of Biomass for Hydrocarbon Biofuels presents a comprehensive and easy to understand consolidation of existing knowledge for the production of hydrocarbon biofuels from biomass. Three major areas for the conversion of biomass to hydrocarbon biofuels are addressed: i) Chemical and thermochemical conversion processes, ii) Biological and biochemical conversion processes, and iii) Conversion processes of biomass-derived compounds. Additionally, the book includes process design, life cycle analysis of various processes, reaction engineering, catalysts, process conditions and process concepts, and is supported with detailed case studies. The economic viability of each process is specifically addressed to provide a clear guide for the economic development of future hydrocarbon biofuels. Hydrocarbon Biorefinery: Sustainable Processing of Biomass for Hydrocarbon Biofuels offers an all-in-one resource for researchers, graduate students, and industry professionals working in the area of bioenergy and will be of interest to energy engineers, chemical engineers, bioengineers, chemists, agricultural researchers, and mechanical engineers. Furthermore, this book provides structured foundational content on biorefineries for undergraduate and graduate students.

Biomass, Biofuels, and Biochemicals: Algae-Based Biomaterials for Sustainable Development, Biomedical, Environmental Remediation and Sustainability Assessment, a new release in the Biomass, Biofuels, and Biochemicals series, covers algae-based biomaterials-the green and renewable material that can be produced from various micro- and macro-algae species and utilized for several applications, including biomedical healthcare and environmental remediation. The book provides assessments of the current development of algae-based biomaterials, delivering information on diverse feedstocks and technologies for biomaterial production with a perspective surrounding sustainable development. In addition, circular bioeconomy aspects are included, giving researchers a comprehensive, sustainable development view. This valuable addition to the series delivers a much-needed reference for today's applications in biomedical and environmental remediation.