The book speaks about the origin, growth and expansion of Tamil nationalism. There were three different players, namely, the middle class Tamil professionals with political aspiration, the Tamil businessmen with capital and lastly, the Tamil criminlas with skills in underworld operation. The leadership of LTTE was a manifestation of joint operation carried out by the above three. The real victims of this war is the working class of Sri Lanka. The role of India in the war is not confined to Sri Lankan modern politics, but it certainly examplifies the omnipotent role of India in the region.

Specifically designed for students of Arabic, this fully illustrated rendition of the Arabic literary classic enhances students' reading, listening, speaking, and writing skills through the medium of these fun, engaging, and culturally relevant tales. The first part of this second edition follows the original order of the stories, with new vocabulary explained in footnotes throughout. In the second part, grammar explanations and a wealth of exercises provide ample opportunities for readers to improve their understanding of the stories and strengthen their command of Arabic grammar and Arabic writing. The audio material, containing the texts of the stories read by native speakers, is available to download free online to help develop the learner's listening skills. Suitable for both class use and independent study, Kalila wa Dimna: for Students of Arabic is a must for all intermediate to advanced students wishing to enhance their language skills and discover one of the most popular pieces of Arabic literature ever written.

Book 1 of the book series is targeted at beginner learners of Cantonese. This volume focuses on authentic spoken Cantonese as used in contemporary Hong Kong and sets out to provide an authentic and contextualized approach to the learning of the language. This volume provides language scenarios in daily life and cover various language functions, such as icebreaking, asking for information, describing, providing information, asking for help, making appointment, and narrating. This volume provides essential learning points and solid linguistic training to learners. Book 1 of the book series can be used by universities, colleges, schools in Hong Kong, and by institutions around the world. This book is suitable for learners who are looking for self-study materials.

Book 2 of the book series is targeted at upper beginning or intermediate learners of Cantonese This volume provides a contextualized approach to the learning of the language. This volume uses short stories to illustrate language use in different situations. The dialogues in this volume cover various language functions, such as describing a place, explaining, and rejecting requests. The examples of language use include communication in private life as well as work-related situations. Book 2 of the book series can be used by universities, colleges, schools in Hong Kong, and by institutions around the world. This book can be used in language immersion programmes. This book is suitable for learners who are looking for self-study materials.

i) This volume incorporates a wide range of ESL/EFL contexts, including Australia, Britain, Macau, Hong Kong and Mainland China. ii) This volume covers various aspects of English teaching and learning, including teaching approach, teacher identity, vocabulary learning, writing, learner perception, learning beliefs, motivation, anxiety and assessment. iii) The contributors utilize differing research methods, including quantitative, qualitative and case studies. iv) This book demonstrates a fairly recent trend on teaching and researching Chinese ESL/EFL learners in the 21st century. v) Professor Brian Paltridge, who has published widely in TESOL, has been invited as one of the special contributors.

Modern Russian Grammar Workbook is an innovative book of exercises and language tasks for all learners of Russian. The book is divided into two parts.

• Section 1 provides exercises based on essential grammatical structures.
• Section 2 practises everyday functions such as making introductions, apologizing and expressing needs.

A comprehensive answer key at the back of the book enables students to check on their progress.

Main features include:

• exercises graded according to level of difficulty
• cross referencing to the related Modern Russian Grammar
• topical exercises which develop students vocabulary base.

The Modern Russian Grammar Workbook is ideal for all learners of Russian, from beginner to intermediate and advanced students. It can be used both independently and alongside the Modern Russian Grammar: A Practical Guide, also published by Routledge.

John Dunn is Honorary Research Fellow and Shamil Khairov is Lecturer in Russian, both at the School of Modern Languages and Cultures, University of Glasgow.

500 Common Chinese Idioms is the ideal tool for all intermediate to advanced learners of Chinese. Based on large corpora of authentic language data, it presents the 500 most commonly used Chinese idioms or chengyu, along with a variety of synonyms, antonyms and the most common structures, enabling the reader to make educated guesses about the meanings of hundreds of unfamiliar idioms.

Key features include:

• the idiom in both simplified and traditional characters
• a literal English translation and English equivalents
• two suitable example sentences, plus explanations and usage notes
• a Pinyin index and stroke order index.

This practical dictionary is suitable both for class use and independent study and will be of interest to students and teachers of Chinese alike.

Your first-class ticket to building better French language skills-and appreciating the diversity of Francophone culture! From the bestselling Read & Think series, this fully illustrated premium third edition of Read & Think French brings the French language to life! In addition to introducing, developing, and growing key vocabulary, this book gives you an insider's look at the exciting diversity of life and culture the French-speaking world- from etiquette at the French table to the comedians of Quebec to the gastronomic flavors of the French West Indies. Including more than 100 engaging articles written by native French speakers, each one provides a bilingual glossary on the same page, allowing you to learn without stopping to look up new or unfamiliar words. Each chapter contains several exercises to reinforce comprehension. This premium edition features streaming audio recordings of 35 readings (more than 2 hours), supported by the McGraw-Hill Language Lab app. Read & Think French, Premium Third Edition features: New articles reflecting the current aspects of life in the French-speaking world New and expanded materials in the McGraw-Hill Language Lab app (free online and via mobile) App includes flashcards of more than 7,000 vocabulary terms App includes audio recordings of 35 readings (2+ hours)

Relevant and timely coverage of under-researched Chinese for Specific Purposes (CSP); Wide-ranging coverage on CSP learning materials, needs analysis, & curriculum design; Innovations in classroom research and professional context analysis; Making connections between research professionals and front-line practitioners that benefit the broad field of LSP education and research

Interaction in Mandarin Chinese and English as a Multilingua Franca: Context, Practice, and Perception proposes a model of context, practice, and perception and raises awareness of the importance of understanding language use and perception in context in order to avoid intercultural communication misunderstandings. This book provides an overview of previous research on the pragmatics of Chinese and English as a multilingua franca in multilingual contexts. It argues that context is socioculturally shaped, interactionally constructed, and personally related. Context can influence and be established by the practice and perception of communicative acts. This book also combines the proposed model with the discursive-interactional approach to uncover the interplay of context, practice, and perception of extended concurrent speech for strong disagreement by native Chinese speakers in spontaneous conversations in Mandarin and English as a multilingua franca.

Relevant and timely coverage of under-researched Chinese for Specific Purposes (CSP); Wide-ranging coverage on CSP learning materials, needs analysis, & curriculum design; Innovations in classroom research and professional context analysis; Making connections between research professionals and front-line practitioners that benefit the broad field of LSP education and research

This book is a detailed study of the possessive semantic space within the framework of construction grammar. Using corpus data from Old Church Slavonic and Old Russian, the book uses semantic maps to document the relationship between form and meaning in a set of semantically closely related syntactic constructions that can all express adnominal possession and all partially overlap. The book also traces the development of these constructions from the earliest Slavic attestations towards Modern Russian, thus also using the semantic maps as a diachronic tool. This approach results in a much improved analysis of the data at hand: The competing possessive constructions are treated as partly synonymous constructions in the same semantic space. Changes are then seen to follow paths in this space. The constructionist perspective also allows discerning the relative contributions of the possessor nominal, the possessee nominal and properties of the constructions themselves. The book is a contribution to Slavic historical linguistics, to the general understanding of adnominal possession and to forwarding functionalist approaches to syntactic change.

Antoine Fabre d'Olivet (December 8, 1767-March 25, 1825) was a French author, poet, and composer whose biblical and philosophical hermeneutics in?uenced many occultists, such as Eliphas Lvi and Gerard Encausse (Papus), and Ren Gunon. D'Olivet spent his life pursuing the esoteric wisdom concealed in the Hebrew scriptures, Greek philosophy, and the symbolism of many ancient cultures as far back as ancient India, Persia, and Egypt. His writings are considered classics of the Hermetic tradition. His best known works today are his research on the Hebrew language, the present volume (The Hebraic Tongue Restored), his translation and interpretation of the writings of Pythagoras (The Golden Verses of Pythagoras), and his writings on the sacred art of music. In addition to the above works, Hermetica has published in consistent facsimile format for its Collected Works of Fabre d'Olivet series Cain and The Healing of Rodolphe Grivel, as well as Hermeneutic Interpretation of the Origin of the Social State of Man and the Destiny of the Adamic Race. D'Olivet's mastery of many ancient languages and their literatures enabled him to write (in the time of Napoleon) this extraordinary text which remains a landmark investigation of the deeper esoteric undercurrents at work in the history of culture. In this prodigious work, which first appeared in 1815, Fabre d'Olivet goes back to the origin of speech and rebuilds upon a basis of truly colossal learning the edifice of primitive and hieroglyphic Hebrew, bringing back the Hebraic tongue to its constitutive principles by deriving it wholly from the sign, which he considers the symbolic and living image of the generative ideas of language. Fabre d'Olivet had found that what is called today the Hebraic tongue is only a colorless simulation of the tongue of the mysteries, and that in finding again this mysterious language one would hold at last the key of all cosmogonies. Drawing upon the resources acquired by his exhaustive studies of Chinese, Sanskrit, Samaritan, Chaldaic, Syriac, Arabic, and Greek, he restored the tongue of the mysteries. Part First: Introductory Dissertation, Hebraic Grammar, and Series of Hebraic Roots. Part Second: Preliminary Discourse and Cosmogony of Moses.

Contemporary Portuguese Language - The Way You Want To Teach It Ponto de Encontro is the first Portuguese language textbook that allows the instructor to choose to teach either Brazilian or European Portuguese. The Second Edition of this best-selling text is completely updated to reflect the 1990 Acordo Ortografico (spelling reform), ensuring students learn how to accurately read and write in Portuguese today. Teaching & Learning Experience Balanced, Communicative Approach - Students learn to communicate effectively in spoken and written Portuguese through a variety of guided and open ended activities. Ponto integrates cultural information and promotes exchange at every stage of instruction. Connect with Culture - Offers learners a rich variety of insights into cultural, social and political realities of the entire Portuguese-speaking world. Explore Grammar - Grammatical structures are presented as a means to effective communication. Build Vocabulary - Tight integration of vocabulary and grammar presentation and exercises reinforce the focus on usage and real-life situations. Develop Skills - Extensive culture-based sections create authentic and meaningful environments for skill-development in each area: listening, speaking, reading and writing. Personalize Learning - MyLanguageLabs' proven results are now available for elementary Portuguese courses! MyPortugueseLab will be available for fall 2012 courses. Note: This is just the standalone book, if you want the book/access card order the ISBN below but check with your instructor before ordering; ALERT: Before you purchase, check with your instructor or review your course syllabus to ensure that you select the correct ISBN. Several versions of Pearson's MyLab & Mastering products exist for each title, including customized versions for individual schools, and registrations are not transferable. In addition, you may need a CourseID, provided by your instructor, to register for and use Pearson's MyLab & Mastering products. NOTE: Make sure to use the dashes shown on the Access Card Code when entering the code. Student can use the URL and phone number below to help answer their questions: http://247pearsoned.custhelp.com/app/home 800-677-6337 0205980236 / 9780205980239 Ponto de Encontro: Portuguese as a World Language and MyPortugeseLab with eText and Access Card,2/e Package consists of: 0205782760 / 9780205782765 Ponto de Encontro: Portuguese as a World Language 0205978533 / 9780205978533 MyPortugueseLab with Pearson eText -- Access Card -- for Ponto de Encontro: Portuguese as a World Language (one semester access)

The book series Beihefte zur Zeitschrift fur romanische Philologie, founded by Gustav Groeber in 1905, is among the most renowned publications in Romance Studies. It covers the entire field of Romance linguistics, including the national languages as well as the lesser studied Romance languages. The editors welcome submissions of high-quality monographs and collected volumes on all areas of linguistic research, on medieval literature and on textual criticism. The publication languages of the series are French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian and Romanian as well as German and English. Each collected volume should be as uniform as possible in its contents and in the choice of languages.

The book is dedicated to the blessed memory of Prof. Zvia Breznitz, whose groundbreaking research has made a tremendous impact on the understanding of fluency in reading. The book presents a multidimensional perspective of recent research and reviews on fluency in reading. The first part presents recent brain-imaging findings from studies into the neurobiological basis of reading, as well as cognitive and language studies exploring the underlying factors of fluency in reading and its development. The second part comprises reviews of intervention studies that address reading ability, and in particular, fluency in reading. The book provides a unique multilingual perspective on reading research by including studies of readers of different orthographies and speakers of different languages. Both scientists exploring the different aspects of reading and language, and clinicians of reading intervention will find this book not only of great interest but extremely useful in its clear and in-depth presentation of current reading research.