Solar Hybrid Systems: Design and Application discusses the key power generation characteristics of solar systems and explores the growing need for hybrid systems. The authors use real-life examples to explain the disadvantages of solar systems without hybridization and to demonstrate the various applications hybrid solar systems can be used for, paying special attention to its integration with energy storage systems. The book also discusses the impact of hybridization and how this can improve power generation quality along with investigating novel and advanced hybrid solar systems. This is a useful reference for engineers and researchers involved in both the development and application of hybrid solar systems, and features topics such as solutions for the intermittence of renewable energy sources; on-gird and off-grid solar hybrid systems; the simulation, design and application of hybrid solar systems; the role of energy storage systems in solar hybrid applications; and the future of electric vehicles using solar hybrid systems.

In an uncertain and complex environment, to ensure secure and stable operations of large-scale power systems is one of the biggest challenges that power engineers have to address today. Traditionally, power system operations and decision-making in controls are based on power system computations of physical models describing the behavior of power systems. Largely, physical models are constructed according to some assumptions and simplifications, and such is the case with power system models. However, the complexity of power system stability problems, along with the system's inherent uncertainties and nonlinearities, can result in models that are impractical or inaccurate. This calls for adaptive or deep-learning algorithms to significantly improve current control schemes that solve decision and control problems. Cyberphysical Infrastructures in Power Systems: Architectures and Vulnerabilities provides an extensive overview of CPS concepts and infrastructures in power systems with a focus on the current state-of-the-art research in this field. Detailed classifications are pursued highlighting existing solutions, problems, and developments in this area.

Microgrids have emerged as a promising solution for accommodating the integration of renewable energy resources. But the intermittency of renewable generation is posing challenges such as voltage/frequency fluctuations, and grid stability issues in grid-connected modes. Model predictive control (MPC) is a method for controlling a process while satisfying a set of constraints. It has been in use for chemical plants and in oil refineries since the 1980s, but in recent years has been deployed for power systems and electronics as well. This concise work for researchers, engineers and graduate students focuses on the use of MPC for distributed renewable power generation in microgrids. Fluctuating outputs from renewable energy sources and variable load demands are covered, as are control design concepts. The authors provide examples and case studies to validate the theory with both simulation and experimental results and review the shortcomings and future developments. Chapters treat power electronic converters and control; modelling and hierarchical control of microgrids; use of MPC for PV and wind power; voltage support; parallel PV-ESS microgrids; secondary restoration capability; and tertiary power flow optimization.

Power System Fault Diagnosis: A Wide Area Measurement Based Intelligent Approach is a comprehensive overview of the growing interests in efficient diagnosis of power system faults to reduce outage duration and revenue losses by expediting the restoration process. This book illustrates intelligent fault diagnosis schemes for power system networks, at both transmission and distribution levels, using data acquired from phasor measurement units. It presents the power grid modeling, fault modeling, feature extraction processes, and various fault diagnosis techniques, including artificial intelligence techniques, in steps. The book also incorporates uncertainty associated with line parameters, fault information (resistance and inception angle), load demand, renewable energy generation, and measurement noises.

Reluctance motors induce non-permanent magnetic poles on the ferromagnetic rotor; the rotor does not have any windings and torque is generated through magnetic reluctance. Synchronous reluctance motors (SyRMs) have an equal number of stator and rotor poles. Reluctance motors can deliver high power density at low cost, so they are finding increasing application in the transport sector. Disadvantages include high torque ripple and the complexity of designing and controlling them. Advances in theory, computer design, and control electronics can overcome these issues. This hands-on reference covers the concept and design of synchronous reluctance motors. It conveys all key topics required to understand this technology. Chapters cover magnetic materials, geometry, modeling, design and analysis, optimization, production technology, fault-tolerance, experimental validation, and self-sensing-oriented optimization. Synchronous Reluctance Machines: Analysis, optimization and applications is ideal for researchers working on electrical machines and motors, particularly electric vehicles. The writers - experts from academia and industry - provide the reader with an excellent background and understanding of the core concepts involved in synchronous reluctance motors such that they can engage in their own R&D. The authors of this book are kindly donating all royalties to Operazione Mato Grosso.

Sustainable Biofuels: Opportunities and challenges, a volume in the "Applied Biotechnology Reviews" series, explores the state-of-the-art in research and applied technology for the conversion of all types of biofuels. Its chapters span a broad spectrum of knowledge, from fundamentals and technical aspects to optimization, combinations, economics, and environmental aspects. They cover various facets of research, production, and commercialization of bioethanol, biodiesel, biomethane, biohydrogen, biobutanol, and biojet fuel. This book discusses biochemical, thermochemical, and hydrothermal conversion of unconventional feedstocks, including the role of biotechnology applications to achieve efficiency and competitiveness. Through case studies, techno-economic analysis and sustainability assessment, including life cycle assessment, it goes beyond technical aspects to provides actual resources for better decision-making during the development of commercially viable technology by researchers, PhD students, and practitioners in the field of bioenergy. It is also a useful resource for those in adjacent areas, such as biotechnology, industrial microbiology, chemical engineering, environmental engineering, and sustainability science, who are working on solutions for the bioeconomy. The ability to compare different technologies and their outcome that this book provides is also beneficial for energy analysts, consultants, planners, and policy-makers. The "Applied Biotechnology Reviews" series highlights current development and research in biotechnology-related fields, combining in single-volume works the theoretical aspects and real-world applications for better decision-making.

Advances in Power Boilers is the second volume in the JSME Series on Thermal and Nuclear Power Generation. The volume provides the fundamentals of thermal power generation by firstly analysing different fuel options for thermal power generation and then also by tracing the development process of power boilers in about 300 years. The design principles and methodologies as well as the construction, operation and control of power boilers are explained in detail together with practical data making this a valuable guide for post-graduate students, researchers, engineers and regulators developing knowledge and skill of thermal power generation systems. Combining their wealth of experience and knowledge, the author team presents recent advanced technologies to the reader to enable them to further research and development in various systems, notably combined cycles, USC and A-USC, as well as PFBC and IGCC. The most recent best practices for material development for advanced power system as well as future scope of this important field of technology are clearly presented, and environment, maintenance, regulations and standards are considered throughout. The inclusion of photographs and drawings make this a unique reference for all those working and researching in the thermal engineering fields. The book is directed to professional engineers, researchers and post-graduate students of thermal engineering in industrial and academic field, as well as plant operators and regulators.

Power systems are becoming increasingly complex as well as flexible, able to integrate distributed renewable generation, EV, and additional loads. This expanded and updated second edition covers the technologies needed to operate modern power grids. Initial chapters cover power system modelling, telegrapher equations, power flow analysis, discrete Fourier transformation and stochastic differential equations. Ensuing chapters deal with power system operation and control, power flow, real-time control and state estimation techniques for distribution systems as well as shipboard systems. The final chapters describe stability analysis of power systems and cover voltage stability, transient stability, time delays, and limit cycles. New content for the second edition includes four new chapters on recent modelling, control and stability analysis of power electronic converters and electric vehicles. This new edition is an essential guide to technologies for operating modern flexible power systems for PhD students, early-career researchers and practitioners in the field.

Applications of Nuclear and Radioisotope Technology: For Peace and Sustainable Development presents the latest technology and research on nuclear energy with a practical focus on a variety of applications. Author Dr. Khalid Al-Nabhani provides a thorough and well-rounded view of the status of nuclear power generation in order to promote its benefits towards a sustainable, clean and secure future. This book offers innovative theoretical, analytical, methodological and technological approaches, encourages a positive societal and political uptake. This book enhances awareness of peaceful nuclear applications across a broad spectrum of industries, including power generation, agriculture, and medicine. It presents successful examples and lessons learned across many countries that are working towards their sustainability goals in cooperation with the IAEA and AAEA, to benefit researchers, professionals and decision-makers implementing and developing their own nuclear strategies for the future.

Residential Microgrids and Rural Electrifications contains an overview of microgrids' architecture, load assessments, designing of microgrids for residential systems, and rural electrifications to help readers understand the fundamentals. Including many new topics in the field of home automation and the application of IoT for microgrids monitoring and control, the book includes sections on the infrastructure necessary for charging Electric Vehicles in residential systems and rural electrifications and how to estimate the energy and cost of various combinations of energy resources. Many examples and practical case studies are included to enhance and reinforce learning objective goals. Those in engineering research and technical professions will be able to perform energy and cost analyses of various combinations of energy sources by using advanced, real simulation tools.

The support for polygeneration lies in the possibility of integrating different technologies into a single energy system, to maximize the utilization of both fossil and renewable fuels. A system that delivers multiple forms of energy to users, maximizing the overall efficiency makes polygeneration an emerging and viable option for energy consuming industries. Polygeneration Systems: Design, Processes and Technologies provides simple and advanced calculation techniques to evaluate energy, environmental and economic performance of polygeneration systems under analysis. With specific design guidelines for each type of polygeneration system and experimental performance data, referred both to single components and overall systems, this title covers all aspects of polygeneration from design to operation, optimization and practical implementation. Giving different aspects of both fossil and non-fossil fuel based polygeneration and the wider area of polygeneration processes, this book helps readers learn general principles to specific system design and development through analysis of case studies, examples, simulation characteristics and thermodynamic and economic data.

Piping and valve engineers rely on common industrial standards for selecting and maintaining valves, but these standards are not specific to the subsea oil and gas industry. Subsea Valves and Actuators for the Oil and Gas Industry delivers a needed reference to go beyond the standard to specify how to select, test, and maintain the right subsea oil and gas valve for the project. Each chapter focuses on a specific type of valve with a built-in structured table on valve selection, helping guide the engineer to the most efficient valve. Covering subsea-specific protection, the reference also gives information on high pressure protection systems (HIPPS) and discusses corrosion management within the subsea sector, such as Hydrogen Induced Stress Cracking Corrosion (HISC). Additional benefits include understanding the concept of different safety valves in subsea, selecting different valves and actuators located on subsea structures such as Christmas trees, manifolds, and HIPPS modules, with a full detail review including sensors, logic solver, and solenoid which is designed to save cost and improve the reliability in the subsea system. Rounding out with chapters on factory acceptance testing (FAT) and High Integrity Pressure Protection Systems (HIPPS), Subsea Valves and Actuators for the Oil and Gas Industry gives subsea engineers and managers a much-needed tool to better understand today's subsea technology.

European Glacial Landscapes: Maximum Extent of Glaciations brings together relevant experts on the history of glaciers and their impact on the landscape of the main regions of Europe. In some regions the largest recorded glaciations occurred before the Last Glacial Cycle, in one of the major glacial cycles of the Middle Pleistocene. However, the best-preserved evidence of glaciation in the landscape is from the Last Glacial Cycle (Late Pleistocene). The book also analyses these older glacial landforms that can sometimes still be seen in the landscape today. This analysis provides a better understanding of the succession of Pleistocene glaciations and the intervening interglacial periods, examining their possible continental synchrony or asynchrony of past glacier behaviour. The result of this analysis gives important new insights and information on the origin and effects of climatic and geomorphological variability across Europe. European Glacial Landscapes: Maximum Extent of Glaciations examines the landscapes produced by glaciers throughout Europe, the geomorphological effects of glaciations, as well as the chronology and evolution of the past glaciers, with the aim of understanding the interrelationship between glacial expansion and climate changes on this continent. This book is a valuable tool for geographers, geologist, environmental scientists, researchers in physics and earth sciences.

Prevention of Valve Fugitive Emissions in the Oil and Gas Industry delivers a critical reference for oil and gas engineers and managers to get up-to-speed on all factors surrounding valve fugitive emissions. New technology is included on monitoring, with special attention given to valve seals which are typically the biggest emitting factor on the valve. Proper testing requirements to mitigate future leaks are also covered. Rounding out with international standards, laws and specifications to apply to projects around the world, this book gives today's engineers updated knowledge on how to lower emissions on today's equipment.

Comprehensive Guide on Organic and Inorganic Solar Cells: Fundamental Concepts to Fabrication Methods is a one-stop, authoritative resource on all types of inorganic, organic and hybrid solar cells, including their theoretical background and the practical knowledge required for fabrication. With chapters rigorously dedicated to a particular type of solar cell, each subchapter takes a detailed look at synthesis recipes, deposition techniques, materials properties and their influence on solar cell performance, including advanced characterization methods with materials selection and experimental techniques. By addressing the evolution of solar cell technologies, second generation thin-film photovoltaics, organic solar cells, and finally, the latest hybrid organic-inorganic approaches, this book benefits students and researchers in solar cell technology to understand the similarities, differences, benefits and challenges of each device.

Innovation Dynamics and Policy in the Energy Sector discusses the process and future of global innovation in the energy sector based on the innovation leadership example of Texas. The book proposes that the positive dynamics of Texas energy sector innovations arises from a confluence of factors, including supportive institutions, the management of technological change, competitive markets, astute public policy, intraindustrial collaboration, a cultural focus on change and risk-taking, and natural resource abundance. Heavily case-study focused chapters review the fundamental drivers of innovation, from key discoveries at Spindletop; the proliferation of oil production through major field development; through electric sector deregulation; and recent innovation in hydraulic fracking, renewable integration, and carbon capture. The work closes to argue that sustainable global innovation addressing the twin challenges of climate change and the energy transition must be driven by the promotion of competition and risk-taking which continually promotes the development of ideas, a process jointly funded by the public and private sectors and supported by collaborative and competitive institutions.

A-Z of Biorefinery: A Comprehensive View provides a comprehensive book that highlights and illustrates important topics relating to biorefineries, including associated theory, current and future research trends, available techniques and future challenges. This book will benefit a wide range of audiences, including students, engineers, scientists, practitioners, and those who are keen to explore more on biorefinery. Sections cover the availability of current technologies, constraints, market trends, recent system developments, and the concepts that enable modern biorefineries to utilize all kinds of biomass. This book is an essential resource for students, scientists, engineers and practitioners working in industry and academia.

Electrification: Accelerating the Energy Transition offers a widely applicable framework to delineate context-sensitive pathways by which this transition can be accelerated and lists the types of processes and structures that may hinder progress towards this goal. The framework draws insights from well-established literature, ranging from technological studies to socio-technical studies of energy transitions, on to strategic niche management approaches, (international) political economy approaches, and institutionalist literatures, while also adopting wider social theoretical ideas from structuration theory. Contributors discuss a multitude of case studies drawn from global examples of electrification projects. Brief case studies and text boxes help users further understand this domain and the technological, infrastructural and societal structures that may exercise significant powers.

Clean Energy and Resource Recovery: Wastewater Treatment Plants as Bio-refineries, Volume 2, summarizes the fundamentals of various treatment modes applied to the recovery of energy and value-added products from wastewater treatment plants. The book addresses the production of biofuel, heat, and electricity, chemicals, feed, and other products from municipal wastewater, industrial wastewater, and sludge. It intends to provide the readers an account of up-to-date information on the recovery of biofuels and other value-added products using conventional and advanced technological developments. The book starts with identifying the key problems of the sectors and then provides solutions to them with step-by-step guidance on the implementation of processes and procedures. Titles compiled in this book further explore related issues like the safe disposal of leftovers, from a local to global scale. Finally, the book sheds light on how wastewater treatment facilities reduce stress on energy systems, decrease air and water pollution, build resiliency, and drive local economic activity. As a compliment to Volume 1: Biomass Waste Based Biorefineries, Clean Energy and Resource Recovery, Volume 2: Wastewater Treatment Plants as Bio-refineries is a comprehensive reference on all aspects of energy and resource recovery from wastewater. The book is going to be a handy reference tool for energy researchers, environmental scientists, and civil, chemical, and municipal engineers interested in waste-to-energy.

Power electronics converters are devices that change parameters of electric power, such as voltage and frequency, as well as between AC and DC. They are essential parts of both advanced drives, for machines and vehicles, and energy systems to meet required flexibility and efficiency criteria. In energy systems both stationary and mobile, control and converters help ensure reliability and quality of electric power supplies. This reference in two volumes is useful reading for scientists and researchers working with power electronics, drives and energy systems; manufacturers developing power electronics for advanced applications; professionals working in the utilities sector; and for advanced students of subjects related to power electronics. Volume 1 covers converters and control for drives, while Volume 2 addresses clean generation and power grids. The chapters enable the reader to directly apply the knowledge gained to their research and designs. Topics include reliability, WBG power semiconductor devices, converter topology and their fast response, matrix and multilevel converters, nonlinear dynamics, AI and machine learning. Robust modern control is covered as well. A coherent chapter structure and step-by-step explanation provide the reader with the understanding to pursue their research.