Gastroenteritis is marked by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract involving both the stomach and small intestine, and resulting in diarrhoea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps. Globally, it is estimated that 3-5 billion cases of gastroenteritis occur yearly primarily affecting children and those in the developing world. In this book, the authors present research in the study of the epidemiology, management and prevention of gastroenteritis. Topics discussed include benign infantile convulsions associated with mild gastroenteritis; the etiologic agents of viral gastroenteritis; traveller's diarrhoea; and eosinophilic and E. coli gastroenteritis.

The incidence of gastric carcinoma is declining, but this form of cancer is still the fourth most common cause of malignancy world-wide and the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths. This book is structured in eleven chapters, written by acknowledged experts in the field of gastric cancer and includes the most interesting topics including surgical anatomy, clinical staging, analysis of prognostic factors in early and advanced stages, sentinel node biopsy results, surgical standard, laparoscopic and robotic techniques of gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy, perioperative and postoperative complications, neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies and preoperative, perioperative and postoperative nutrition. This book is proposed to be useful both for surgeons in training and experienced surgeons for its completeness and actuality of the treated topics.

In this book, the authors present topical research in the study of the causes, treatment and prevention of liver disease and peritonitis. Topics discussed include abnormal circulating adiponectin levels which are closely associated with the development of chronic liver disease; systemic immuno-inflammatory response to severe peritonitis; the pathogenesis and therapy of peritonitis in cirrhosis; ethnic disparities in liver diseases and alteration of adhesion molecules expression and cellular polarity in liver disease. (Imprint: Nova Biomedical)

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is common and affects 5 to 20% of individuals world-wide. Physicians with various specialties and at different settings are bound to meet these patients. This book is written by clinicians with long experience with IBS patients at different settings that have performed active research on IBS from different angles. Topics discussed include the prevalence and incidence of IBS world-wide, symptoms and consequences for patients and the society; IBS symptom based diagnosis; pathogenesis and the different possible etiological factors; a new hypothesis for the pathogenesis of IBS; post-infectious and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) associated IBS and treatment options, both non-pharmacological and pharmacological. This book does not only contain up to date data, but also included are the authors' points of view and their argument in several debated issues in IBS.

This book presents current research in the study of oesophageal cancer. Topics discussed include epidemiology and risk factors; helicobacter pylori infection and oesophageal cancer; celiac disease and the risk of oesophageal cancer; radiation therapy of oesophageal tumours; endoscopic ultrasound in oesophageal carcinoma; minimally invasive esophagectomy versus open techniques; esophagectomy for advanced stage esophageal cancer and surgical treatment of cervical oesophageal cancer.

Acute appendicitis is present in one in 500 to 2000 pregnancies (which amounts to 25% of operative indications for the acute abdomen in pregnancy). Pain in the right lower quadrant is the most reliable symptom and after the third month of pregnancy, the pain moves progressively upwards and laterally. Abdominal tenderness is almost always present and rebound tenderness in 55% to 75% patients. Abdominal ultrasound is the diagnostic procedure of choice with less accuracy in the third trimester with no guidelines about the use of transvaginal ultrasound. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the diagnostic modality of choice in patients for whom the risks of radiation or the potential nephrotoxicity of iodinated contrast agents is a major concern. This book examines the occurrence, symptoms and severity of acute appendicitis in pregnancy.

This book focuses on early diagnosis of the morphological changes in gastric mucosa, which are believed to be precursors for gastric cancer development. The use of modern imaging techniques in order to reveal and treat early cases of gastric cancer is also discussed. In addition, this book reviews modern data on gastric cancer prevention by means of screening gastric precancerous conditions and changes, as well as estimating the risk of gastric cancer development in individual patients with subsequent proper management for reducing the possibility of neoplastic progression.

This book aims to examine all immunohistochemical and molecular pathological biomarkers that can be useful and effective in patient diagnosis, prognosis and treatment decision, especially when faced with a carcinoma of unknown primary. For this purpose, epithelial malignancies of all systems and related biomarkers are examined one by one, and to look at the subject through the metastatic regions window, biomarkers that can be used to determine the primary focus for carcinomas seen in the areas most frequently metastasized are emphasized. With this bi-directional perspective, the reader is able to find biomarkers of any type of carcinoma on a system basis, as well as access to which biomarkers can be used when faced with a metastatic carcinoma. The importance of biomarkers in patient follow-up and treatment is also conveyed through the clinician's eye, and so biomarkers are handled with a holistic approach in all aspects. This book primarily targets pathologists, as well as clinicians (oncologists and surgeons) who manage cancer patients.

Many gastroenterologists are presented with patients complaining of one or more of several anorectal symptoms. Patients expect that a gastroenterologist can treat their symptomatic hemorrhoids or anal fissures or diagnose accurately their rectal bleeding. Today the evaluation and treatment of these common ailments is not included within the core curriculum of most gastrointestinal fellowship training programs, and therefore has not been incorporated into a typical GI practice. Diagnosis and Management Guide for Anorectal Disease: A Clinical Reference looks to fill that void. Dr. Waqar Ahmed Qureshi states that most of these perianal and anorectal problems can be successfully treated non-surgically. Diagnosis and Management Guide for Anorectal Disease: A Clinical Reference reviews a number of diseases that gastroenterologists should be able to effectively manage in their office, which eliminates extra cost, inconvenience, and frustration for their patients. A few of the topics that can be found inside: Anatomy and Examination Anatomy and Physiology of the Pelvic Floor Benign Anorectal Conditions Hemorrhoids, Anal Fissures, and Anal Pruritus Benign Soft Tissue, Perianal, Perineal, and Complicated Conditions Pilonidal Disease, Aanorectal IBD Management, and Defecation Disorders Neoplasms Anal Carcinoma and screening high-risk groups The gastroenterologist occupies a unique position between conservative treatment offered by primary care physicians and the more invasive procedures offered by the surgeon. Diagnosis and Management Guide for Anorectal Disease: A Clinical Reference is designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of anorectal diseases that they can manage and, therefore, improve the care of their patients in one comprehensive volume.

This book provides a comprehensive state-of-the art overview on the main trends in the newest endoscopic, robotic, and minimal invasive surgical innovations. It also aims to give insight on some of the innovative ideas around Gastro-intestinal Surgery and Endoscopy to stimulate further activities. It contains established knowledge in the field of endoscopic and surgical techniques, and the integration of these new findings in updated therapeutic decision making are demonstrated. The text reviews the latest literature on the subjects and describes the decision making to establish new therapeutic options in the management of diseases applying new technologies. These new techniques are described in detail, which provide excellent back-up information for clinicians in daily practice. Written by experts in the field, Innovative Endoscopic and Surgical Technology in the GI Tract is a valuable resource of knowledge for clinicians, surgeons, nurses, technicians, students and researchers with an interest in GI- disease.

Recent discoveries and clarifications of known information about the mesentery have now established that these complex structures function together as an individual organ within the human body. As such, conditions that affect the mesentery can now be grouped within a single area of study and clinical practice. The various aspects of mesenteric diseases have not been brought together in a single source and this book aims to bring them together for the first time. It will cover general areas such as anatomy, histology and physiology of the mesentery. A description of diagnostic procedures used to evaluate patients with mesenteric disorders will follow. A practical survey with detailed descriptions of medical, surgical, and neoplastic disorders of the mesentery is also be included. This book is intended to be a guide for clinical practitioners including gastroenterologists, general surgeons, colorectal surgeons, primary care physicians, nurse practitioners and physician assistants who manage patients with mesenteric disorders.

Gastrointestinal function represents an important, and hitherto inappropriately neglected, aspect of diabetes management. Disordered gastrointestinal motor and sensory function occurs frequently in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes and may be associated with gastrointestinal symptoms that adversely affect quality of life. During the last two decades there has been a rapid expansion in knowledge in this area. It is now recognised that upper gastrointestinal motility is pivotal to the regulation of postprandial blood glucose concentrations in both health and patients with diabetes. This book is the first of its kind and was stimulated by the need to consolidate these recent advances, which dictate that a knowledge of gastroenterology as it relates to diabetes is now required of the clinician/diabetologist.

• Features an organ-specific overview of the epidemiology and pathophysiology of disordered gastrointestinal (including hepatobiliary and pancreatic) function in diabetes mellitus

• Contains guidelines for the clinician, diabetologist and gastroenterologist for both diagnosis and management.

• Includes a comprehensive description of the relation between gastrointestinal function, gastrointestinal hormones, autonomic nerve function and glycaemic control in animal models.

• Covers the development of new treatment options, particularly those targeted at the reduction of postprandial hyperglycaemia, to optimise glycaemic control.

Target audience: gastroenterologists, diabetologists, specialist nurses and clinical researchers.

This book provides a concise, state-of-the-art overview of occult GI bleeding. The text reviews the epidemiology, screening and detection methods for localization, and prominent treatment strategies for occult GI bleeding. It also features a dedicated section on special patient populations including children, premenopausal women, older adults, and patients with other predisposing, and complicating medical conditions. This volume is supplemented with numerous color illustrations, photographs, and table, and is one of the few dedicated resources on occult GI bleeding. Written by experts in the field, Management of Occult GI Bleeding: A Clinical Guide is a valuable resource for clinicians, practitioners, and students who are involved in the treatment of patients with occult GI bleeding.

This Atlas comprehensively covers minimally invasive operative techniques for benign and malignant cancer surgery of the esophagus and stomach. It provides easy-to-follow instructions accompanied by a range of pictures and illustrations, as well as a collection of interactive videos to aid the reader in developing a deeper understanding of each surgical procedure. Techniques covered include minimally invasive surgical treatment for esophageal and gastric cancer including different approaches such as thoracoscopic, transhiatal, laparoscopic, and robot-assisted resections. These chapters include different types of cervical and intrathoracic anastomoses after esophageal resections, and different anastomoses and reconstructions after gastrectomy. Moreover, the Atlas includes an extensive description of minimally invasive procedures in bariatric surgery including sleeve resection, gastric bypass, biliopancreatic diversion, and others. Minimally invasive approaches for other benign pathologies such as benign tumors and treatment of gastroduodenal ulcer complications are also depicted. All chapters, written by a renowned and experienced international group of surgeons and their teams, are focused on practical step-by-step description of the techniques. Atlas of Minimally Invasive Techniques in Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery systematically describes the most frequently performed surgical procedures of the esophagus and stomach and is a valuable resource for all practicing surgeons and trainee general surgeons dedicated to upper gastrointestinal surgery, such as bariatric and surgical oncologists.

This volume provides current protocols that can be used in various experimental settings involving bifidobacteria. Chapters guide readers through experimental protocols on procedures to isolate and cultivate bifidobacteria, taxonomic identification of bifidobacterial isolates, sequencing and annotate genomes, physiologically characterize bifidobacteria, and methods on the genetic manipulation of bifidobacterial strains. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Bifidobacteria: Methods and Protocols aims to be a useful practical guide to researches to help further their study in this field.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the diagnosis and management of diseases of the biliary tree. Topics covered include: congenital biliary abnormalities, genetic cholangiopathies, autoimmune cholangiopathies, inflammatory and drug-related cholangiopathies, and cholangiocarcinoma. Given their particular importance (even for clinicians working with adults), pediatric conditions are also examined. In addition, a special section is devoted to pregnancy and diseases of the biliary tree, and to transplants and diseases of the biliary tree. Each chapter offers up-to-date information on the management of the diseases discussed. Moreover, the book addresses new treatments for autoimmune cholestatic liver diseases, reflecting the new therapeutic targets that have recently been discovered. Examples include farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-agonists, together with new drugs that affect the composition of bile flow. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable guide for a broad range of practitioners.

This book discusses the community of microbial species (the microbiota, microbiome), which inhabits the large bowel of humans. Written from the perspective of an academic who has been familiar with the topic for 40 years, it provides a long-term perspective of knowledge about this high profile and fast-moving topic. Building on general ecological principles, the book aims to help the reader to understand how the microbiota is formed, how it works, and what the consequences are to humans. Understanding the Gut Microbiota focuses on conceptual progress made from studies of the human bowel microbiota. Where appropriate, it draws on knowledge obtained from other animal species to provide conceptual enlightenment, but this is essentially a book about humans and their bowel microbes. Particular research approaches are recommended to fill knowledge gaps so that fundamental ecological theory and information about the microbiota can be translated into benefits for human health. The relationship between food for humans and resulting food for bowel bacteria emerges as an important topic for consideration. This concise scholarly treatise of the microbiota of the human bowel will be of great interest and use as a text and reference work for professionals, teachers and students across a wide range of disciplines, including the health sciences, general biology, and food science and technology. The provision of handy explanation of terms means that those with a general interest in science can also read the book with enjoyment.

This extensive and yet easy-to-read book covers technical aspects of the management of difficult acute cholecystitis. It discusses diagnostic evaluation, treatment, and strategies for avoiding and managing complications based on both evidence-based data and the experiences of the editor and the international contributors. Further, it analyses the latest guidelines to find the best clinical applications. Each chapter describes the current diagnostic and management strategies, focusing on a possible risk stratification by scores proposed in literature. Lastly, the book describes the relevant technical considerations and tips and tricks, explaining them in full. Illustrated throughout and including line graphs depicting fundamental anatomic and technical principles, making it easy-to understand, it is a useful toolkit for all residents, fellows and general surgeons needing a guide to the treatment of difficult acute cholecystits.

If we feel run down and we want to support our immune system, most of us tend to pop some vitamins. But an incredible 70% of our immune system is in the gut, so gut health is crucial in our defence against illness. Is it possible to improve our gut health with simple changes to our lifestyle? Yes – with this essential recipe book from nutritionist and gut health expert, Kate Llewellyn-Waters. Kate explains in simple terms how our immune system and gut work, how we can help improve our immunity every day, what autoimmune conditions and allergies are, and which are the key non-food contributors to gut health and immunity, such as sunlight, sleep, mental health and exercise. The main part of the book offers 100 everyday recipes, all using accessible, supermarket ingredients and offering helpful switches or additions to suit you and your family's needs, as well as practical meal plans to make life even easier.

The discovery of new and previously unknown organisms that cause foodborne illness makes it essential for scientists, regulators, and those in the food industry to reconsider their traditional approaches to food preservation. A single source reference that can provide the latest practical information on how to deal with the range of probiotic health issues that have recently arisen would be invaluable to have. Probiotics in Food Safety and Human Health is that resource. It presents an in-depth characterization and diagnosis of probiotic strains and their mechanisms of action in humans, explains the role food applications have in the development of new products that guard against gastrointestinal diseases, and addresses the current regulatory environment. The material in each chapter is written in an accessible format by internationally renowned experts and includes citations from scientific literature. Highlights include a thorough discussion of probiotic issues such as pre- and postharvest food safety applications of probiotics, genetic engineering, and probiotic identification. The book also presents information on new regulations and emerging trends in the two major probiotics markets in the world, Europe and Japan. Unique in its depth and breadth of scope, Probiotics in Food Safety and Human Health provides vital information to those who need to be knowledgeable of the functional properties of foods aimed at improving human health.

This book provides a thorough overview of the radiologic and pathologic findings of neoplastic diseases of the biliary tract, a sound knowledge of which is essential for appropriate patient management. A key feature is the correlation of imaging findings with both gross pathologic and histopathologic findings for each disease. This is of the utmost importance in understanding true pathologic abnormalities, bearing in mind, for example, the difficulty in ascertaining disease spread and extent on the basis of pathology alone. Since the first edition of the book, conceptual understanding of neoplastic disease of the bile ducts and cholangiocarcinogenesis has evolved significantly, and in the new edition the classification of diseases is based on the most recent edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of the Digestive System. In addition, some newly recognized pathologies are covered. The book will enhance understanding of the pathology of neoplastic diseases of the biliary tract and aid imaging interpretation. It will be a great asset for pathologists, radiologists, biliary surgeons, and gastroenterologists.

This book addresses practical issues that reflect the current landscape of GI pathology practice and is organized in such a way that fits the fast-pacing daily life of practicing pathologists. It contains more than 540 questions that address difficult, prevailing and controversial issues in GI pathology that are frequently encountered in daily practice and consult service. For most questions, answers are straightforward with ample literature support. However, true diagnostic controversies and clinical dilemma cannot be easily resolved with current knowledge and available information. To such challenges, an expert approach regarding how to synthesize complicated topics and clearly communicate the thinking process is valuable to readers and can help guide clinicians making optimal treatment plans for their patients. The latter types of answers are highly enriched throughout the book. Distinct from other existing GI pathology textbooks, this book is primarily organized according to disease entities and pathological processes instead of specific organs and anatomic locations. Guided by chapter titles and listed questions, readers should be able to look up a disease or a pathological feature and find the most important and relevant diagnostic criteria and pertinent differential diagnoses. Written by experts in the field, Practical Gastrointestinal Pathology provides easy and quick access to concise, evidence-based and up-to-date information to aid accurate diagnosis and serves as a useful resource for practicing pathologists, pathology trainees and GI clinicians as well as allied health professionals who frequently deal with GI pathology.

There are many diagnostic imaging techniques for the radiological exarmna- tion of the abdomen. Noninvasive methods include supine and upright views of the abdomen (sometimes fluoroscopy and decubitus films); posteroanterior (PA) views of the chest; contrast studies of the alimentary tract; ultrasonogra- phy (US), scintigraphy, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Biopsy under fluoroscopic control and angiography are inva- sive techniques. Most of the errors described in this book are related to faulty interpretation; others are due to improper technique. For example, a patient with acute abdominal pain secondary to a perforated hollow viscus may be studied only by supine and upright views of the abdomen that do not include the subdi- aphragmatic regions. A complementary PA view of the chest or a left lateral decubitus film would, however, detect free air in the pentoneal cavity that the incomplete two-film study might have missed. Errors of techmque are due to under- or overexposure, long exammation times or an uncooperative patient (both of which can induce motion artIfacts), improper processing, and failure to perform the proper standard noninvasive or mvaSlVe modalitIes for examining the hollow viscus and the solid organs of the alimentary tract. In order to visualize the diaphragm and the supra- and mfradiaphragmatIc spaces, frontal and lateral chest roentgenograms complement the standard views of the abdomen. Fluoroscopy IS of great value m assessing diaphrag- matic motion as well as being essential when contrast media are utilized.

This is the first comprehensive book exclusively dedicated to anorectal physiology and the importance of diagnostic tools in guiding the evaluation and treatment of anorectal dysfunction. Functional disorders, and specifically fecal incontinence and evacuatory disorders, are prevalent in the general population, affecting up to 20% of individuals. As many of these conditions have extremely complex mechanisms, a thorough understanding of anorectal physiology is a crucial element in the surgeon's "arsenal" to ensure accurate evaluation and to inform treatment. At this time, there is no other title that specifically addresses all aspects of anorectal physiology, as well as anorectal and pelvic floor disorders, including fecal incontinence and defecation disorders. Specifically, the book provides detailed descriptions of diagnostic methods and treatment algorithms for a range of anorectal conditions, including modern treatment modalities such as sacral neuromodulation. A unique and comprehensive reference covering all aspects of the evaluation and treatment of anorectal disorders, Anorectal Physiology - A Clinical and Surgical Perspective will be of significant interest to proctologists and coloproctologists, gastroenterologists, colorectal surgeons, gynecologists and all other professionals interested in anorectal physiology.