The northern Tuareg (the Tuareg of Algeria) - the nomadic, blue-veiled warlords of the Central Sahara - were finally defeated militarily by the French at the battle of Tit in 1902. Some sixty years later, following Algerian independence in 1962, they were visited by a young English anthropologist, Jeremy Keenan. During the course of seven years, Keenan studied their way of life, the social, political and economic changes that had taken place in their society since traditional, pre-colonial times, and their resistance and adaptation to the modernising forces of the new Algerian state. In 1999, following eight years during which Algeria's Tuareg were effectively isolated from the outside world as a result of Algeria's political crisis, Keenan returned to visit them once again. Following a further four years of study, he has written a series of eight essays that capture the key changes that have occurred amongst Algeria's Tuareg in the forty years since independence.

The northern Tuareg (the Tuareg of Algeria) - the nomadic, blue-veiled warlords of the Central Sahara - were finally defeated militarily by the French at the battle of Tit in 1902. Some sixty years later, following Algerian independence in 1962, they were visited by a young English anthropologist, Jeremy Keenan. During the course of seven years, Keenan studied their way of life, the social, political and economic changes that had taken place in their society since traditional, pre-colonial times, and their resistance and adaptation to the modernising forces of the new Algerian state. In 1999, following eight years during which Algeria's Tuareg were effectively isolated from the outside world as a result of Algeria's political crisis, Keenan returned to visit them once again. Following a further four years of study, he has written a series of eight essays that capture the key changes that have occurred amongst Algeria's Tuareg in the forty years since independence.

The authors are outstanding scholars engaged in the study of language varieties spoken in 'convergence areas' in which speakers are multilingual in languages of at least two but sometimes all three language families. Many of the contributions present new data collected in fieldwork. The geographic area covered is Western and Central Asia where varieties of Iranian, Semitic and Turkic languages have entered into many different types of contact. The intricate linguistic contact situations demonstrate highly interesting convergence phenomena.

The mid-twentieth century saw the end of colonial empires, a global phenomenon that brought about profound changes and created enormous problems. Decolonization played a major part in shaping the contemporary world order and the domestic development of newly emerging states in the 'Third World'. In Decolonization, Raymond Betts considers this process and its outcomes. Drawing on numerous examples, including those of Ghana, India, Rwanda and Hong Kong, the author examines: the effects of two World Wars on the colonial empire the expectations and problems created by independence Major demographic shifts accompanying the end of empire Cultural experiences, literary movements and the search for ideology of the dying empire and newly independent nations The second edition brings the discussion up to date and looks at contemporary concerns such as the growth of Islamic Fundamentalism, 9/11, globalization and the AIDS pandemic.

The Kimberley, the far north-west of Australia, is one of the most linguistically diverse regions of the continent. Some fifty-five Aboriginal languages belonging to five different families are spoken within its borders. Few of these languages are currently being passed on to children, most of whom speak Kriol (a new language that arose about half a century ago from an earlier Pidgin English) or Aboriginal English (a dialect of English) as their mother tongue and usual language of communication. This book describes the Aboriginal languages spoken today and in the recent past in this region. The main features are of their grammars are outlined, including their sounds and word and sentence structures. In addition, there is discussion of how they are related to one another, how they were and are used in conversational interactions, and their roles and uses in traditional and modern speech communities.

Diese Arbeit wurde mit dem Studienpreis für ausländische Studierende der Universität Siegen ausgezeichnet. Das Prager Tagblatt zählt im Hinblick auf das Nationalitätenproblem in Böhmen und Mähren zu denjenigen publizistischen Organen, welche das deutsch-tschechische Miteinander in der Periode zwischen den Weltkriegen gefördert haben. Themen dieser Untersuchung sind das publizistische Bild T. G. Masaryks im Prager Tagblatt betreffend seine Rolle gegenüber den tschechoslowakischen Deutschen und die publizistische Leistung Max Brods als Kulturredakteur im Prager Tagblatt im Hinblick auf seine Literatur-, Theater- und Musikkritiken.

Gerry Segal, a world expert on China, was a prolific writer. Before he died in 1999 the journal Foreign Affairs published his very provocative and significant article 'Does China Matter?'

Focusing on Segal's theme, this volume expands and takes forward his research by gathering together ten leading writers on China to reassess his argument. The book opens with a discussion of Dr Segal's contribution, and a reprint of the article. The authors then address the question of 'does China matter?' in the context of the world economy, Asian economy, as a global military power, as a regional military power, within world and Asian politics and within contemporary world and Asian culture.

They provide an extension and critique of Segal's work in the context of an authoritative up-to-date and forward-looking evaluation of China's prospects. The question 'does China matter?' remains central to world politics. This book sets out a detailed case for exactly how, why and to whom it matters.

This is a groundbreaking analysis of China's territorial disputes, exploring the successes and failures of negotiations that have taken place between its three neighbours, namely India, Japan and Russia. By using Roberts Putnam's two level game framework, Chung relates the outcome of these disputes to the actions of domestic nationalist groups who have exploited these territorial issues to further their own objectives. By using first-class empirical data and applying it to existing theoretical concepts, this book provides a detailed account of China's land and maritime border disputes that is both clear and accessible.

The Iranian left is of great historical significance and a trend of direct relevance to the current situation in Iran and to the evolution of the struggle between 'reformers' and 'conservatives'. Even though the left has never held power in Iran, its impact on the political, intellectual and cultural development of modern Iran has been profound. This book's authors undertake a fundamental reexamination and reappraisal of the phenomenon of leftist activism in Iran, interpreted in the broadest sense, throughout the period of its existence up to and including the present. "Reformers and Revolutionaries in Modern Iran" brings together contrasting views about the balance sheet of a century of leftism in Iran.

Series Information:
RoutledgeCurzon Studies on China in Transition

Muslims have always used verses from the Qur'an to support opinions on law, theology, or life in general, but almost no attention has been paid to how the Qur'an presents its own precepts as conclusions proceeding from reasoned arguments. Whether it is a question of God's powers of creation, the rationale for his acts, or how people are to think clearly about their lives and fates, Muslims have so internalized Qur'anic patterns of reasoning that many will assert that the Qur'an appeals first of all to the human powers of intellect. This book provides a new key to both the Qur'an and Islamic intellectual history. Examining Qur'anic argument by form and not content helps readers to discover the significance of passages often ignored by the scholar who compares texts and the believer who focuses upon commandments, as it allows scholars of Qur'anic exegesis, Islamic theology, philosophy, and law to tie their findings in yet another way to the text that Muslims consider the speech of God.

The Anglo-Japanese Alliance was the first formal agreement of its type reached by a Western 'great' power with a non-Caucasian nation in the modern era. As such, it represented an important milestone diplomatically, strategically and culturally. This book brings together many leading experts who examine the different aspects of the Alliance in its different stages before, during and after the First World War, who explore the reasons for its success and for its end, and who reach a number of interesting and innovative conclusions on the agreement's ultimate importance.

Contents:
Introduction
Part One: Jews and Muslims: Portraying Communities
1. Christian 'Intruders', Muslim 'Bigots': The Egyptian-Syrian Press Controversy in the Late Nineteenth-Century Cairo 1. Ami Ayalon
2. Zionism, Jews and Muslims in the Ottoman Empire as Reflected in the Weekly Hamevasser Aryeh Shmuelevitz
3. Mediating the 'Other' through Advertisements Arus Yumul
4. From Judeophobia to Islamophobia in the Italian Media, with a Special Focus on the Northern League Party Media Emanuela Trevisan-Semi
5. Minorities and Press in Post-Revolution Iran Ali Granmayer
6. Imag(in)ing Europe: The Theme of Emigration in North African Cinema Roy Armes
7. Representing the Muslim: The 'Courtesan Film' in Indian Popular Cinema Rachel Dwyer
8. Jewish Themes in the Press of Independent India Yulia Egorova
Part Two: Mass Media and the Conflict in the Middle East
9. In the Eyes of the Beholder: Israel, Jews and Zionism in the Iraqi Media Ofra Bengio
10. The Image of Jews and the State of Israel in Eastern Bloc Media Angelika Timm
11. The Portrayal of Palestinian Arabs in the Moscow Yiddish Monthly Sovetish Heymland Gennady Estraikh
12. Arab.Ru: The Virtual Other in the Israeli-Russian Web Mikhail and Anna Krutikov
13. Reading The Guardian: Jews, Israel-Palestine and the Origins of Irritation Colin Shindler
14. Facing and defacing the 'Other'. Israel Television's Live Representation of Arabs in Ceremonies and Disaster Marathons Tamar Liebes
15. Are They Still the Enemy? The Representation of Arabs in Israeli TV News Anat First
16. Approaches to Peacemaking in the Israeli Press Michael Keren
17. Argument, War and the Role of the Media in the Conflict Management Marcelo Dascal

During the twentieth century Japan was transformed from a poor, primarily rural country into one of the world's largest industrial powers and most highly urbanized countries. Interestingly, while Japanese governments and planners borrowed carefully from the planning ideas and methods of many other countries, Japanese urban planning, urban governance and cities developed very differently from those of other developed countries. Japan's distinctive patterns of urbanization are partly a product of the highly developed urban system, urban traditions and material culture of the pre-modern period, which remained influential until well after the Pacific War. A second key influence has been the dominance of central government in urban affairs, and its consistent prioritization of economic growth over the public welfare or urban quality of life. Andre Sorensen examines Japan's urban trajectory from the mid-nineteenth century to the present, paying particular attention to the weak development of Japanese civil society, local governments, and land development and planning regulations.
This is the first book to comprehensively examine the phenomenon of Japanese urbanization and planning, revealing both the many real successes of Japanese urban management, and many of its resounding failures. Japan's distinctiveness makes it an important case study of urbanisation and its management, and helps to put into perspective the major urban and regional planning issues faced by the other developed countries, as well as sounding a timely warning to the rapidly urbanizing countries of Asia.

This book examines key questions and challenges the widely prevalent view that the Palestinian Authority collapsed because of its internal governance failures, its lack of commitment to democracy, and corruption. It argues that the analytical framework of 'good governance' is not appropriate for assessing state performance in developing countries, and that it is especially inappropriate in conflict and post-conflict situations. Instead, an alternative framework is proposed for assessing state performance in a context of economic and social transformation. This is then applied in detail to different aspects of state formation in Palestine, showing that the institutional architecture set up by the Oslo agreements was responsible for many of the serious failures.

This edited volume presents significant new findings on new domains of employment for women in China's burgeoning market economy of the 1990s and twenty-first century. Experts in gender, politics, media studies and anthropology discuss the impact of economic reform and globalization on Chinese women in family businesses, in management, the professions, the prostitution industry and domestic service. Significant themes include changing marriage and consumer aspirations and the reinvention of domestic space. The volume offers fresh insights into changing definitions of 'women's work' in contemporary China and questions women's perceived 'disadvantage' in the market economy.

As the twenty-first century begins, significant changes are occurring in the way that services and goods are produced and consumed. One of the key drivers of this change is information and communications technology (ICT). It has transformed the role of space and time in patterns of economic development, in the rise of globalisation and in the scale and structure of organisations. ICT has therefore accelerated the process of continual change and evolution that is the hallmark of both the capitalist economy and of organisations.
A student-friendly account is given of the diversity of theoretical perspectives for understanding the evolving economic geography of advanced capitalist economies. A series of detailed firm and employees' case-studies from Europe, North America and the Asia Pacific, are used to inform the theoretical case-studies. These also highlight and examine the significance of the increased blurring of the distinction between services and manufacturing functions in the production and consumption process.

East Asia from 1400 to 1850 was a vibrant web of connections, and the southern coast of the Korean peninsula participated in a maritime world that stretched to Southeast Asia and beyond. Within this world were Japanese pirates, traders, and fishermen. They brought things to the Korean peninsula and they took things away. The economic and demographic structures of Kyongsang Province had deep and wide connections with these Japanese traders. Social and political clashes revolving around the Japan House in Pusan reveal Korean mentalities towards the Japanese connection. This study seeks to define 'Korea' by examining its frontier with Japan. The guiding problems are the relations between structures and agents and the self-definitions reached by pre-modern Koreans in their interaction with the Japanese. Case studies range from demography to taxation to trade to politics to prostitution. The study draws on a wide base of primary sources for Korea and Japan and introduces the problems that animate modern scholarship in both countries. It offers a model approach for Korea's northern frontier with China and shows that the peninsula was and is a complex brocade of differing regions. The book will be of interest to anyone concerned with pre-1900 East Asia, Korea in particular, and especially Korea's relations with the outside world. Anyone interested in early-modern Japan and its external relations will also find it essential reading.

Vietnam is currently undergoing a metamorphosis from a relatively closed society with a centrally planned economy, to a rapidly urbanising one with a global outlook. These changes have been the catalyst for an exciting ferment of activity in popular culture. This volume contains contributions from scholars engaged in the most up-to-date social research in Vietnam, as well as some of Vietnam's most popular cultural producers who are forging new ways of imagining the present whilst at the same time engaging actively in reinterpreting the past. The diverse ways that Vietnam is culturally and socially negotiating the future are examined as the book addresses issues of indigenisation of cultural influences, ambivalence surrounding change, and the consistent blurring of boundaries between informal, non-state cultural activities and formal institutional structures in the evolution of a civil society in Vietnam.

In this volume, a group of international scholars address issues relating to community wellbeing and the role of politics, law and economics in Europe and Japan in achieving human-centred symbiotic governance. Case-studies and suggestions for reform are presented in the arenas of economy, government administration, management, university governance, health, agriculture, the environment and urban planning.
This book will prove a useful tool to those in business research institutes, members of administrative research institutes, NGO's and non-profit organizaions while also providing students of business, Asian studies, politics and law with an insight into possible areas of reform.

Contents:
Introduction
1. The Start of Negotiations
Decision to negotiate
The Tet Offensive - Phase II
The start of the talks in Paris
The Tet Offensive - Phase III
Le Duc Tho-Harriman private meetings: the first five sessions
Hiccups and resumption of talks
The military situation in 1968 reviewed
The Four-Party Conference begins
The military situation in early 1969
Policy differences within the Hanoi leadership
NLF's ten-point plan and Nixon's eight-point plan
Establishment of the Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam (PRGSVN)
Stalemate in Paris
Hanoi and Sino-Soviet relations
Ho Chi Minh's death and its aftermath
Military developments in the South
Military developments in Laos
The Negotiations in 1969 reviewed
2. The Widening War
The 18th plenary session of the Lao Dong Party
Reorganising the VPA
Le Duc Tho-Kissinger first secret meeting (21 Feb 1970)
Le Duc Tho-Kissinger second secret meeting (16 Mar 1070)
Communist activities in Cambodia
The deposition of Sihanouk and its aftermath
Le Duc Tho-Kissinger third secret meeting (4 April 1970)
Indochinese Summit conference (24-25 Apr 1970)
Tensions between the Vietnamese and Cambodian communists
Military developments in Cambodia
Le Duan - 'first among equals'
Xuan Thuy-Kissinger secret meeting (7 Sept 1970)
Communist military preparations
Xuan Thuy-Kissinger secret meeting (27 Sept 1970)
3. Fighting and Negotiating
Kissinger's approach rebuffed
19th plenary session of the Lao Dong Party
COSVN Directive No 01/CT71
Communist Spring-Summer 1971 counter-offensives: Route 9 - southern Laos and Cambodia
Sino-Vietnamese communist relations
Communist counter-offensive: Tay Nguyen
Vietnamese-Cambodian communist relations
Xuan Thuy-Kissinger meeting (31 May 1971)
Le Duc Tho-Kissinger meeting (26 June 1971)
Hanoi's analysis of the situation in mid-1971
Kissinger's secret visit to Beijing
Vietnamese communist relations with Beijing and Moscow
Le Duc Tho-Kissinger meeting (12 July 1971)
Kissinger's new eight-point plan
Vietnamese communist relations with Moscow
Kissinger's second visit to Beijing
Kissinger's new offer
Hanoi's analysis of the situation at the end of 1971
4. Negotiations at a Standstill
Secret meetings made public
Nixon's visit to China
Communist military preparations
20th plenary session of the Lao Dong Party
The 1972 Easter Offensive
US air bombing
Vietnam-Soviet relations
Le Duc Tho-Kissinger meeting (2 May 1972)
US-Soviet Summit meeting
A change of strategy
5. The Peace Agreement
Le Duc Tho-Kissinger meeting (19 July 1972)
Hanoi's new negotiation strategy
Le Duc Tho-Kissinger meetings (1 and 14 Aug 1972)
Vietnamese communist relations with Beijing and Moscow
Le Duc Tho-Kissinger meeting (15 Sept 1972)
The 26-27 Sept 1972 intensive negotiations
Communist plan for 'General Uprising' (4 Oct 1972)
8-12 Oct 1972 Negotiations
Xuan Thuy-Kissinger meeting (17 Oct 1972)
The Peace Agreement aborted
Another cycle of negotiations
Linebacker II and counter offensives
Another attempt at negotiation
The Final Agreement
Laying the groundwork for the Agreement
6. An Incomplete Victory
Communist strategy for the South
COSVN meeting (16-17 Mar 1973)
COSVN Directive 3/CT/73
The journey to Hanoi
Meeting with Le Duan
Discussions with Central Military Committee
Developments in South Vietnam reviewed
The Politburo meeting of 1 June 1973
Developments in North Vietnam
Developments in Laos
Developments in Cambodia
Vietnamese communist relations with China and the USSR
Hanoi, Bejing and the on-going conflict in Cambodia
COSVN Conference (Sept 1973)
Military preparations
Resolution 21 (15 Oct 1973) and COSVN Resolution 12
Developments in the US
7. Ending the War
The situation in the South
Military preparations
Meeting with Le Duan at Do Son
COSVN Conference (July 1974)
Politburo meeting (Sept-Oct 1974)
Politburo meeting (Dec 1974-Jan 1975)
The fighting in the South
The 1974-5 dry season offensive
Vietnamese communist relations with Beijing and Moscow
The Ho Chi Minh Campaign

The Chinese Journalist provides an intriguing introduction to Chinese journalists and their roles within society for both students of Media and Asian Studies. The book initially offers a background history of journalists and the media in Communist China before examining the origins and development of Chinese journalism in the nineteenth century. Subsequent chapters explore:
· how young people become journalists
· the norms of the profession
· the developing identity of the journalist
· the gulf between beliefs and reality
Drawing upon sinology, social psychology, history and sociology, this book will inform readers from many disciplines about the increasing power journalists have, as well as providing new perspectives on familiar debates for students of media and communications.

Muslims in India today are responding to the challenge of religious pluralism in a variety of ways. This book explores the attempts being made by scholar-activists and Muslim organisations to develop new understandings of Islam to relate to people of other faiths and to the modern nation-state, and to deal with issues such as democracy and secularism. It examines how a common predicament, characterised by a sense of siege and the perception of being an oppressed minority, is producing new expressions of Islam, some of which seek to relate to non-Muslims in terms of confrontation, and others which call for dialogue, reconciliation and inter-faith harmony.

This volume examines Muslim societies across Europe, North Africa, Central Asia and South Asia from the eighteenth century to the present, providing fresh insight through comparison. Movements and populations covered include the nineteenth century North African Sansusi movement and its relationships to Sufis and Arabs of the region, Soviet and Chinese Central Asia, Muslim-Hindu relationships in South Asia, Muslims in Syria and Muslim immigrants in Europe.

Virtually everywhere, directly or indirectly, modern men are prepared for war through sport. It has been no different in the past. Throughout history a constant imperative has been a moral commitment to defend the society. Sport has played its part in the inculcation of this commitment. However, sport has also been considered both a substitute for war and an antidote to war. This collection of essays explores the relationship between sport and war, bringing together established authors that include Peter Beck, Hans Bonde, Vassil Girginov, Donald Kyle, J.A. Mangan, John McClelland and Gertrud Pfister, and emerging authors such as Penelope Kissoudi, Orestis Kustrin, Callum McKenzie, Alethea Melling, Hamad Ndee and Roberta Vescovi.