Probiotics, a word of Greek origin composed of "pro" (promoting) and "biotic "(life), have been defined by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) as "live microorganisms, which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host". Over 500 different types of bacteria reside in the human digestive system. In recent years, the study of intestinal microbiota and therefore the use of probiotics have been extensively studied in promoting health, as well as in treating several diseases and not solely regarding the gastrointestinal system. This book summarises the more recent knowledge about intestinal microbiota, its pathological correlations and the use of probiotics in children for the maintenance, recovery, and strengthening of healthy strains at the expense of bad ones.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common disorder affecting approximately more than 10% of the population. GERD is highly heterogeneous in terms of varied manifestations, test findings and treatment responsiveness. The invasive treatment options for GERD have now greatly expanded from just the Nissen Fundoplication to various other options such as other minimally invasive options like the Lower Esophageal augmentation with a magnetic device, and multiple endoscopic options like Radiofrequency ablation, Trans-oral incisionless fundoplication (TIF) etc. Treatment options require an understanding of the patho-physiology of GERD, which is discussed in chapter one of this book. Chapter two studies the clinical practices for extra-esophageal reflux and explores the outcomes. Chapter three reviews extraesophageal reflux and sleep microarchitecture disturbance and excessive daytime sleepiness. Chapter four discusses osteopathic manipulative therapy. The final chapter provides updated research on the surgical treatment options for GERD and their long-term outcomes.

Die neu uberarbeitete und erweiterte Rontgenfibel dient dem angehenden Radiologen als Einfuhrung und Hilfestellung in den verschiedenen Disziplinen seines Fachgebiets. Sie informiert schnell und umfassend uber alles, was fur die radiologische Untersuchung wichtig ist: von der Indikation uber Instrumentarium/Apparaturen und deren praktische Anwendung bis hin zur Medikation. Die konventionellen radiologischen Verfahren werden ebenso dargestellt wie Computertomographie, Dopplersonographie, spezifische Techniken in der Neuro-und der Kinderradiologie sowie die Grundprinzipien der minimal-invasiven therapeutischen Verfahren. Dabei halten sich die einzelnen Kapitel eng an den chronologischen Ablauf der jeweiligen Untersuchung; vorangestellt sind ihnen Entscheidungshifen zur Prufung der Indikation (Rontgenverordung ) und die notigen vorbereitenden Massnahmen."

The human digestive system plays an important role in processing food in order to provide nutrients that the body can use. This well-illustrated text presents the basics of anatomy, physiology and disease of the human digestive system by answering a series of questions relevant to the various components of this system. For example, in studying the stomach, the following questions are examined: 1) Where is the stomach located? 2) What does the stomach look like? 3) What does the stomach do? 4) Where do gastric juices come from? 5) What causes ulcers? 6) What causes a stomach ache? and 7) What causes burping? Additionally, most chapters are filled with unusual trivia related to the part of the body being discussed. For example, there was a 42-year-old woman who complained of mild abdominal pain and had 2533 objects removed from her stomach, including 947 pins. The text provides a fun and interesting way to learn more about the digestive system. The text is ideal, whether you are looking for an entertaining and informative read on the workings of the human digestive tract or looking for a text or resource for biology or health classes.

"Manual of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques for Disorders of Deglutition" is the first in class comprehensive multidisciplinary text to encompass the entire field of deglutition. The book is designed to serve as a treasured reference of diagnostics and therapeutics for swallowing clinicians from such diverse backgrounds as gastroenterology, speech language pathology, otolaryngology, rehabilitation medicine, radiology and others.

"Manual of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques for Disorders of Deglutition" brings together up-to-date information on state-of-the art diagnostic and therapeutic modalities form disciplines of gastroenterology, speech language pathology, otolaryngology and radiology through contributions of 28 innovators, and master clinicians for the benefit of patients and providers alike. It concisely organizes the wealth of knowledge that exists in each of the contributing disciplines into one comprehensive information platform. "Manual of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques for Disorders of Deglutition" provides a one-stop destination for members of all specialties to obtain state-of-the-knowledge information on advanced diagnostic modalities and management. It is an essential reference for all deglutologists."

Uncommon gastrointestinal diseases are a worrisome and challenging problem for gastroenterologists and GI Pathologists. In this book, the authors present research in the study of the epidemiology, management and prevention of uncommon gastrointestinal diseases (eg: isolated gastroduodenal Crohn's disease, primary lymphangiectasis of intestine, microscopic colitis, eosinophilic gastroenteritis, solitary rectal ulcer syndrome and primary splenic epithelial cysts). This book is definitely useful for gastroenterologists and GI pathologists for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of these uncommon conditions.

Severe trauma represents one of the biggest issues threatening modern healthcare systems across the globe. Traumatic injury is the leading cause of lost life years worldwide, responsible for an excess of 5 million deaths every year. The role of laparoscopy in trauma has not paralleled its popularity in other areas of general surgery for several reasons including the emergent nature of many of the operations, the lack of expertise and comfort level of some surgeons and the fear of missed injuries. In this book, the possible indications and pitfalls of integrating minimally invasive surgical techniques into the management of abdominal injuries are examined. Furthermore, post-traumatic haemorrhage is likely to represent the principle cause of preventable deaths amongst patients sustaining major traumatic injuries. Management of these patients and techniques (both old and emerging) are discussed, which may be able to more accurately identify early coagulopathy and enable goal-directed, targeted therapy. The third chapter of the book describes currently accepted classifications of pelvic trauma to examine the link between mechanism of injury and factors predictive of mortality. Recent advances made in services, protocols, imaging, instrumentation and management of pelvic trauma are examined, specifically looked at to determine whether any of it has served to improve the historically poor prognosis. Lastly, pancreatic injury in childhood is rare, constituting 0.3% to 0.7% of all trauma admissions at large paediatric trauma centres. Nonetheless, they do occur. The authors explore pancreatic duct ruptures in children, the subsequent diagnosis and treatment options, which usually require surgery or other interventional therapy and carry a significant risk of morbidity.

Intussusception is the most frequent cause of bowel obstruction in infants and toddlers. In this book, the symptoms and clinical findings of intussuception are discussed. The clinical guidelines for the management of intussuceptions in children are discussed as well. Other chapters examine the diagnosis, etiology, pathophysiology and treatment modalities for both small bowel obstruction and intussusception of the small bowel, focusing on minimally invasive surgical options; the etiology of afferent loop obstruction; the treatment options for adhesive small bowel obstruction (SBO), a common complication typically caused by adhesions that form after abdominal surgery; a literature review of traditional medical treatment options and a discussion on the authors' experiences in treating gynaecological cancer patients with non-malignant bowel obstruction using manual physical therapy.

Colorectal Cancer Screening provides a complete overview of colorectal cancer screening, from epidemiology and molecular abnormalities, to the latest screening techniques such as stool DNA and FIT, Computerized Tomography (CT) Colonography, High Definition Colonoscopes and Narrow Band Imaging. As the text is devoted entirely to CRC screening, it features many facts, principles, guidelines and figures related to screening in an easy access format. This volume provides a complete guide to colorectal cancer screening which will be informative to the subspecialist as well as the primary care practitioner. It represents the only text that provides this up to date information about a subject that is continually changing. For the primary practitioner, information on the guidelines for screening as well as increasing patient participation is presentedd. For the subspecialist, information regarding the latest imaging techniques as well as flat adenomas and chromoendoscopy are covered. The section on the molecular changes in CRC will appeal to both groups. The text includes up to date information about colorectal screening that encompasses the entire spectrum of the topic and features photographs of polyps as well as diagrams of the morphology of polyps as well as photographs of CT colonography images. Algorithms are presented for all the suggested guidelines. Chapters are devoted to patient participation in screening and risk factors as well as new imaging technology. This useful volume explains the rationale behind screening for CRC. In addition, it covers the different screening options as well as the performance characteristics, when available in the literature, for each test. This volume will be used by the sub specialists who perform screening tests as well as primary care practitioners who refer patients to be screened for colorectal cancer.

Book & CD-ROM. Drowsy driving is a significant contributor to death and injury crashes on our Nation's highways, accounting for more than 80,000 crashes and 850 fatalities per year. The successful detection of drowsiness is a crucial step in implementing mitigation strategies to reduce the cost to society of drowsy driving. Despite persistent efforts at the local, state, and federal levels, alcohol-impaired driving crashes also contribute to approximately 31% of all traffic fatalities. Although regulatory and educational approaches have helped reduce alcohol-related fatalities, other approaches merit investigation. This book discusses the feasibility of vehicle-based sensors to detect both drowsy driving and alcohol-impaired driving.

Variceal Hemorrhage provides an update of the evidence concerning several aspects of variceal hemorrhage. The book features new information on natural history, diagnosis of esophageal varices, assessment of the risk of bleeding and identification of high risk groups and patients who may benefit or be harmed from different treatments. The volume also presents a critical analysis of the different steps in the management of acute variceal bleeding. Authored by the most prominent world experts in their areas of expertise, Variceal Hemorrhage serves as a very useful reference for gastroenterologists, GI surgeons, residents in internal medicine and physicians dealing with and interested in the different aspects of this severe medical emergency.

There are not many books published about esophageal cancer. Esophageal cancer is an entity that must be treated from a multimodal approach. Recent advances in diagnosis, anesthetic aspects and perioperative care, among others, are summarized in this book. This book is written in a simple way and intends to cover the main aspects of this type of cancer. It incorporates the latest evidence about the diagnosis, management and treatment of esophageal cancer from a multimodal point of view. Epidemiologists, gastroenterologists, oncologists and surgeons have all participated in the elaboration of this book. It is divided into ten chapters, describing all esophageal cancer topics and each chapter has been written by recognized experts in this field. Complex content and results have been made reader-friendly and easily understandable. This book is especially useful for residents and fellows because it highlights the important principles for managing these patients. The chapter about surgery is written by a surgeon who is currently considered the best in esophageal cancer, Prof. Simon Law. Also, the oncological content has been written highlighting the latest practical and clinical evidence. The reader can use this book as a practical guideline when addressing patients with esophageal cancer.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is common and affects 5 to 20% of individuals worldwide. Physicians with various specialties and at different settings are bound to meet these patients. This book is written by clinicians with long experience with IBS patients at different settings that have performed active research on IBS from different angles. Topics discussed include the prevalence and incidence of IBS worldwide, symptoms and consequences for patients and the society; IBS symptom based diagnosis; pathogenesis and the different possible aetiological factors; a new hypothesis for the pathogenesis of IBS; post-infectious and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) associated IBS and treatment options, both non-pharmacological and pharmacological. This book does not only contain up to date data, but also included are the authors' points of view and their argument in several debated issues in IBS.

Appendicitis remains one of the most common surgical emergencies, with approximately 200,000 annual cases in the United States and a lifetime risk of 8%. The treatment of appendicitis has evolved significantly, from the first reported appendectomy in 1736 at St. George's Hospital in London. This book discusses several topics on appendicitis including the surgical management of appendicitis; pediatric advanced appendicitis; acute appendicitis; treatment strategies; risk factors and clinical implications.

Acing the GI Board Exam: The Ultimate Crunch-Time Resource has been updated into a Second Edition. The Second Edition contains new vignettes, a discussion on Maintenance of Certification Exam (MOC), and discussion on test relevancy for residency rotations! In today's fast-paced world, gastroenterology and hepatology residents and fellows struggle to find the time to study for the board exams, prepare for the recertification exam, prepare for teaching rounds, or just plain read. What is the best way to effectively prepare and study, if reading multiple resources can't seem to fit into your daily schedule? The answer to your study questions (and study time!) can be found inside the newly updated Second Edition of Acing the GI Board Exam: The Ultimate Crunch-Time Resource! Why You Will Need to Read Acing the GI Board Exam, Second Edition: New! 41 new and carefully vetted board-style vignettes with color images New! Brief discussion on the Maintenance of Certification Exam (MOC) New! Discussion on test relevancy for residency rotations Comprehensive yet succinct answers using a high-yield format Emphasis on key clinical pearls and "board buzzwords" Answers to classic board "threshold values" questions that you need to know but always seem to forget Rapid-fire, crunch-time exam with 195 classic one-liners Dr. Brennan M. R. Spiegel has collected every pearl of wisdom, high-yield factlet, ""Board buzzword,"" micrograph, and classic imaging study he could muster, all while keeping Acing the GI Board Exam: The Ultimate Crunch-Time Resource, Second Edition a manageable size. Acing the GI Board Exam, Second Edition fills the unmet need in board review by presenting time-tested and high-yield information in a rational, useful, and contextually appropriate format suitable studying for the board exams and preparing for the recertification exam. Chapters Include: A compilation of general lessons learned from past test-takers "Tough Stuff" board review vignettes Board review "Clinical Threshold Values" "Crunch-Time" Self-Test and Answer Guide-time to get your game on! With its focus on pearl after pearl, emphasis on images, and attention to high-yield "tough stuff" vignettes you don't know the answers to (yet), Acing the GI Board Exam, Second Edition is truly the ultimate crunch-time resource for acing the GI and Hepatology examination, taking recertifying examinations, looking good on clerkship rounds, or for just challenging yourself with interesting and entertaining vignettes.

Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of malignancy-related deaths world-wide with differences in incidence and treatment patterns geographically. There is extensive ongoing research for a better understanding of the cancer pathology and finding newer treatments. Advancements in basic science research are being translated for improving gastric cancer patient care. This book discusses an extensive array of different topics on gastric cancer in which strides of improvement have been achieved. The contributors of each specialised chapter of the book are leaders in their field and have been recognised for their work globally. This book aims to bring the readers up to date about all aspects of gastric cancer - from basic science research about animal models of gastric cancer, to pathophysiology, staging systems, different adjuvant therapies and surgical treatment options for gastric cancer. The newer treatment options of endoscopic mucosal resections and bursectomy are described in detail. The current statuses, debates and ongoing controversies in addition to the advancements on different aspects of gastric cancer research are discussed. The book is an invaluable resource of information on all aspects of gastric cancer with the latest advancements.

The role of genetics is becoming increasingly important in all aspects of healthcare and particularly in the field of cancer care. Genetics for Health Professionals in Cancer Care: From Principles to Practice equips health professionals with the knowledge and skills required for all aspects of managing cancer family history. This includes taking an accurate cancer family history and drawing a family tree; understanding cancer biology, basic cancer genetics and the genes involved in hereditary breast, ovarian, prostate, colorectal, gastric and related gynaecological cancers and rare cancer predisposing syndromes; assessing cancer risk and communicating risk information; early detection and risk reducing measures available for those at increased risk and managing individuals with hereditary cancer. Drawing on experiences of health professionals, Genetics for Health Professionals in Cancer Care discusses the challenges raised and provides practical advice and insight into what happens when a patient is referred for genetic counselling and genetic testing, including the psychological, social and ethical issues faced by individuals and families with and at risk of hereditary cancer. The book also provides practical guidance on setting up a cancer family history clinic in primary and secondary care. Genetics for Health Professionals in Cancer Care is essential reading for healthcare professionals working with cancer patients and their families, and is an ideal reference text for non-specialists working in cancer genetics.

In recent years mass media represented an important vehicle to develop the concept that everything we eat could have a positive or negative impact on our health; diet may modulate various physiological functions and may play destructive or beneficial roles in some diseases. On the other hand, numerous researchers support the concept that the maintenance of healthy gut microflora may provide protection against gastrointestinal disorders including infections and inflammatory bowel diseases. All of this information has increased the interest of consumers in their personal health and consequently toward healthy or organoleptic characteristic of foods. Consumers demand foods having a "medicinal value" and able to prevent illness and to modulate the intestinal microflora using live adjuncts micro-organisms called "probiotics". The selection of probiotics is based on some general microbiological criteria such us safety, health benefits, technological and digestive stress survival, intestinal cell adhesion and human origin. This book provides information on how this is done; discusses the efficacy of probiotics in preventing and treating microbial infections; the relation of probiotics and gastrointestinal diseases; enterococci; and the role of probiotics on immune mediated disorders.

Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is one of frequent emergencies that clinicians frequently manage in clinical practice. This book contains several chapters dedicated to the diagnosis and management of gastrointestinal bleeding. This book includes current updates on all areas of GI bleeding including upper GI, lower GI, and small bowel bleeding. It fully covers the different symptoms and signs of gastrointestinal bleeding that can occur in different conditions. The outline of the many dilemmas faced by clinicians in their approach to their patients like diagnostic predictors of clinical outcome, and risk stratification in lower GI bleeding and for upper GI bleeding. There is a dedicated chapter for the diagnosis and management of Dieulafoy lesions (DLs) which are uncommon, yet they are often an under-recognised cause of life-threatening GI bleeding occurring in both the adult and paediatric population. This book also gives a comprehensive overview of the various imaging modalities used for the diagnosis of GI bleeding with emphasis on the role of MDCT in the care of patients with GI haemorrhage. The initial management of significant GI bleeding with focuses on early identification, hemodynamic stabilisation, close monitoring in the proper setting, and timely workup and intervention is described. A dedicated chapter discusses the wide range of endoscopic therapies that are now available to treat GI bleeding, with emphasis on the new advances in endoscopic therapy. There is detailed discussion on the role of transcatheter arterial embolisation, which remains an important available treatment modality in the armamentarium for management of non-variceal GI bleeding.

Bariatric surgery has led to improved health outcomes including significant weight loss and reduction in co-morbidities among patients with obesity. Clinical practice guidelines recommend that patients considering bariatric surgery undergo a comprehensive nutritional assessment. Nutrition and Bariatric Surgery is the first comprehensive book that uniquely addresses the dietary and nutritional care of the bariatric surgery patient. This book reviews the nutritional and physiological changes imposed by surgical revision of the gastrointestinal tract. Also discussed are nutritional assessment of the bariatric surgical patient as well as pre- and postoperative dietary management recommendations. Other clinical topics covered include nutritional anemia, metabolic bone disease, neurological disorders, and protein-calorie malnutrition. Nutrition and Bariatric Surgery examines eating behaviors before and after bariatric surgery as well as psychological issues, mood disorders, and nutritional concerns associated with weight regain. The book also addresses nutritional needs of special populations undergoing bariatric surgery including adolescents, pregnant or lactating women, and severely obese ICU patients. The book is an authoritative guide for health care professionals caring for the bariatric patient including physicians, dietitians, physician assistants, nurses, and nurse practitioners.

Similar to the first edition, the goal of Mayo Clinic Gastrointestinal Imaging Review, 2nd Edition is to provide an atlas of common abnormalities that affect the gastrointestinal tract. This comprehensive review includes all imaging modalities used within GI radiology, as well as plain radiographs, fluoroscopy, ultrasound, CT, MR, angiography, and nuclear medicine. Focusing solely on adult conditions, the book is divided into 13 chapters covering a separate organ within the gastrointestinal system and a final exam chapter reviewing all chapter content. Each organ-focused chapter is subdivided into sections related to diseases or findings of that organ. Running headers allow the reader to rapidly identify the chapter and the section being viewed.
Large, high-quality images are presented in a format so that they can be reviewed as unknowns. A discussion of the cases is presented as if it were a consultation-- with a description of the findings, differential diagnosis, and final diagnosis. A brief discussion of the disease is included. Emphasis is placed on brevity of the text and a single-page layout for all but a few cases. Study guides at the end of each section are in the form of tables summarizing major radiographic findings into differential considerations with brief imaging clues to a specific diagnosis and case references within the book. The end of each chapter lists differential diagnoses for the chapter's specific organ. Full-color composite anatomical illustrations show the immediately obvious appearance of common conditions that correlate with major radiologic findings.

This book adheres to strict scientific principles and is designed to explore the whole aspect of gallstone disease from the micro world of genetic profiles, basic metabolisms of bile lipids in cholesterol gallstone patients, to the macro world of clinical triple defects of gallstone patients. It is especially suitable for medical professionals: internists, surgeons, residents, nurses and medical students, and for collection by libraries. This book contains updates of recent breakthroughs and developments in the genetic factors affecting cholesterol gallstone formation including genes for ABCB11, ABCG5/G8, GPBAR1, OSTalpha/OSTbeta, Megalin and Cubilin proteins. It also covers basic metabolisms of bile lipids in relation to stone formation, and some aspects of the epidemiology, classifications, chemical and crystallography of gallstones.

This book adheres to strict scientific principles and is designed to explore the whole aspect of gallstone disease from the micro world of the genetic profiles, basic metabolisms of bile lipids in cholesterol gallstone patients, to the macro world of clinical triple defects of gallstone patients. It is especially suitable for medical professionals: internists, surgeons, residents, nurses and medical students, and for collection by libraries. This book deals with motor dysfunction in calculous gallbladders as well as reactive oxygen species in relation to gallstone formation. Aetiology and pathogenesis of pigment, calcium carbonate and intra-hepatic gallstones are also discussed.