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Books > Professional & Technical > Energy technology & engineering
Fuel Cells for Transportation: Fundamental Principles and
Applications is the first comprehensive reference on the
application of fuel cells for light- and heavy-duty transportation.
Addressing the subject from both a materials and engineering
perspective, the book examines integration, modeling, and
optimization of fuel cells from fundamentals to the latest
advances. Chapters address every aspect of fuel cell systems for
transport applications, including performance optimization, stack
characterization, low-cost materials and catalysts, design of
bipolar plates and flow fields, water and thermal management,
durability under automotive driving cycles, cold start, state of
the art characterization, optimization of various components, and
more. Each chapter reviews the fundamental principles of the topic
before going on to examine the latest developments alongside
current applications and real-world case studies. This is an
essential reference for graduate students and researchers working
on fuel cells for transport applications, as well as professional
engineers involved in the application of fuel cells and clean
energy and working in any sector of the transportation industry.
Access to power and electricity is a vital resource for businesses
and for sustaining the livelihood of consumers. However, producing
reliable and renewable energy and distributing it in rural areas
can be challenging. Such activities require special technical
support measures for organizing a highly efficient and
cost-effective production process. Renewable Energy and Power
Supply Challenges for Rural Regions provides innovative insights
into energy production, consumption, and distribution in rural
regions and examines sustainable and renewable power sources. The
content within this publication explores such topics as renewable
energy, electrical network, and thermal energy storage. It is
designed for electricians, policymakers, state officials,
professionals, researchers, and academicians.
With the integration of more distributed or aggregated renewables,
and the wide utilization of power electronic devices, modern power
systems are facing new stability and security challenges, such as
the weakly damped oscillation caused by wind farms connected
through long distance transmission lines, the frequency stability
problem induced by the reduction of inertia and the voltage
stability issue resulting from the interactions between
transmission systems and dynamic loads. Meanwhile, synchronized
phasor measurement technology developed very fast in the last
decade, and more phasor measurement units (PMUs) and wide area
measurement systems (WAMSs) have been deployed. These provide more
insights into the system dynamics and approaches to overcoming the
new challenges. This book addresses the emerging concepts,
methodologies and applications of wide area monitoring, control and
protection in power systems with integrated large scale renewables.
Chapters cover monitoring, modelling and validation, control, and
data mining with an emphasis on synchrophasor technology, and
experiences with real power grids.
Mathematical Techniques of Fractional Order Systems illustrates
advances in linear and nonlinear fractional-order systems relating
to many interdisciplinary applications, including biomedical,
control, circuits, electromagnetics and security. The book covers
the mathematical background and literature survey of
fractional-order calculus and generalized fractional-order circuit
theorems from different perspectives in design, analysis and
realizations, nonlinear fractional-order circuits and systems, the
fractional-order memristive circuits and systems in design,
analysis, emulators, simulation and experimental results. It is
primarily meant for researchers from academia and industry, and for
those working in areas such as control engineering, electrical
engineering, computer science and information technology. This book
is ideal for researchers working in the area of both
continuous-time and discrete-time dynamics and chaotic systems.
The future of energy production, operation and management in a
changing world was the focus of the 5th International Conference on
Energy Production and Management. Papers presented at the meeting
form this volume. A focus is placed on the comparison of
conventional energy sources, particularly hydrocarbons, with a
number of other ways of producing energy, emphasising new
technological developments, based on renewable resources such as
solar, hydro, wind and geothermal. Key to sustainability is the
need to convert new sustainable sources of energy into useful forms
(electricity, heat, fuel), while finding efficient ways of storage
and distribution. In many cases, the challenges lie as much with
the production of such renewable energy at an acceptable cost,
including damage to the environment, as with the integration of
those resources into the existing infrastructure. The changes
required to progress from an economy based mainly on hydrocarbons
to one taking advantage of sustainable energy resources are massive
and require considerable scientific research as well as the
development of advanced engineering systems. Such progress demands
close collaboration between different disciplines in order to
arrive at optimum solutions. Also discussed is the energy use of
industrial processes, including the embedded energy contents of
materials, such as those in the built environment. Energy
production, operation, distribution and usage, result in
environmental risks that need to be better understood. They are
part of energy economics and relate to human environmental health
as well as ecosystems behaviour. An emphasis is placed on the ways
in which more efficient use can be made of conventional as well as
new energy sources. This relates to savings in energy consumption,
reduction of energy losses, as well as the implementation of smart
devices and the design of intelligent distribution networks.
Energy and power are fundamental concepts in electromagnetism and
circuit theory, as well as in optics, signal processing, power
engineering, electrical machines, and power electronics. However,
in crossing the disciplinary borders, we encounter understanding
difficulties due to (1) the many possible mathematical
representations of the same physical objects, and (2) the many
possible physical interpretations of the same mathematical
entities. The monograph proposes a quantum and a relativistic
approach to electromagnetic power theory that is based on recent
advances in physics and mathematics. The book takes a fresh look at
old debates related to the significance of the Poynting theorem and
the interpretation of reactive power. Reformulated in the
mathematical language of geometric algebra, the new expression of
electromagnetic power reflects the laws of conservation of
energy-momentum in fields and circuits. The monograph offers a
mathematically consistent and a physically coherent interpretation
of the power concept and of the mechanism of power transmission at
the subatomic (mesoscopic) level. The monograph proves
(paraphrasing Heaviside) that there is no finality in the
development of a vibrant discipline: power theory.
In solar cell production, metallization is the manufacturing of
metal contacts at the surfaces of solar cells in order to collect
the photo-generated current for use. Being one of the most
expensive steps in solar cell fabrication, it plays both an
electrical and an optical role, because the contacts contribute to
shading, and to the series resistance of solar cells. In addition,
metal contacts may reduce the solar cells voltage due to charge
carrier recombination at the metal / silicon interface. Addressing
these challenges could increase solar cell conversion efficiency
while cutting their production costs. This work presents state of
the art methods for the metallization of crystalline Si solar cells
for industrial production as well as for research and development.
Different metallization technologies are compared, and ongoing
R&D activities for the most relevant silicon solar cell
metallization technologies are described in detail. Chapters cover
fundamentals of metallization and metallization approaches,
evaporated, plated and screen-printed contacts, alternative
printing technologies, metallization of specific solar cell types,
module interconnection technologies, and also address module
technology. Written by a selection of world-renowned experts, the
book provides researchers in academia and industry, solar cell
manufacturing experts and advanced students with a thorough and
systematic guide to advanced metallization of solar cells.
Wind energy is often framed as a factor in rural economic
development, an element of the emerging "green economy" destined to
upset the dominant greenhouse- gas-emitting energy industry and
deliver conscious capitalism to host communities. The bulk of wind
energy firms, however, are subsidiaries of the same fossil fuel
companies that wrought havoc in shale-gas and coal-mining towns
from rural Appalachia to the Great Plains. On its own, wind energy
development does not automatically translate into community
development. In Governing the Wind Energy Commons, Keith Taylor
asks whether revenue generated by wind power can be put to
community well-being rather than corporate profit. He looks to the
promising example of rural electric cooperatives, owned and
governed by the 42 million Americans they serve, which generate $40
billion in annual revenue. Through case studies of a North Dakota
wind energy cooperative and an investor-owned wind farm in
Illinois, Taylor examines how regulatory and social forces are
shaping this emerging energy sector. He draws on interviews with
local residents to assess strategies for tipping the balance of
power away from absentee-owned utilities.
Deploying lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries depends on cost-effective
electrode materials with high energy and power density to
facilitate lower weight and volume. Si-based anode materials
theoretically offer superior lithium storage capacity. Replacing a
graphite anode with high-capacity materials such as silicon will
further improve the energy density. Durable, low-cost, and
high-energy-density materials are vital to developing plug-in
electric vehicles as affordable and convenient as gasoline-powered
ones, while reducing carbon emissions. This reference presents the
knowledge gained over recent decades in the materials science and
chemistry of silicon and its derivates as anode materials for
Li-ion batteries, and provides insights into developing Si-based
anode materials for next-generation batteries. Coverage includes
the structure and chemistry of silicon, electrolytes and chemistry
of Si anodes, nanostructure and binder additives for Si anodes,
surface modification and mechanical properties. Researchers in
academia and industry will find this detailed reference a highly
useful resource.
Nuclear energy is contributing to the long-term solution to stave
off climate change. However, current nuclear fission technology
accesses only about 1-3% of the nuclear energy content of natural
uranium, which is inefficient, and also creates a radioactive waste
disposal problem. Combining nuclear fission technology with
emerging nuclear fusion technology to create a fusion-fission
hybrid would yield extra fusion neutrons to 1) convert much more of
the uranium into fissionable material, which would increase
efficient utilization of the nuclear fuel resource, and 2)
significantly reduce (by fission) the most long-lived radioactive
nuclear waste. This book describes fusion-fission hybrid physics
and technology. The first parts briefly review nuclear fission
principles and describe design and safety of nuclear fission
reactors; then the fundamentals of nuclear fusion and fusion
reactor concepts are described, together with ongoing and future
challenges and anticipated developments in this not-yet matured
technology. Chapters cover the scientific basis of nuclear fission
and the fission fuel cycle, advanced fission reactors, safety
aspects, the scientific and technological basis of nuclear fusion
power, future improvements expected, and then the fusion-fission
hybrid (FFH) breeder and burner reactor concept principles, with
illustrative FFH design concepts, safety analyses, and examples of
the use of fusion neutrons for helping to achieve burning and
breeding fission fuel cycles. This concise work is essential
reading for researchers and policy makers in nuclear energy
research and engineering, including advanced students.
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