With an increase of global energy demand arising in urban settlements, the key challenges for the urban energy transition include analysis of energy efficiency options and the potential of renewable energy systems within the existing building stock, making cities a key actor in the transition success. In Urban Energy Systems for Low Carbon Cities, indicators to evaluate urban energy performance are introduced and the status quo of monitoring and efficiency valuation schemes are discussed. The book discusses advances on the state-of-the-art of research in a number of key areas: Energy demand and consumption mapping and monitoring Optimization of design and operation of urban supply and distribution systems Integration of renewable energy and urban energy network models Demand side management strategies to better match renewable supply and demand and increase flexibilities With innovative modelling methods this book gives a real bottom-up modelling approach used for the simulation of energy consumption, energy conversion systems and distribution networks using engineering methods.

Low-voltage equipment is designed for handling low voltages at consumer-level. This includes computing and telecommunications systems, power distribution grids and PV systems, and EV charging facilities. Exposure to sudden high voltage surges, for example, from switching or lightning, can damage or destroy low-voltage equipment. Protection of low-voltage equipment and systems from such phenomena is thus vital for human safety as well as preventing damages, and so understanding the processes and protective countermeasures is of great importance. This book offers a systematic and thorough treatise of the topic for researchers in industry and universities as well as utility experts and advanced students and more generally for all people involved in electromagnetic compatibility or designing surge protection systems and lightning protection systems. The book aims to provide answers to all readers' questions from the simplest to the most complicated, including guidance on the application of surge protective devices (SPD) illustrated by many cases studies. Following an introduction, chapters cover lightning and surges, risk assessment, standard environment, surge protection (surge protective components and surge protective devices), and their applications, new trends and unsolved challenges.

Graphene-Based Nanotechnologies for Energy and Environmental Applications explores how graphene-based materials are being used to make more efficient, reliable products and devices for energy storage and harvesting and environmental monitoring and purification. The book outlines the major sustainable, recyclable, and eco-friendly methods for using a range of graphene-based materials in innovative ways. It represents an important information source for materials scientists and engineers who want to learn more about the use of graphene-based nanomaterials to create the next generation of products and devices in energy and environmental science. Graphene-based nanotechnologies are at the heart of some of the most exciting developments in the fields of energy and environmental research. Graphene has exceptional properties, which are being used to create more effective products for electronic systems, environmental sensing devices, energy storage, electrode materials, fuel cell, novel nano-sorbents, membrane and photocatalytic degradation of environmental pollutants especially in the field of water and wastewater treatment.

Power Systems Modelling and Fault Analysis: Theory and Practice, Second Edition, focuses on the important core areas and technical skills required for practicing electrical power engineers. Providing a comprehensive and practical treatment of the modeling of electrical power systems, the book offers students and professionals the theory and practice of fault analysis of power systems, covering detailed and advanced theories and modern industry practices. The book describes relevant advances in the industry, such as international standards developments and new generation technologies, such as wind turbine generators, fault current limiters, multi-phase fault analysis, the measurement of equipment parameters, probabilistic short-circuit analysis, and more.

Hybrid Enhanced Oil Recovery Using Smart Waterflooding explains the latest technologies used in the integration of low-salinity and smart waterflooding in other EOR processes to reduce risks attributed to numerous difficulties in existing technologies, also introducing the synergetic effects. Covering both lab and field work and the challenges ahead, the book delivers a cutting-edge product for today's reservoir engineers.

Demand response (DR) describes controlled changes in the power consumption of an electric load to better match the power demand with the supply. This helps with increasing the share of intermittent renewables like solar and wind, thus ensuring use of the generated clean power and reducing the need for storage capacity. This book conveys the principles, implementation and applications of demand response. Chapters cover an overview of industrial DR strategies, cybersecurity, DR of industrial customers, price-based demand response, EV, transactive energy, DR with residential appliances, use of machine learning and neural networks, measurement and verification, and case studies in the Aran Islands, as well as a use case of AI and NN in energy consumption markets. The chapters have been written by an international team of highly qualified experts from academia as well as industry, ensuring a balanced and practically oriented insight. Readers will be able to develop and apply DR strategies to their respective systems. Industrial Demand Response: Methods, best practices, case studies, and applications is a valuable resource for researchers involved with regional as well as industrial power systems, power system engineers, experts at grid operators and advanced students.

Shale Gas and Tight Oil Reservoir Simulation delivers the latest research and applications used to better manage and interpret simulating production from shale gas and tight oil reservoirs. Starting with basic fundamentals, the book then includes real field data that will not only generate reliable reserve estimation, but also predict the effective range of reservoir and fracture properties through multiple history matching solutions. Also included are new insights into the numerical modelling of CO2 injection for enhanced oil recovery in tight oil reservoirs. This information is critical for a better understanding of the impacts of key reservoir properties and complex fractures.

Strategic Planning for the Sustainable Production of Biofuels presents several optimization models for the design and planning of sustainable biorefinery supply chains, including issues surrounding the potential of biomass feedstocks in multiple harvesting sites, availability and seasonality of biomass resources, different potential geographical locations for processing plants that produce multiple products using diverse production technologies, economies of scale for production technologies, demands and prices of multiple products, locations of storage facilities, and a number of transportation modes. Sustainability considerations are incorporated into the proposed models by including simultaneous economic, environmental and social performance in the evaluation of the supply chain designs.

Compression Machinery for Oil and Gas is the go-to source for all oil and gas compressors across the industry spectrum. Covering multiple topics from start to finish, this reference gives a complete guide to technology developments and their applications and implementation, including research trends. Including information on relevant standards and developments in subsea and downhole compression, this book aids engineers with a handy, single resource that will help them stay up-to-date on the compressors needed for today's oil and gas applications.

Advances of Computational Fluid Dynamics in Nuclear Reactor Design and Safety Assessment presents the latest computational fluid dynamic technologies. It includes an evaluation of safety systems for reactors using CFD and their design, the modeling of Severe Accident Phenomena Using CFD, Model Development for Two-phase Flows, and Applications for Sodium and Molten Salt Reactor Designs. Editors Joshi and Nayak have an invaluable wealth of experience that enables them to comment on the development of CFD models, the technologies currently in practice, and the future of CFD in nuclear reactors. Readers will find a thematic discussion on each aspect of CFD applications for the design and safety assessment of Gen II to Gen IV reactor concepts that will help them develop cost reduction strategies for nuclear power plants.

Sustainable Bioenergy: Advances and Impacts presents a careful overview of advances and promising innovation in the development of various bioenergy technologies. It covers the production of bio-jet fuel, algal biofuels, recent developments in bioprocesses, nanotechnology applications for energy conversion, the role of different catalysts in the production of biofuels, and the impacts of those fuels on society. The book brings together global experts to form a big picture of cutting-edge research in sustainable bioenergy and biofuels. It is an ideal resource for researchers, students, energy analysts and policymakers who will benefit from the book's overview of impacts and innovative needs.

The book addresses optimization in the petroleum industry from a practical, large-scale-application-oriented point of view. The models and techniques presented help to optimize the limited resources in the industry in order to maximize economic benefits, ensure operational safety, and reduce environmental impact. The book discusses several important real-life applications of optimization in the petroleum industry, ranging from the scheduling of personnel time to the blending of gasoline. It covers a wide spectrum of relevant activities, including drilling, producing, maintenance, and distribution. The text begins with an introductory overview of the petroleum industry and then of optimization models and techniques. The main body of the book details a variety of applications of optimization models and techniques within the petroleum industry. Applied  Optimization in the Petroleum Industry helps readers to find effective optimization-based solutions to their own practical problems in a large and important industrial sector, still the main source of the world’s energy and the source of raw materials for a wide variety of industrial and consumer products.

Gravity Energy Storage provides a comprehensive analysis of a novel energy storage system that is based on the working principle of well-established, pumped hydro energy storage, but that also recognizes the differences and benefits of the new gravity system. This book provides coverage of the development, feasibility, design, performance, operation, and economics associated with the implementation of such storage technology. In addition, a number of modeling approaches are proposed as a solution to various difficulties, such as proper sizing, application, value and optimal design of the system. The book includes both technical and economic aspects to guide the realization of this storage system in the right direction. Finally, political considerations and barriers are addressed to complement this work.

Information and communication technologies play an essential role in the effectiveness and efficiency of smart city processes. Recognizing the role of process analysis in energy usage and how it can be enhanced is essential to improving city sustainability. Smart Grid Analytics for Sustainability and Urbanization provides emerging research on the development of information technology and communication systems in smart cities and smart grids. While highlighting topics such as process mining, innovation management, and sustainability optimization, this publication explores technology development and the mobilization of different environments in smart cities. This book is an important resource for graduate students, researchers, academics, engineers, and government officials seeking current research on how process analysis in energy usage is manifested and how it can be enhanced.

Modern Aspects of Power System Frequency Stability and Control describes recently-developed tools, analyses, developments and new approaches in power system frequency, stability and control, filling a gap that, until the last few years, has been unavailable to power system engineers.

Fundamentals of Enhanced Oil and Gas Recovery from Conventional and Unconventional Reservoirs delivers the proper foundation on all types of currently utilized and upcoming enhanced oil recovery, including methods used in emerging unconventional reservoirs. Going beyond traditional secondary methods, this reference includes advanced water-based EOR methods which are becoming more popular due to CO2 injection methods used in EOR and methods specific to target shale oil and gas activity. Rounding out with a chapter devoted to optimizing the application and economy of EOR methods, the book brings reservoir and petroleum engineers up-to-speed on the latest studies to apply. Enhanced oil recovery continues to grow in technology, and with ongoing unconventional reservoir activity underway, enhanced oil recovery methods of many kinds will continue to gain in studies and scientific advancements. Reservoir engineers currently have multiple outlets to gain knowledge and are in need of one product go-to reference.

Analytical Modelling of Fuel Cells, Second Edition, is devoted to the analytical models that help us understand the mechanisms of cell operation. The book contains equations for the rapid evaluation of various aspects of fuel cell performance, including cell potential, rate of electrochemical reactions, rate of transport processes in the cell, and temperature fields in the cell, etc. Furthermore, the book discusses how to develop simple physics-based analytical models. A new chapter is devoted to analytical models of PEM fuel cell impedance, a technique that exhibits explosive growth potential. Finally, the book contains Maple worksheets implementing some of the models discussed.

Fundamentals of Magnetic Thermonuclear Reactor Design is a comprehensive resource on fusion technology and energy systems written by renowned scientists and engineers from the Russian nuclear industry. It brings together a wealth of invaluable experience and knowledge on controlled thermonuclear fusion (CTF) facilities with magnetic plasma confinement - from the first semi-commercial tokamak T-3, to the multi-billion international experimental thermonuclear reactor ITER, now in construction in France. As the INTOR and ITER projects have made an immense contribution in the past few decades, this book focuses on its practical engineering aspects and the basics of technical physics and electrical engineering. Users will gain an understanding of the key ratios between plasma and technical parameters, design streamlining algorithms and engineering solutions.