Ever since the analogy between number fields and function fields was discovered, it has been a source of inspiration for new ideas, and a long history has not in any way detracted from the appeal of the subject.

As a deeper understanding of this analogy could have tremendous consequences, the search for a unified approach has become a sort of Holy Grail. The arrival of Arakelov's new geometry that tries to put the archimedean places on a par with the finite ones gave a new impetus and led to spectacular success in Faltings' hands. There are numerous further examples where ideas or techniques from the more geometrically-oriented world of function fields have led to new insights in the more arithmetically-oriented world of number fields, or vice versa.

These invited articles by leading researchers in the field explore various aspects of the parallel worlds of function fields and number fields. Topics range from Arakelov geometry, the search for a theory of varieties over the field with one element, via Eisenstein series to Drinfeld modules, and t-motives.

This volume is aimed at a wide audience of graduate students, mathematicians, and researchers interested in geometry and arithmetic and their connections.

Contributors: G. BAckle; T. van den Bogaart; H. Brenner; F. Breuer; K. Conrad; A. Deitmar; C. Deninger; B. Edixhoven; G. Faltings; U. Hartl; R. de Jong; K. KAhler; U. KA1/4hn; J.C. Lagarias; V. Maillot; R. Pink; D. Roessler; and A. Werner.

This book is devoted to analytically approximate methods in the nonlinear dynamics of a rigid body with cavities (containers) partly filled by a liquid. The methods are normally based on the Bateman-Luke variational formalism combined with perturbation theory. The derived approximate equations of spatial motions of the body-liquid mechanical system (these equations are called mathematical models in the title) take the form of a finite-dimensional system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations coupling quasi-velocities of the rigid body motions and generalized coordinates responsible for displacements of the natural sloshing modes. Algorithms for computing the hydrodynamic coefficients in the approximate mathematical models are proposed. Numerical values of these coefficients are listed for some tank shapes and liquid fillings. The mathematical models are also derived for the contained liquid characterized by the Newton-type dissipation. Formulas for hydrodynamic force and moment are derived in terms of the solid body quasi-velocities and the sloshing-related generalized coordinates. For prescribed harmonic excitations of upright circular (annular) cylindrical and/or conical tanks, the steady-state sloshing regimes are theoretically classified; the results are compared with known experimental data. The book can be useful for both experienced and early-stage mechanicians, applied mathematicians and engineers interested in (semi-)analytical approaches to the "fluid-structure" interaction problems, their fundamental mathematical background as well as in modeling the dynamics of complex mechanical systems containing a rigid tank partly filled by a liquid.

FOUNDATIONS OFMODERN ANALYSISEnlarged and Corrected PrintingJ. DIEUDONNEThis book is the first volume of a treatise which will eventually consist offour volumes. It is also an enlarged and corrected printing, essentiallywithout changes, of my Foundations of Modern Analysis, published in1960. Many readers, colleagues, and friends have urged me to write a sequelto that book, and in the end I became convinced that there was a place fora survey of modern analysis, somewhere between the minimum tool kitof an elementary nature which I had intended to write, and specialistmonographs leading to the frontiers of research. My experience of teachinghas also persuaded me that the mathematical apprentice, after taking the firststep of Foundations, needs further guidance and a kind of general birdseyeview of his subject before he is launched onto the ocean of mathematicalliterature or set on the narrow path of his own topic of research.Thus I have finally been led to attempt to write an equivalent, for themathematicians of 1970, of what the Cours dAnalyse of Jordan, Picard, and Goursat were for mathematical students between 1880 and 1920.It is manifestly out of the question to attempt encyclopedic coverage, andcertainly superfluous to rewrite the works of N. Bourbaki. I have thereforebeen obliged to cut ruthlessly in order to keep within limits comparable tothose of the classical treatises. I have opted for breadth rather than depth, inthe opinion that it is better to show the reader rudiments of many branchesof modern analysis rather than to provide him with a complete and detailedexposition of a small number of topics.Experience seems to show that the student usually finds a new theorydifficult tograsp at a first reading. He needs to return to it several times beforehe becomes really familiar with it and can distinguish for himself whichare the essential ideas and which results are of minor importance, and onlythen will he be able to apply it intelligently. The chapters of this treatise arevi PREFACE TO THE ENLARGED AND CORRECTED PRINTINGtherefore samples rather than complete theories: indeed, I have systematically tried not to be exhaustive. The works quoted in the bibliography willalways enable the reader to go deeper into any particular theory.However, I have refused to distort the main ideas of analysis by presentingthem in too specialized a form, and thereby obscuring their power andgenerality. It gives a false impression, for example, if differential geometryis restricted to two or three dimensions, or if integration is restricted to Lebesgue measure, on the pretext of making these subjects more accessible orintuitive.On the other hand I do not believe that the essential content of the ideasinvolved is lost, in a first study, by restricting attention to separable metrizabletopological spaces. The mathematicians of my own generation were certainlyright to banish, hypotheses of countability wherever they were not needed: thiswas the only way to get a clear understanding.

Many in the mathematics community in the U.S. are involved in mathematics education in various capacities. This book highlights the breadth of the work in K-16 mathematics education done by members of US departments of mathematical sciences. It contains contributions by mathematicians and mathematics educators who do work in areas such as teacher education, quantitative literacy, informal education, writing and communication, social justice, outreach and mentoring, tactile learning, art and mathematics, ethnomathematics, scholarship of teaching and learning, and mathematics education research. Contributors describe their work, its impact, and how it is perceived and valued. In addition, there is a chapter, co-authored by two mathematicians who have become administrators, on the challenges of supporting, evaluating, and rewarding work in mathematics education in departments of mathematical sciences. This book is intended to inform the readership of the breadth of the work and to encourage discussion of its value in the mathematical community. The writing is expository, not technical, and should be accessible and informative to a diverse audience. The primary readership includes all those in departments of mathematical sciences in two or four year colleges and universities, and their administrators, as well as graduate students. Researchers in education may also find topics of interest. Other potential readers include those doing work in mathematics education in schools of education, and teachers of secondary or middle school mathematics as well as those involved in their professional development.

A comprehensive and hands-on guide to crucial math concepts and terminology In the newly revised third edition of All the Math You'll Ever Need: A Self-Teaching Guide, veteran math and computer technology teacher Carolyn Wheater and veteran mathematics author Steve Slavin deliver a practical and accessible guide to math you can use every day and apply to a wide variety of life tasks. From calculating monthly mortgage payments to the time you'll need to pay off a credit card, this book walks you through the steps to understanding basic math concepts. This latest edition is updated to reflect recent changes in interest rates, prices, and wages, and incorporates information on the intelligent and efficient use of calculators and mental math techniques. It also offers: A brand-new chapter on hands-on statistics to help readers understand common graphs An easy-to-use-format that provides an interactive method with frequent questions, problems, and self-tests Complete explanations of necessary mathematical concepts that explore not just how math works, but also why it works Perfect for anyone seeking to make practical use of essential math concepts and strategies in their day-to-day life, All the Math You'll Ever Need is an invaluable addition to the libraries of students who want a bit of extra help applying math in the real world.

In the 5th century the Indian mathematician Aryabhata (476-499) wrote a small but famous work on astronomy, the Aryabhatiya. This treatise, written in 118 verses, gives in its second chapter a summary of Hindu mathematics up to that time. Two hundred years later, an Indian astronomer called Bhaskara glossed this mathematial chapter of the Aryabhatiya.

An english translation of Bhaskara s commentary and a mathematical supplement are presented in two volumes.

Subjects treated in Bhaskara s commentary range from computing the volume of an equilateral tetrahedron to the interest on a loaned capital, from computations on series to an elaborate process to solve a Diophantine equation.

This volume contains explanations for each verse commentary translated in Volume 1. These supplements discuss the linguistic and mathematical matters exposed by the commentator. Particularly helpful for readers are an appendix on Indian astronomy, elaborate glossaries, and an extensive bibliography.

"

Motivated by applications, an underlying theme in analysis is that of finding bases and understanding the transforms that implement them. These may be based on Fourier techniques or involve wavelet tools; they may be orthogonal or have redundancies (e.g., frames from signal analysis).

Representations, Wavelets, and Frames contains chapters pertaining to this theme from experts and expositors of renown in mathematical analysis and representation theory. Topics are selected with an emphasis on fundamental and timeless techniques with a geometric and spectral-theoretic flavor. The material is self-contained and presented in a pedagogical style that is accessible to students from both pure and applied mathematics while also of interest to engineers.

The book is organized into five sections that move from the theoretical underpinnings of the subject, through geometric connections to tilings, lattices and fractals, and concludes with analyses of computational schemes used in communications engineering. Within each section, individual chapters present new research, provide relevant background material, and point to new trends and open questions.

Contributors: C. Benson, M. Bownik, V. Furst, V. W. Guillemin, B. Han, C. Heil, J.A. Hogan, P.E.T. Jorgensen, K. Kornelson, J.D. Lakey, D.R. Larson, K.D. Merrill, J.A. Packer, G. Ratcliff, K. Shuman, M.-S. Song, D.W. Stroock, K.F. Taylor, E. Weber, X. Zhang.

Budgeting can be stressful and overwhelming to the average American. You can learn how to cut corners from grocery shopping, to going on that much wanted vacation to saving money on entertainment that it hard to afford on the budget you have yet to make. Don't feel drained at the end of the month; read Life on A budget to begin feeling more energized by your "desire" and "motivation."

This contributed volume is an exciting product of the 22nd MAVI conference, which presents cutting-edge research on affective issues in teaching and learning math. The teaching and learning of mathematics is highly dependent on students' and teachers' values, attitudes, feelings, beliefs and motivations towards mathematics and mathematics education. These peer-reviewed contributions provide critical insights through their theoretically and methodologically diverse analyses of relevant issues related to affective factors in teaching and learning math and offer new tools and strategies by which to evaluate affective factors in students' and teachers' mathematical activities in the classroom. Among the topics discussed: The relationship between proxies for learning and mathematically related beliefs. Teaching for entrepreneurial and mathematical competences. Prospective teachers' conceptions of the concepts mean, median, and mode. Prospective teachers' approach to reasoning and proof The impact of assessment on students' experiences of mathematics. Through its thematic connections to teacher education, professional development, assessment, entrepreneurial competences, and reasoning and proof, Students' and Teachers' Values, Attitudes, Feelings and Beliefs in Mathematics Classrooms proves to be a valuable resource for educators, practitioners, and students for applications at primary, secondary, and university levels.

In the 5th century the Indian mathematician Aryabhata (476-499) wrote a small but famous work on astronomy, the Aryabhatiya. This treatise, written in 118 verses, gives in its second chapter a summary of Hindu mathematics up to that time. Two hundred years later, an Indian astronomer called Bhaskara glossed this mathematial chapter of the Aryabhatiya.

An english translation of Bhaskara s commentary and a mathematical supplement are presented in two volumes.

Subjects treated in Bhaskara s commentary range from computing the volume of an equilateral tetrahedron to the interest on a loaned capital, from computations on series to an elaborate process to solve a Diophantine equation.

This volume contains an introduction and the literal translation.

The introduction aims at providing a general background for the translation and is divided in three sections: the first locates Bhaskara s text, the second looks at its mathematical contents and the third section analyzes the relations of the commentary and the treatise."

The area of analysis and control of mechanical systems using differential geometry is flourishing.

This book collects many results over the last decade and provides a comprehensive introduction to the area.

This monograph, divided into four parts, presents a comprehensive treatment and systematic examination of cycle spaces of flag domains. Assuming only a basic familiarity with the concepts of Lie theory and geometry, this work presents a complete structure theory for these cycle spaces, as well as their applications to harmonic analysis and algebraic geometry.

Key features:

* Accessible to readers from a wide range of fields, with all the necessary background material provided for the nonspecialist

* Many new results presented for the first time

* Driven by numerous examples

* The exposition is presented from the complex geometric viewpoint, but the methods, applications and much of the motivation also come from real and complex algebraic groups and their representations, as well as other areas of geometry

* Comparisons with classical Barlet cycle spaces are given

* Good bibliography and index.

Researchers and graduate students in differential geometry, complex analysis, harmonic analysis, representation theory, transformation groups, algebraic geometry, and areas of global geometric analysis will benefit from this work.

This text gives a detailed account of various techniques that are used in the study of dynamics of continuous systems, near as well as far from equilibrium. The analytic methods covered include diagrammatic perturbation theory, various forms of the renormalization group and self-consistent mode coupling. Dynamic critical phenomena near a second order phase transition, phase ordering dynamics, dynamics of surface growth and turbulence form the backbone of the book. Applications to a wide variety of systems (e.g. magnets, ordinary fluids, super fluids) are provided covering diverse transport properties (diffusion, sound).

Number Book is a series of graded activity books designed to help children learn basic calculation skills including addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Number Book 3 includes: numbers to 20, multiples of 2, tens and units, number facts (for example pairs of numbers that add up to 20), recognising coins to 20p, counting money and giving change.

The developmentsin the recent yearsof the potential theoryemphasized a classof functions larger than that of excessive functions (i.e. the positive superharmonic functionsfromtheclassicalpotentialtheoryassociatedwiththeLaplaceoperator), namely the strongly supermedian functions. It turns out that a positive Borel function will be strongly supermedian if and only if it is the in?mum of all its excessive majorants. Apparently, these functions have been introduced by J.F. Mertens and then they have been studied mainly by P.A. Meyer, G. Mokobodzki, D. Feyel and recently by P.J. Fitzsimmons and R.K. Getoor. The aimofthis bookisamongothersto developa potential theoryappropriate to this new class of functions. Although our methods are analytical, we present also the probabilistic counterparts from the Markov processes theory. The natural frame in which this theory is settled is given by a sub-Markovian resolvent of kernels on a Radon measurable space. After a possible extension of the space, such a resolvent becomes that one associated with a right process on a Radon topological space, not necessary locally compact and without existing a reference measure. Intimately related to the excessive functions we present certain basic tools of the theory: the Ray topology and compacti?cation, the ?ne carrier and the reduction operation on measurable sets. We examine di?erent types of negligible sets with respect to a ?nite measure ?: the ?-polar, ?-semipolar and ?-mince sets. We take advantage of the cone of potentials structure for both excessive functions and measures

A practical introduction to fundamentals of computer arithmetic

Computer arithmetic is one of the foundations of computer science and engineering. Designed as both a practical reference for engineers and computer scientists and an introductory text for students of electrical engineering and the computer and mathematical sciences, Arithmetic and Logic in Computer Systems describes the various algorithms and implementations in computer arithmetic and explains the fundamental principles that guide them.

Focusing on promoting an understanding of the concepts, Professor Mi Lu addresses:

• Number representations, including the Conventional Radix and
• Signed-Digit Number Systems as well as Floating Point, Residue, and Logarithmic Number Systems
• Ripple Carry Adders and high-speed adders
• Sequential multiplication, parallel multiplication, sequential division, and fast array dividers
• Floating point operations, Residue Number operations, and operations through logarithms

To assist the reader, alternative methods are examined and thorough explanations of the material are supplied, along with discussions of the reasoning behind the theory. Ample examples and problems help the reader master the concepts.

In the four decades since Imre Lakatos declared mathematics a "quasi-empirical science," increasing attention has been paid to the process of proof and argumentation in the field -- a development paralleled by the rise of computer technology and the mounting interest in the logical underpinnings of mathematics. Explanantion and Proof in Mathematics assembles perspectives from mathematics education and from the philosophy and history of mathematics to strengthen mutual awareness and share recent findings and advances in their interrelated fields. With examples ranging from the geometrists of the 17th century and ancient Chinese algorithms to cognitive psychology and current educational practice, contributors explore the role of refutation in generating proofs, the varied links between experiment and deduction, the use of diagrammatic thinking in addition to pure logic, and the uses of proof in mathematics education (including a critique of "authoritative" versus "authoritarian" teaching styles).

A sampling of the coverage:

• The conjoint origins of proof and theoretical physics in ancient Greece.
• Proof as bearers of mathematical knowledge.
• Bridging knowing and proving in mathematical reasoning.
• The role of mathematics in long-term cognitive development of reasoning.
• Proof as experiment in the work of Wittgenstein.
• Relationships between mathematical proof, problem-solving, and explanation.

Explanation and Proof in Mathematics is certain to attract a wide range of readers, including mathematicians, mathematics education professionals, researchers, students, and philosophers and historians of mathematics.

Dialogue and Learning in Mathematics Education is concerned with communication in mathematics class-rooms. In a series of empirical studies of project work, we follow students' inquiry cooperation as well as students' obstructions to inquiry cooperation. Both are considered important for a theory of learning mathematics.
Special attention is paid to the notions of dialogue' and critique'. A central idea is that dialogue' supports critical learning of mathematics'. The link between dialogue and critique is developed further by including the notions of intention' and reflection'. Thus a theory of learning mathematics is developed which is resonant with critical mathematics education.

Many of the earliest books, particularly those dating back to the 1900s and before, are now extremely scarce and increasingly expensive. We are republishing these classic works in affordable, high quality, modern editions, using the original text and artwork.

This book consists of reviewed original research papers and expository articles in index theory (especially on singular manifolds), topology of manifolds, operator and equivariant K-theory, Hopf cyclic cohomology, geometry of foliations, residue theory, Fredholm pairs and others, and applications in mathematical physics. The wide spectrum of subjects reflects the diverse directions of research for which the starting point was the Atiyah-Singer index theorem.

This volume contains 21 research and survey papers on recent developments in the field of diophantine approximation, which are based on lectures given at a conference at the Erwin Schrodinger-Institute (Vienna, 2003). The articles are either in the spirit of more classical diophantine analysis or of a geometric or combinatorial flavor. Several articles deal with estimates for the number of solutions of diophantine equations as well as with congruences and polynomials.